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Roxana : The Fortunate Mistress: CAPES Agrégation Anglais
Roxana : The Fortunate Mistress: CAPES Agrégation Anglais
Roxana : The Fortunate Mistress: CAPES Agrégation Anglais
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Roxana : The Fortunate Mistress: CAPES Agrégation Anglais

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Roxana: The Fortunate Mistress (full title: The Fortunate Mistress: Or, A History of the Life and Vast Variety of Fortunes of Mademoiselle de Beleau, Afterwards Called the Countess de Wintselsheim, in Germany, Being the Person known by the Name of the Lady Roxana, in the Time of King Charles II) is a 1724 novel by Daniel Defoe. The novel examines the possibility of eighteenth-century women owning their own estate despite a patriarchal society, as with Roxana's celebrated claim that "the Marriage Contract is ... nothing but giving up Liberty, Estate, Authority, and everything, to the Man".The novel further draws attention to the incompatibility between sexual freedom and freedom from motherhood: Roxana becomes pregnant many times due to her sexual exploits, and it is one of her children, Susan, who come back to expose her, years later, near the novel's close, helping to precipitate her flight abroad, subsequent loss of wealth, and (ambiguous) repentance.
The character of Roxana can be described as a proto-feminist because she carries out her actions of prostitution for her own ends of freedom but before a feminist ideology was fully formed, (though Defoe also works to undercut the radicalism of her position). The book also explores the clash of values between the Restoration court and the middle-class.
Roxana also discusses the issues of truth and deceit. As the text is a first-person narration and written to simulate a real first-hand account of a woman, first comes the issue of subjectivity, but also the underlying lie as to the veracity of the text. The reader can only trust in Roxana to give us a true account of her story, but as she often lies to other characters in the book, and even to herself, she is not a reliable narrator. Furthermore, the whole construction of her character is made on lies and disguises. Her name, or names, are not mentioned until the end of the novel, so even the most basic aspect of her identity - her name - is a mystery for the majority of the novel. And the name that is most associated to her: Roxana, is based on a lie and on a disguise, namely the Turkish dress. Published anonymously, and not attributed to Defoe till 1775, Roxana was nonetheless a popular hit in the eighteenth century, frequently reprinted in altered versions to suit the taste of the day: thus the 1775 edition, which called itself The New Roxana, had been sentimentalised to meet the tastes of the day.
LanguageEnglish
Release dateOct 16, 2018
ISBN9782322089154
Roxana : The Fortunate Mistress: CAPES Agrégation Anglais
Author

Daniel Defoe

Daniel Defoe was born at the beginning of a period of history known as the English Restoration, so-named because it was when King Charles II restored the monarchy to England following the English Civil War and the brief dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell. Defoe’s contemporaries included Isaac Newton and Samuel Pepys.

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Rating: 3.2924529308176096 out of 5 stars
3.5/5

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  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    A rollicking read from beginning to end, and a brilliant satire. What a character Defoe created in Roxana!
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Daniel Defoe published all of the great works of fiction that he is remembered for today in a span of a half decade between 1719 and 1724. Prior to this he was a noted journalist. This period began with the famous Adventures of Robinson Crusoe and ended with his final novel, Roxana or The Fortunate Mistress, in 1724. It is supposed to be a biography of one Madamoselle Beleau, the lovely daughter of French Protestant refugees, brought up in England and married to a good-for-nothing son of an English brewer.Roxana's husband squanders his property and abandons his wife and five children. She enters upon a career of a mistress, first to the landlord in whose house she and her husband were renting, and then to a series of wealthy aristocrats and businessmen in three countries, England, France and Holland. She acquires her name of "Roxana," traditionally given to stage actresses, after she had returned to London from Europe, having become a famous courtesan.She is accompanied in her adventures by a faithful maid, Amy, a very lively, attractive and intelligent woman. After many adventures with many men and women, most of whom amazingly, are good decent people who do not take advantage of a beautiful abandoned woman in distress (hence the title of the story—"The Fortunate Mistress"), she finally marries a Dutch merchant who has been her long time lover and friend and even the father to one of her sons. However, in a rather a hurried end to the story, the husband discovers the deceitful and immoral life his wife has led and dies shortly after leaving a her a small sum of money.Interestingly, the ending of Roxana is shrouded in dispute. In Defoe's original version the protagonist does not die, but repents for the life she has lived, and that too—according to Roxana herself—only because she comes to an unhappy end after the death of her husband. However, the book, because it was published anonymously (as was often the case with fictitious histories in those days) and then went through several questionable editions, later interpolators gave the story various endings, all of which has the protagonist die repenting her life full of sins. Even more interesting, and important for the future of fiction, is Defoe's focus upon the interior drama of Roxana's moral decay, the psychological turmoil of a woman who willfully chooses the glamorous life of a courtesan over the duller, but honorable, life of a married woman. The result of her decision leads to a downward spiral from which she is unable to escape. Thus Defoe's last novel is his one and only tragedy.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    My last of the Defoe books on the 1001 books list!So, this book is nearly 300 years old. And it feels like it. The language is dated and took some getting used to. The scandals wouldn't be so scandalous (not that I would want to be friends with "Roxana") today. And today, Roxana would not have to struggle to avoid marriage to keep control of her wealth. Of course, today it is a lot harder to lose someone (or to be lost yourself), so many of Roxana's problems would never have happened n the first place.So, it is what it is. I do wonder who read this book c1724. I can't believe it was women and families--or would Roxana's behavior not be seen as shocking as much as offensive? Or was this written for men to read in clubs, and to laugh with their friends about? I should look into this.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    "Roxana" takes a big breath and begins her narrative - and appears to not take another until the end. There are no chapters - just a need to get her story told. Although sometimes a little tedious I was also compelled to keep reading ."Roxana" abandoned by her husband and, left poor and starving, is no longer able to support her 5 children who she abandons. Because of her youthful beauty, she eventually improves her circumstances by becoming mistress to various wealthy men. (HavIng more children that she does not raise). Her greatest love is money. Her close companion and support. Is her "maid" Amy, Eventually as a middle aged woman, and at the end of her narrative, she must face her past.
  • Rating: 1 out of 5 stars
    1/5
    The 18th century "1,001 books..." march through whoredom continues with another whore whoring her way around the Whorenited Kingdom. Who finds this claptrap, pun intended, entertaining? Certainly I don't. Defoe is still a deft storytelling hand, but I'm done with the whores who are also part-time accountants tallying every penny that their whoredom earns them. The only thing that sets this one apart is that as she descends further and further into her self-made happily-ever-during-but-collapse-at-the-end life is that throughout, she is constantly contemplative of her actions. Big deal. She's still a decrepit moral morass, and Mr. Boxall, I can't read any more like this. How is this a contribution to literature?
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    An excellent edition on good paper, mocked up inside like the first edition with the original spelling, with sensible notes and a knowledgable introduction, which, it should be noted, should not be glimpsed by a first time reader as it gives away the ending.Hopefully none of my friends will ever read this novel. Roxana is so like me that they might come to know me all too well.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Took a while to get into but after a while started to thoroughly enjoy... but the ending and the wonder about it's authorship. Accepting that Defoe may not have finished writing the book itself I still found it a real come down ... took a few days to get over. I didn't find the book predictable at all. As to Roxana's opinion of herself, well I can't say that I'm sure that Defoe meant this as a real moral story at all or whether he was questioning the values in society at the time of writing particularly with reference to sexuality and the feminine in society. The version of Christianity presented is also questioned. Obviously the ending makes a lot of difference but Defoe's point of departure still leaves our female protagonist with troubles undoubtedly arising from her choice of lifestyle. The book also contains some dubious dating. I read the Public Domain version, " The Fortunate Mistress..." with intro by G.H. Maynadier.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    This was not a wholly enjoyable read. It had passages that were really well constructed, but the overall was not effective. Roxana narrates her history and it starts out as she marries a brewer who is handsome but not much else. They have 5 children and fall on hard times. Some of that is their own fault, some of it is misfortune, but it ends up as the same thing. They are so hard pressed that the husband does a bunk. Roxana knows not whether he has left or died and so struggles on with the children and her servant, Amy. Then their landlord comes on the scene and starts to take advantage of Roxana, offering her money and lodging is she sleeps with him. And so beings Roxana's search of wealth at the expense of her virtue and standing. She is thoroughly mercenary, when her landlord (who turns out to be a Jeweler) is murdered in Paris, she simply keeps all his possessions, and tells the executors that the jewels they seek must have been stolen in the murder. From there she progresses to a prince close to the court of Paris, but who is not French. She bears him a son and then he ceases to have her as his mistress after the death of his virtuous wife. She seeks to take all her wealth to England, and so engages a merchant to help her. He turns out to be unusually honest, helping her take her wealth abroad and then offering to marry her. She, like a fool, turns him down. Arriving in England, Roxana sets her cap at being the mistress of the King. She does find a high ranking man to be her mistress, but it doesn't seem to be the King. By some prudent investing and a sound financial advisor, she makes her fortune increase. A lucky chance sees her meet the merchant again, and this time they do marry and she comes into his (bought) titles. Only now things being to go awry. She finds out her children from her first marriage, and one of the girls turns out to be a servant in her own household. So, by trying to keep the truth from her, Roxana gets into all sorts of lies and muddles. She is afraid of being found out and so will go to almost any lengths to prevent that form happening. Amy is of the same mind and so thing unravel somewhat in England. At the book's end there is some tale of things not being at their most fortunate and I found it hard to have any sympathy. Roxana appears to be rather cold hearted. You hear nothing of some of the children she has, they simple vanish off to someone to care for them. She came into considerable wealth but didn't try and find them due to some scruples about their knowing she was a whore. Only the protest doesn't ring true. She seems too self centered to be really caring and doesn't take the opportunity to find them when she has amassed a moderate sum, but goes to some lengths that they do no know her when she has a large fortune. I was left wondering how it would all turn out, and hoping that Roxana did, indeed, get her comeuppance. Not a rounded character, she's not very sympathetic or very human. Not, I hope, one of Defoe's best and not one I will return to.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    I'm glad women have come farther than this!
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    I slogged through this while reviewing 30 other books for my written exams, so I may not have been in the best possible mood to enjoy literature.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    A slow but powerful read. Defoe was so ahead of his times with this work.

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Roxana - Daniel Defoe

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