Paranasal Sinus Cancer A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Paranasal Sinus Cancer, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
I thought I have written a book on cancer of the sinuses but it appears that I have not.
Cancer of the Sinuses is now known as paranasal sinus cancer.
Paranasal sinus cancers affect the nasal cavity and the sinuses around the nose, which are called paranasal sinuses.
There are many sinuses around the nose and cancer can form in any of them.
Cancer that affects the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses is called nasal and paranasal sinus cancer.
The area where the nose and throat meet is called the nasopharynx; cancer that occurs in this area is called nasopharyngeal cancer, which is dissimilar to nasal and paranasal sinus cancer.

Paranasal sinus cancer is a form of head and neck cancer.
Different types of cells in the paranasal sinus cavity may become cancerous.
Malignant Tumors
1. Squamous cell carcinoma
2. Undifferentiated carcinoma
3. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
4. Adenocarcinoma
5. Esthesioneuroblastoma
The most frequent type of paranasal sinus cancer is the squamous cell carcinoma.
This type of cancer forms in the squamous cells (thin, flat cells) lining the inside of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity.
Other types of paranasal sinus cancer are:
1. Melanoma: Cancer that begins in cells called melanocytes, the cells that give skin its natural color.
2. Sarcoma: Cancer that begins in muscle or connective tissue.
3. Inverting papilloma: Benign tumors that develop inside the nose
A small number of these transform into cancer.
4. Midline granulomas: Cancer of tissues in the middle part of the face.
The exact cause of paranasal sinus cancers is not known, though some risk factors have been found.
Risk factors
Certain environmental agents have been linked to the formation of certain paranasal sinus cancers.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) has been linked with items like aflatoxin which is produced by Aspergillus fungi that can colonize and contaminate grain; chromium, nickel, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals.
Adenocarcinoma has been linked with wood dust contact.
Both these malignancies are also linked with exposure to tobacco smoke, salted and smoked foods and heavy metals.
Other risk factors are:
1. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)
2. Male gender and older than 40 years
Symptoms normally involve the nose and eyes:
1. Epistaxis (Nose bleeds)
2. Impaired sense of smell
3. Feeling like one side of the nose is blocked
4. Mucus coming from the nose
5. One bulging eye (proptosis)
6. Partial (or complete in some cases) loss of sight
7. Pain around the eye and swelling in the eyes and nose
8. Visual disturbances such as double vision
9. Watery eyes
10. Pain or numbness in the face
Diagnosis
Patients need naso-endoscopic examination and the diagnosis is made with a biopsy.
Depending on the location of the tumor, occasionally radiological investigations such at CT-scan or MRI-scan
Treatment
The type of treatment will be dependent on a number of factors, such as the stage of cancer and if the cancer has extended to other parts of the body.
Treatments that can be used to treat paranasal sinus cancers are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Early diagnosis and treatment improves the possibility of curing the cancer.
The treatment depends on the histology of the tumor.
Normally, most tumors of the paranasal sinuses are treated surgically with possible post-surgery radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy for certain malignant tumors.
An endoscopic operative method is often favored as it prevents any facial incisions and scars but much depends on the size and location of the tumor.
Eye operation may be needed if the eye is affected.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Paranasal Sinus Cancer
Chapter 2 Causes<

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Jun 6, 2018
• ISBN: 9780463542002

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Paranasal Sinus Cancer

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Paranasal Sinus Cancer, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What The patient Need to Treat Paranasal Sinus Cancer)

This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Paranasal Sinus Cancer

What is Paranasal sinus cancers?

Paranasal sinus cancers affect the nasal cavity and the sinuses around the nose, which are called paranasal sinuses.

There are many sinuses around the nose and cancer can form in any of them.

Cancer that affects the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses is called nasal and paranasal sinus cancer.

The area where the nose and throat meet is called the nasopharynx; cancer that occurs in this area is called nasopharyngeal cancer, which is dissimilar to nasal and paranasal sinus cancer.

Nasal and sinus cancers are infrequent and only 450 patients are diagnosed yearly.

Types of Tumors

Various neoplasms ranging from benign to malignant tumors can arise in the paranasal sinuses.

Fortunately, malignant neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses are rare and account for <1% of all neoplasms.

Benign Tumors

1. Inverted papilloma

2. Juvenile angiofibroma

3. Osteoma

4. Capillary hemangioma

5. Pleomorphic adenoma

Malignant Tumors

1. Squamous cell carcinoma

2. Undifferentiated carcinoma

3. Adenoid cystic carcinoma

4. Adenocarcinoma

5. Esthesioneuroblastoma

Paranasal sinus cancer is a form of head and neck cancer.

Different types of cells in the paranasal sinus cavity may become cancerous.

The most frequent type of paranasal sinus cancer is the squamous cell carcinoma.

This type of cancer forms in the squamous cells (thin, flat cells) lining the inside of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity.

Other types of paranasal sinus cancer are:

1. Melanoma: Cancer that begins in cells called melanocytes, the cells that give skin its natural color.

2. Sarcoma: Cancer that begins in muscle or connective tissue.

3. Inverting papilloma: Benign tumors that develop inside the nose

A small number of these transform into cancer.

4. Midline granulomas: Cancer of tissues in the middle part of the face.

Exposure to certain chemicals or dust in the workplace can raise the risk of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer.

What are the causes of Paranasal sinus cancer?

The exact cause of paranasal sinus cancers is not known, though some risk factors have been found.

The precise cause is not clear but some occupational