Gerontological Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2nd Edition
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About this ebook
Safety, quality, and risk management
Patient and population health advocacy
Clinical care delivery and optimal patient outcomes
Healthy work environments
Strategic, financial, and human resource management
Legal and regulatory compliance
Networking, partnering, and collaborating
Accountability/advocacy for their employees
The publication also addresses 17 updated national standards, which offer a framework for evaluating practice outcomes and goals, as well as for what is expected of all gerontology nurses, and its scope of practice specifies the who, what, where, when, why, and how of their practice.
This new book is a must-have for the aspiring or practicing gerontology nurse, or any registered nurse.
American Nurses Association
The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the premier organization representing the interests of the nation's 4 million registered nurses. ANA is at the forefront of improving the quality of health care for all. Founded in 1896, and with members in all 50 states and U.S. territories, ANA is the strongest voice for the profession
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Book preview
Gerontological Nursing - American Nurses Association
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request
The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the only full-service professional organization representing the interests of the nation’s 4 million registered nurses through its constituent/state nurses associations and its organizational affiliates. The ANA advances the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, and lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on healthcare issues affecting nurses and the public.
ISBN print 978-1-947800-35-9
ISBN ePDF 978-1-947800-36-6
ISBN ePub 978-1-947800-37-3
ISBN mobi 978-1-947800-38-0
© 2019 American Nurses Association
8515 Georgia Ave., Suite 400
Silver Spring, MD 20910
All rights reserved.
First printing, May 2019
Contributors
Scope of Gerontological Nursing Practice
Introduction
Description of Gerontological Nursing
Definitions
History and Evolution of Gerontological Nursing as a Specialty Practice
Gerontological Nursing Education
Foundational Gerontological Nursing Education
Clinical Experiences and Specialty Preparation
APRN Specialty Education
Opportunities for Gerontological Education for Other Specialty Practice
Continuing Education and Professional Development
Organizational Support in Gerontological Nursing Education
Specialty Certification
Integrating the Art and Science of Gerontological Nursing
Tenets That Characterize Gerontological Nursing Practice
The How of Gerontological Nursing
Societal, Cultural, and Ethical Dimensions Describe the Why of Gerontological Nursing
Societal and Cultural Issues in Gerontological Nursing
Applying The Code
in Gerontological Nursing Practice
The Where
of Gerontological Nursing Practice: Settings and Advocacy for Care
Trends and Issues in Gerontological Nursing
Demographic Changes
Carers
Regulations, Legislation, and Advocacy
End-of-Life and Other Ethical Dilemmas
Intellectual and Developmental Disorders and Other Disabilities
Palliative Care
Opioid Crisis
Workforce Issues
Research and Development
Standards of Gerontological Nursing Practice
Function of Standards
Standards of Practice
Standard 1. Assessment
Standard 2. Diagnosis
Standard 3. Outcome Identification
Standard 4. Planning
Standard 5. Implementation
Standard 5A. Coordination of Care
Standard 5B. Health Teaching and Health Promotion
Standard 6. Evaluation
Standards of Professional Performance
Standard 7. Ethics
Standard 8. Culturally Congruent Practice
Standard 9. Communication
Standard 10. Collaboration
Standard 11. Leadership
Standard 12. Education
Standard 13. Evidence-Based Practice and Research
Standard 14. Quality of Practice
Standard 15. Professional Practice Evaluation
Standard 16. Resource Utilization
Standard 17. Environmental Health
Glossary
References and Resources
Appendix A Gerontological Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2010)
Index
Workgroup
Melodee Harris, PhD, APRN, GNP-BC, AGPCNP-BC, Chairperson
Carole T. Boutin, DNP, MS, RN, CNE
Cristy DeGregory, PhD, RN
Sherry A. Greenberg, PhD, RN, GNP-BC, FGSA
Bryan R. Hansen, PhD, RN, APRN-CNS, ACNS-BC
Deborah Jeanmarie, MSN
Linda J. Keilman, DNP, GNP-BC, FAANP
Christine Mueller, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN
Dawn Pajerski, MSN, RN
George Peraza-Smith DNP, GNP-BC, AGPCNP-C, CNE, GS-C, FAANP
Jennifer Pettis, MS, RN, CNE, WCC
Julie Stanik-Hutt, PhD, ACNP-BC, GNP-BC, CCNS, FAANP, FAAN
ANA Staff
Carol J. Bickford, PhD, RN-BC, CPHIMS, FHIMSS, FAAN—Content editor
Joi Morris, BS, CAP-OM—Project coordinator
Lisa M. Myers, Esq.—Legal counsel
Liz Stokes, JD, RN—Ethics consultant
Erin E. Walpole, BA, PMP—Project editor
ANA Committee on Nursing Practice Standards
Danette Culver, MSN, APRN, ACNS-BC, CCRN
Patricia Bowe, DNP, MS, RN, Co-Chair
Renee Gecsedi, MS, RN
Kirk Koyama, MSN, RN, CNS, PHN, Co-Chair
Tonette McAndrew, MPA, BSN, RN
Mona Pearl Treyball, PhD, RN, CNS, CCRN-K, FAAN
Verna Sitzer, PhD, RN, CNS
Stacy McCall, MSN, RN, IBCLC
Ruth Odochilfediora, MSN-ED, RN, Alternate
Jordan Wilson, BSN, RN, Alternate
About the American Nurses Association
The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the premier organization representing the interests of the nation’s 4 million registered nurses. ANA advances the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting a safe and ethical work environment, bolstering the health and wellness of nurses, and advocating on healthcare issues that affect nurses and the public. ANA is at the forefront of improving the quality of healthcare for all. For more about ANA, go to http://www.nursingworld.org/.
About ANA’s Specialty Nursing Standards
Since the late 1990s, ANA has partnered with other nursing organizations to establish a formal process for recognition of specialty areas of nursing practice. This includes the criteria for approving the specialty itself and the scope statement, and an acknowledgment by ANA of the standards of practice for that specialty. Because of the significant changes in the evolving nursing and healthcare environments, ANA’s approval of specialty nursing scope statements and its acknowledgment of specialty standards of practice remain valid for 5 years, starting from the publication date of the documents.
Readership
The primary readership of the Gerontological Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Second Edition [American Nurses Association (ANA), 2019] consists of registered nurses (RNs), including advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) and other RNs prepared at the graduate level, working with older adults in a multitude of roles and across varying settings. Students, administrators, educators, researchers, interprofessional colleagues, agencies, and organizations will find this an invaluable reference.
Legislators, regulators, legal counsel, and the judiciary system will also want to examine this nursing specialty scope of practice statement and accompanying standards of practice and professional performance. In addition, older adults, families, formal and informal carers, communities, populations, and other stakeholders can use this document to better understand and value gerontological nurses, their expertise, and commitment to their practice.
Introduction
The scope of gerontological nursing practice describes the who,
what,
where,
when,
why,
and how
of gerontological nursing practice and is presented via a comprehensive, holistic approach characteristic of experienced gerontological nurses. Each of these questions must be answered to provide a complete picture of the dynamic and complex practice of gerontological nursing and its evolving boundaries and membership.
The global population is aging with people living longer and with multiple chronic conditions. It is a new era for turning the page from dependency and critical illness. Today’s focus is on wellness, health promotion, prevention of illness and injury, as well as keeping older adults physically and mentally healthy, functional, as independent as possible, and with optimal quality of life. The who
community for gerontological nursing practice is described as resilient older adults.
Caregiving is addressed in the context of person- and family-centered care of older adults. Gerontological registered nurses (RNs), graduate-level prepared registered nurses, and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) comprise the professional nursing who
constituency and have been educated, have been titled, and maintain active licensure and certification to practice gerontological nursing.
Gerontological nursing occurs when
ever there is a need for gerontological nursing knowledge, wisdom, caring, leadership, practice, or education, anytime, anywhere. The definition of gerontological nursing provides a succinct characterization of the what
of gerontological nursing practice. Gerontological nursing occurs in any environment where
there is an older adult in need of information, care, support, empowerment, or advocacy with relevance across all settings.
The how
of gerontological nursing practice is defined as the ways, means, methods, and manners with which gerontological nurses practice professionally. The how
of gerontological nursing is supported by addressing the need for educating the workforce on knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, and competence to care for this aging population.
The why
is characterized as gerontological nursing’s response and commitment to the changing needs of society to achieve positive older adult health outcomes. The Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements (ANA, 2015) helps define the why.
Description of Gerontological Nursing
Gerontological nursing is an evidence-based nursing specialty practice that addresses the unique physiological, social, psychological, developmental, economic, cultural, spiritual, and advocacy needs of older adults. Gerontological nursing focuses on the process of aging and the protection, promotion, restoration, and optimization of health and function; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of older adults, carers, families, groups, communities, and populations.
Gerontological nurses, as experts on aging, provide and promote individualized, person-centered, and holistic care of older adults. Gerontological nurses promote quality of life, wellness, autonomy, self-management, shared decision-making, optimal functioning, and comfort from healthy aging to the end of life. Gerontological nurses collaborate with