Pneumatics and Pneumatic Circuits

By Dr.Ilango Sivaraman

The book covers the fundamental principles of Pneumatics for Engineering students and others interested in learning the application and construction of Pneumatic circuits.The author had industrial experiance in the manufacture of Pneumatic control boards, before he started teaching Pneumatics and Electro Pneumatics at Caledonian College of Engineering, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

The book has extensive illustrations and circuit drawings and is written in a style so that even Non Engineering learners can understand the subject.

the book also covers Electro Pneumatics and its applications as the title does not convey, inclusion of this topic.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Dr.Ilango Sivaraman
• Release date: Nov 7, 2015
• ISBN: 9781310312724

Dr.Ilango Sivaraman

The author is a Mechanical Engineering graduate from Madras University( Guindy Engineering College, Chennai, India).Then came, IIFT, MBA and Finally PhD in Management from Jain University, Bangalore.Work Experience - Starting with Greaves Cotton,Hyderabad Industries,Ashok Leyland, Best Crompton and Sundaram Clayton - Finally on my own with SEA Hydropower Pvt Ltd.,Hands on experience in managing/ manufacturing hydraulic cylinder/ Power packs and Pneumatic cylinders and control units at SEA Hydropower.Past few years teaching Engineering and Management subjects in Caledonian Engineering College at Muscat,Sultanate of Oman.Living in Muscat with wife, Sandhya.Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics is a print version of my other book( Co authored) and published by PHI learning, India.

Book preview

Principles of Pneumatics and Pneumatic Circuits

By

Dr. Ilango Sivaraman

E mail ID;[e-mail]

Principles of Pneumatics and Pneumatic circuits

Dear all,

Before you take a peek inside the book, let me explain a few points.

Why this book?

I graduated in Mechanical Engineering in the year June 1971(It sounds and feels like centuries ago) from College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai, India.

After graduation, I worked in many Industrial organizations in India, mostly in their export divisions, travelling all the time and meeting customers all over the World-I was at that time mostly promoting machines manufactured by my employers.

My learning really started in ‘Fluid power’(Oil hydraulics and Pneumatics) when we( My partner, Mr.Mukherji and I) started a company by name ‘Flowlines’ In Chennai.South India.That was the time, I understood the basic Engineering concepts. My partner and teacher was Mr. Mukherji, who had experience both in design and manufacture of fluid power elements and systems.

The learning journey was not over. I learnt more about manufacturing Pneumatic / Hydraulic elements, when we started a second company SEA hydropower India Pvt. Ltd.,

The destiny led me to engage in full time teaching after a few more years.

The practical experience I had gained in marketing/ manufacturing fluid power elements combined with teaching made me learn more and I first wrote a book ‘Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics’ a book published by PHI Learning (India) Pvt Ltd., Followed it up with an E-book and a print book.

How to read the book?

The initial part of the book deals with compressed air and its generation, preparation, and applications. The reader, if he is familiar with these topics can skip this section.

Then the elements that are used in a pneumatic circuit are described. The explanation is more on the functionality of these elements than the design. The students can familiarize themselves with the functions of these elements and then go on to the chapters that deal with the building of Pneumatic circuits. Even in circuits, there are two types- one that deals with Pneumatic circuits, where, Electricity is not available or should not be used. That is, in places, where, inflammable gases are present - such as in mines or some gas/chemical factories.

Electro Pneumatics is used, wherever there are no such risks.

The student can read the chapters that are relevant to his/her need if they already have some knowledge in other areas covered by the book.

Usefulness

I believe that if the student is interested in learning the elements of Pneumatic systems, this book will be of tremendous use.

Thank you and wish you all the best in your quest for information and knowledge.

Dr.S.Ilango

Contents

1. Diagrams

2. Introduction to Pneumatics

2.1. Learning outcomes

2.2. What is Pneumatics? (P is silent; it is pronounced as Numatics)

2.3. Understanding atmospheric pressure

2.4. A few applications of Pneumatics (Compressed air)

2.5. Comparison of Pneumatics with its substitutes

3. The process of delivering pneumatic power

3.1. Learning outcomes

3.2. The flow chart

3.3. Compressor

3.3.1. Types of compressors

3.3.2. Compressor Specifications

3.3.3. Few Components used in compressor

3.4. Air preparation system

3.4.1. Dryer

3.4.2. FRL-Filter, Regulator, Lubricator

4. Elements used in Pneumatic Circuits-I

4.1. Learning outcomes

4.2. Introduction

4.3. Pneumatic elements of components used in Conventional pneumatics

4.3.1. Pneumatic cylinders

4.3.2. Direction Control Valves

5. Elements used in Pneumatic circuit II

5.1. Learning outcomes

5.2. Pneumatic circuit with Roller Lever Valve for automatic return

5.3. Logic Valves -OR gate (Shuttle valve) and AND gate(Dual Pressure valve)

5.4. Flow Control Valve (FCV)

5.5. Time delay Valve

5.6. Pressure Sequence Valve

6. Pneumatic circuits

6.1. Learning outcomes

6.2. Application of Time delay valve in Pneumatic circuits

6.3. Application of Pressure sequence valve in a pneumatic circuit

7. Displacement diagrams and Signal flow

7.1. Learning outcomes

7.2. Displacement diagrams

7.3. Displacement diagram for multi Cylinder operation

7.4. Signal flow

7.5. Continuous reciprocation of a double-acting cylinder

7.5.1. Writing the signal flow

8. Multi-Cylinder Circuits

8.1. Learning Outcome

8.2. Idle return Roller Lever Valve in multi Cylinder circuits

8.3. Two-Cylinder Circuit

8.3.1. Signal flow

8.3.2. Displacement diagram

8.3.3. Overlapping of signals

9. Cascade-Sequential -Method of Circuit Design

9.1. Learning outcome

9.2. Merits and Demerits of Cascade design of Pneumatic Circuits

9.3. Procedure for Cascade design of Pneumatic circuits

9.3.1. Step by step procedure for the cascade method of circuit design

9.3.2. Signal flow

9.4. Stepper modules

9.4.1. Example of the stepper module

9.5. Stepper module in multi-cylinder operation

10. Electro Pneumatics-1

10.1. Learning outcomes

10.2. Difference between Pneumatic and Electro-Pneumatic circuits

10.3. Solenoids and their role in switching positions in solenoid valves.

10.4. Working Principle of solenoids

10.5. Electrical switches and symbols used in the circuit

10.5.1. Relay

10.5.2. A few more switches used in Electro-Pneumatic Circuits

11. Electro –Pneumatics -2

11.1. Learning outcomes

11.2. Latching

12. Exercise Problems in Pneumatics

12.1. Learning outcomes

Exercise1

Exercise 2

13. Appendix 1

Diagrams

Figure 1 1 Absolute pressure

Figure 1 2 Lifting Table

Figure 1 3 Valve actuation

Figure 1 4 Pneumatic press

Figure 1 5 Dentist's Drill

Figure 1 6 Opening / Closing doors

Figure 2 1 Air treatment process

Figure 2 2 Air Compression

Figure 2 3 Types of compressors

Figure 2 4 Two-stage compression

Figure 2 5 Pressure switch

Figure 2 6 FRL system

Figure 2 7 Filter

Figure 2 8 Regulator

Figure 2 9 Lubricator

Figure 3 1 Double acting cylinder

FIGURE 3 2 SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

FIGURE 3 3 SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER VERTICAL

FIGURE 3 4 INSIDE FINISH OF CYLINDER COVER

FIGURE 3 5 CUT SECTION OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

FIGURE 3 6 LOAD CALCULATION

FIGURE 3 7 DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE CONNECTED TO DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

FIGURE 3 8 DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE SYMBOLS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

FIGURE 3 9 5/2 VALVE WORKING PRINCIPLE

FIGURE 3 10 CYLINDER FORWARD MOVEMENT

FIGURE 3 11 3/2 DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE

FIGURE 3 12 A SIMPLE PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT

FIGURE 3 13 PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT WITH NUMBERING SYSTEM

FIGURE 4 1 FUNCTION OF ROLLER LEVER VALVE IN A PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT

FIGURE 4 2 OR GATE (SHUTTLE VALVE)

FIGURE 4 3 ONE WAY FLOW CONTROL VALVE

FIGURE 4 4 AND GATE (DUAL PRESSURE VALVE

FIGURE 4 5 LOCATION OF FCV

FIGURE 4 6 TWO ELEMENTS TOGETHER IN FCV

FIGURE 4 7 PASSAGE OF AIR IN FCV

FIGURE 4 8 FLOW CONTROL VALVE MOUNTING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION

FIGURE 4 9 CHECK VALVE AND ONE WAY FCV

FIGURE 4 10 APPLICATION OF FCV AND AND OR GATES IN A CIRCUIT

FIGURE 4 11 TIME DELAY VALVE

FIGURE 4 12 PRESSURE SEQUENCE VALVE

FIGURE 5 1APPLICATION OF TIME DELAY VALVE

FIGURE 5 2 TIME DELAY VALVE IN A PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT

FIGURE 5 3 PRESSURE SEQUENCE VALVE IN A PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT

FIGURE 6 1 DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM OF CYLINDER1.0

FIGURE 6 2 DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM OF TWO CYLINDERS

FIGURE 6

Reviews for Pneumatics and Pneumatic Circuits

[jay ray · Rating: 4 out of 5 stars]

I think the problems and solution part is very good. well worth the read.