Ovarian Cysts, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid or semi-fluid that forms on or inside an ovary.
Ovarian cysts or tumors can be divided into three main groups:
1. Functional (24%)
They form as a result of enlargement of the follicular cyst that contained the ovum during the menstrual cycle.
2. Benign epithelial neoplastic cysts (70% of ovarian cysts)
a. Serous cystadenoma:
b. Mucinous cystadenoma:
c. Benign neoplastic cystic tumors of germ cell origin
d. Benign cystic teratoma; rarely malignant.
3. Malignant (6%)
Causes:
Each month during the menstrual cycle, a follicle grows on the ovary.
The follicle is where an egg is developing.
Most months, an egg is released from this follicle, called ovulation.
If the follicle does not break open and release an egg, the fluid remains in the follicle and develops a cyst.
This is called a follicular cyst.
Another type of cyst occurs after an egg has been released from a follicle.
This is called a corpus luteum cyst.
These functional ovarian cysts tend to be more frequent in the childbearing age between puberty and menopause.
The disorder is less frequent after menopause.
Taking fertility drugs can cause a disorder in which multiple large cysts are formed on the ovaries.
This is called ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome.
The cysts most often go away after a woman's period, or after a pregnancy.
Benign neoplastic cystic tumors of germ cell origin are most frequent in young women.
They are responsible for 15-20% of all ovarian neoplasms.
Risk factors
1. Obesity.
2. Tamoxifen therapy has been linked with a rise in persistent ovarian cysts.
3. Early menarche.
4. Infertility.
5. Dermoid cysts can be inherited in families
Symptoms
Ovarian cysts often produce no symptoms but are found by chance on bimanual examination or ultrasound
There is dull ache or pain in the lower abdomen and low back pain.
Ovarian torsion or rupture may result in severe abdominal pain and fever.
Symptoms of ovarian cysts can also be:
1. Bloating or swelling in the abdomen (Swollen abdomen, with palpable mass arising out of the pelvis, which is dull to percussion and does not go away if the bladder is emptied)
2. Pain during bowel movements
3. Pain in the pelvis shortly before or after beginning a menstrual period
4. Pain with intercourse (dyspareunia ) or pelvic pain during movement
5. Pelvic pain that is constant, dull aching
6. Sudden and severe pelvic pain, often with nausea and vomiting, may be a sign of torsion or twisting of the ovary on its blood supply, or rupture of an ovarian cyst with internal bleeding
Diagnosis:
Ultrasound may be used to diagnose a cyst.
A pelvic ultrasound is the single most efficient way of assessing an ovarian mass.
Transvaginal ultrasonography is favored due to its higher sensitivity over transabdominal ultrasound.
Blood test:
1. Ca-125 test, to look for possible cancer if the patient has an abnormal ultrasound or are in or past menopause
2. Hormone levels (such as LH, FSH, estradiol, and testosterone)
3. Pregnancy test (Serum HCG) - uterine or ectopic pregnancy
4. FBC - infection, hemorrhage.
5. Urinalysis - if there are urinary symptoms.
Treatment
Functional ovarian cysts often do not require treatment.
They often disappear on their own within 8 to 12 weeks.
In the past, the doctor may give to women birth control pills.
These medicines have not been found effective and are now not used.
Surgery
If conservative measures do not succeed or if criteria for surgery are met, surgical treatment for benign ovarian cysts or tumors is normally very effective and provides a cure with minimal effect on reproductive ability.
Laparoscopic surgery for benign ovarian tumors is normally preferred to open surgery.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Ovarian Cys

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Jul 15, 2017
• ISBN: 9781370205073

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Ovarian Cysts,

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2017 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Ovarian Cyst, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What The patient Need to Treat Ovarian Cyst)

This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If the patient would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank the patient for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 amazon kindle books and 200 into Smashwords.com eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid or semi-fluid that forms on or inside an ovary.

Ovarian cysts or tumors can be divided into three main groups:

1. Functional (24%)

2. Benign (70%)

3. Malignant (6%)

Functional Ovarian cysts

Functional cysts are not similar to cysts caused by cancer or other diseases.

They form as a result of enlargement of the follicular cyst that contained the ovum during the menstrual cycle.

Benign epithelial neoplastic cysts (60% of benign ovarian cysts)

1. Serous cystadenoma:

a. They form papillary growths which may be so prolific that the cyst appears solid.

b. They are most frequent in women aged between 40-50 years.

c. About 15-25% is bilateral and about 20-25% is malignant.

2. Mucinous cystadenoma:

a. These are the most frequent large ovarian cysts which may become extremely large.

b. They are filled with mucinous material and rupture may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei.

c. They may be multi-locular.

d. They are most frequent in the 20-40 age groups.

e. About 5-10% is bilateral and around 5% will be malignant.

Benign neoplastic cystic tumors of germ cell origin

1. Benign cystic teratoma; rarely malignant.

a. They develop from primitive germ cells.

b. A benign mature teratoma (dermoid cyst) may contain well-differentiated tissue - e.g., hair, and teeth.

c. 20% are bilateral.

d. They are most frequent in young women.

e. Poorly differentiated, malignant teratomas are rare.

Benign neoplastic solid tumors

1. Fibroma (less than 1% is malignant); small, solid benign fibrous tissue tumors.

They are linked with Meigs' syndrome and ascites.

2. Thecoma (less than 1% is malignant).

3. Adenofibroma.

4. Brenner's tumor:

Rare ovarian tumors displaying benign, borderline or proliferative, and malignant variants

Over 95% are benign and more than 90% are unilateral.

They may be linked with mucinous cystadenoma and cystic teratoma.

What are the Causes of Ovarian Cysts?

Causes