Contractor's Guide for Installation of Gasketed PVC Pipe for Water / for Sewer

By Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association

This guide is the most concise and authoritative available for the installation of PVC gasket-joint pressure and non-pressure pipes and fittings. Written and sponsored by the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, it contains up-to-date information and comes complete with practical associated tables and figures that will help users to be more effective and efficient at installing PVC piping systems.  This work provides preferred methods of installation based on field experience, published reports, and other industry sources.
      The guide’s unique, easy-to-use reversible-book format provides two valuable guides in one—for working on water pipes or sewer pipes—making it easy for readers to quickly access the specific information they are seeking, be it on the job, in training, or studying for certification.
 
Benefits of the Guide
 
The Contractor’s Guide provides value to several stakeholders:
 

• Contractors—Following this work’s recommendations can improve job efficiency, reduce potential pipeline problems, and help ensure maximum performance.
• Owners—Proper installation helps ensure the maximum service life for piping systems.
• Workers (Training)—This guide can serve as a reference prior to undertaking a pipeline project.
• Workers (Certification)—In jurisdictions where installers are required to be certified, this work can serve as an invaluable study resource.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Industrial Press, Inc.
• Release date: Jul 12, 2019
• ISBN: 9780831194895

Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association

Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association (PVCPA) represents manufacturers of PVC pipe for water, sewer, irrigation and storm water applications.  Their mission is to promote use of longer-life, lower-maintenance, corrosion-proof PVC piping in water and wastewater systems for real sustainability, strength and long-term asset management.

Book preview

Contractor’s Guide for

Installation of Gasketed

PVC Pipe for Water

Contractor’s Guide for

Installation of Gasketed

PVC Pipe for Water

INDUSTRIAL PRESS, INC.

Industrial Press, Inc.

32 Haviland Street, Suite 3

South Norwalk, Connecticut 06854

Phone: [phone]

Toll-Free in USA: 888-528-7852

Fax: [phone]

Email: [e-mail]

Author: Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association

Title: Contractor’s Guide for Installation of Gasketed PVC Pipe for Water

Library of Congress Control Number: 2019936363

© by Industrial Press

All rights reserved. Published in 2019.

Printed in the United States of America.

ISBN (print)        978-0-8311-3633-8

ISBN (ePUB)      978-0-8311-9489-5

ISBN (eMOBI)   978-0-8311-9490-1

ISBN (ePDF)      978-0-8311-9488-8

Publisher/Editorial Director: Judy Bass

Copy Editor: Janice Gold

Compositor: Paradigm Data Services (P) Ltd., Chandigarh

Proofreader: Eric Lowenkron

Indexer: Jack Lewis

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher.

Limits of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty

The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to the documentation contained in this book.

All rights reserved.

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Contents

Tables

Introduction

General Information

Safety

Project Types

Potable Water

Reclaimed Water

Sewer Force Mains

Irrigation

Rural Water

Standards

Sizes, Pressure Ratings, and OD Types

Colors

Print Line

PVC Fittings

Machined Couplings

Injection-Molded Fittings

Fabricated Fittings

Products

Iron Fittings

Mechanical-Joint Fittings

Push-on Fittings

Flanged Fittings

Valves and Hydrants

Pipe Arrival at the Job Site

Receiving and Inspection

Unloading

Materials on the Job Site

Storage

Handling

Stringing

Pipe Trench

Trench Cross-Section

Trench Width

Depth of Trench

Foundation

Bedding

Haunching

Initial Backfill

Final Backfill

Support of Trench Walls

Stockpiling Excavated Material

Soils Report and Soils Engineer

Rock Conditions

Unstable Soils

Bottom of the Trench

Walls of the Trench

Dewatering

Buoyancy

Insertion Lines

Lowering Pipe into the Trench

Gasketed PVC Pipe Assembly

Assembly of Pipe to Pipe

Assembly of Pipe to Gasketed PVC Fittings

Assembly of PVC Fittings 12-inch (300mm) and Smaller

Assembly of PVC Fittings 14-inch (350mm) and Larger

Assembly of Pipe to Iron Fittings

Assembly of Pipe to Iron Fittings with Mechanical Joints

Assembly of Pipe to Iron Fittings with Push-on Joints

Assembly of Pipe to Valves

Assembly of Pipe to Hydrants

Field-Cutting

Equipment

Straight Cut

Beveling

Adding Insertion Lines

Large-Diameter Pipe

Installed Pipe

Changes in Direction

Fittings

Deflecting the Pipe at a Joint

Bending the Pipe Barrel

Thrust Restraint

Concrete Thrust Blocks

Mechanical Restraint Devices

External Mechanical Joint Restraints

At PVC Fittings

At Iron Fittings

At Pipe-to-Pipe Joints

At Valves/Hydrants

At Reductions in Pipe Size

Internally Restrained Joints

Spline-Lock Gasketed Joint

Grip-Ring Gasketed Joint

Pin-and-Groove Gasketed Joint

Resisting Thrust in Low-Strength Soils

Resisting Vertical Thrust

Flanged Joints

Service Connections

Tapped Couplings

Tapping PVC Pressure Pipe

Safety Considerations

Temperature Considerations

Coupon

Smooth Coupon

Striations

Crown

Punch-Through

Problem Correction

Lubrication

Threads

Direct Tapping

Direct-Tapping Equipment

Tapping Machine

Cutting/Tapping Tool

Procedures for Direct Tapping

Planning a Direct Tap

Position of the Tap

Considerations for Direct Tapping

Making a Direct Tap

Mounting the Machine

Cutting the Hole and Tapping the Threads

Inserting the Corporation Stop

Saddle Tapping

Saddle-Tapping Equipment

Saddle-Tapping Machine

Saddle-Tapping Cutting Tool

Procedures for Saddle Tapping

Planning a Saddle Tap

Position of the Tap

Considerations for Saddle Tapping

Making a Saddle Tap

Sleeve Tapping

Sleeve-Tapping Equipment

Tapping Sleeve

Tapping Valve

Tapping Machine

Cutting Tool

Procedures for Sleeve Tapping

Planning a Tap through a Sleeve and Valve

Position of the Tap

Considerations for Sleeve Tapping

Making a Sleeve Tap

End-of-Day Procedures

Open End of Pipe Run

Open Trench

Backfilling

Haunching

Initial Backfill

Final Backfill

Compacting the Backfill

Compaction Methods

Tamping Bars

Mechanical Tampers

Flooding or Water Compaction

Testing and Disinfecting

Filling the Line

Acceptance Testing

Flushing and Disinfecting

Additional Considerations

Locating PVC Pipe

Transitioning to Pipes Made from Other Materials

Cold Temperatures

Shallow Burial

Steep Slopes

PVC Pipe through Casings

Casing Size

Skids

Mechanical Casing Spacers

Casing Installation

Pulling Pipe through a Casing

Pushing (Jacking) Pipe through a Casing

Filling the Annular Space

Sealing the Casing

Pipe Exposed to Sunlight

Contaminated Soils

Repairs

Resources

PVC Pipe Association

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

American Water Works Association (AWWA)

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

Index

Tables

Table W-1: Sizes, Pressure Ratings, and OD Types

Table W-2: PVC CIOD Pressure Pipe—Weight per Piece, lb

Table W-3: PVC IPS Pressure Pipe—Weight per Piece, lb

Table W-4: PVC PIP Pressure Pipe—Weight per Piece, lb

Table W-5: Minimum Recommended Trench Widths

Table W-6: Offsets Using Fittings

Table W-7: Allowable Longitudinal Pipe Bending—AWWA C900 CIOD PVC Pipe

Table W-8: Allowable Longitudinal Pipe Bending—ASTM D2241 IPS PVC Pipe

Table W-9: Allowable Longitudinal Pipe Bending—ASTM D2241 PIP PVC Pipe

Table W-10: Bearing Strength of Undisturbed Soils

Table W-11: Direct Tapping—AWWA C900 PVC Pipe

Table W-12: Direct Tapping—ASTM D2241 PVC Pipe

Table W-13: Direct Tapping—CSA B137.3 PVC Pipe

Table W-14: PVC Pipe—Saddle Tapping

Table W-15: PVC Pipe—Sleeve Tapping

Table W-16: Maximum Rate of Flow to Fill a Pipeline

Table W-17: Approximate Volume of Water to Fill a Pipeline

Table W-18: Maximum Recommended Test Pressures

Table W-19: Approximate Force on End Cap for 100 psi Pressure, lb

Table W-20: Testing Makeup Allowance per 50 Joints

Table W-21: PVC Pipe—Maximum Recommended

Grouting Pressures

Introduction

This guide provides general recommendations on how to install pressure pipes and fittings. Non-standard conditions not covered in the guide should be referred to the project engineer or to field inspectors to provide on-site solutions. Additional assistance is available from the PVC Pipe Association or from the pipe manufacturer.

The guide has four purposes:

1. Value to the contractor: Following the guide’s recommendations can prevent problems that negatively impact the contractor.

2. Value to the owner: Since proper installation helps ensure the maximum service life for the pipe, using the guide can provide long-term value to the pipeline’s owner.

3. Training: The guide can serve as a reference for installation personnel prior to the start of a pipeline project.

4. Certification: In jurisdictions where installers are required to be certified, the guide can serve as a course textbook.

The guide provides the preferred methods of installation based on field experience, published reports, and other industry sources. Additional information can be found in AWWA C605 Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride (PVCO) Pressure Pipe and Fittings published by the American Water Works Association and in the PVC Pipe Association’s Handbook of PVC Pipe Design and Construction.

The water section of this guide is applicable for pressure pipe and fittings applications such as water mains, force mains, reclaimed mains, irrigation, and certain pressurized trenchless applications. Although sewer force mains carry effluent rather than water, they are pressure pipes that have many of the installation characteristics as water pipes. The sewer section of this guide is applicable for non-pressure pipe and fittings applications such as gravity sewer, storm sewer, and certain non-pressurized trenchless applications (see back cover).

The water section of the guide does not include:

• Solvent-cemented joints

• Fusible PVC pipe

• Molecularly-oriented PVC pipe (PVCO)

For assistance in installing these products, consult the manufacturer.

Readers are invited to order a copy of the PVC Pipe Association’s Handbook of PVC Pipe Design and Construction. This comprehensive reference manual covers all aspects of design and installation for PVC pipe and fittings. To order, visit www.uni-bell.org or www.pvcpa.org.

General Information

PVC was discovered in the 1830s but not introduced as pipe in North America until 1951. In 1955 the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) started developing plastic pipe standards. Since that time, the use and availability of PVC pipe has grown steadily. PVC is now the preferred pipe material for water transmission and distribution markets.

Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis on water pipe materials have found that PVC pipe not only has the lowest carbon footprint but also has the lowest installation and operational costs. The life expectancy of PVC water pipe has been found to be in excess of 100 years. PVC pipe’s sustainability is attributed to:

• Corrosion and chemical resistance without the need for additional protective coatings, liners, or attachments

• Lighter weight (compared to other pressure-pipe materials) and ease of transport

• High strength-to-weight ratio

• Low modulus of elasticity, which reduces the effects of pressure surges

• Higher tensile strength compared to other thermoplastic pipe materials

• Watertight joints

• High resistance to external and internal abrasion

• High impact strength even in low temperatures

• High flow coefficients, which result in reduced costs for operations and maintenance

Safety

Safety of workers and the public is an important consideration for pipeline installation. All local, state/provincial, and federal requirements should be followed.

Project Types

PVC pressure pipe is used in a number of applications, including potable water, irrigation, rural water, reclaimed water, and sewer force mains.

Potable Water

Potable waterlines can be divided into three categories: transmission mains, distribution systems, and service lines. Gasketed PVC pressure pipe is used for both transmission mains and distribution lines.

Transmission mains carry water from the source or treatment facility to the location where it is required. Transmission mains are generally larger-diameter pipes for carrying large volumes of water. Transmission mains are usually blue or white in color. Distribution lines are smaller-diameter pipes that branch off the transmission main and distribute water throughout an area such as a housing subdivision. Distribution lines are generally blue or white in color.

Reclaimed Water

Reclaimed water mains carry water from a treatment facility to the location where it will be used. Reclaimed water is often used as irrigation water and is not potable. Reclaimed-water pipes are colored purple for identification.

Sewer Force Mains

Sewer force mains are used when gravity flow is not possible due to local conditions. Sewer force mains operate intermittently or with varying flow rates. The cyclic capability of a sewer force main needs to be considered at the design stage regardless of the pipe material used. Sewer force mains are usually green in color.

Irrigation

Irrigation pipes carry water from the source, a lake, river, well, or treatment facility, to the fields that require irrigation. By using pipes rather than open ditches to transport irrigation water, evaporation is prevented.

Rural Water

Rural water lines are generally smaller-diameter transmission lines feeding distribution or service lines over large areas with low population densities.

Standards

Several standards are applicable to PVC pressure pipe. The main ones are written by AWWA, ASTM, CSA, NSF, and UL. The standards to which a PVC pressure pipe is manufactured are listed in the print line on the pipe.

PVC pressure pipes meet one or more of the following standards:

• AWWA C900 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4-Inch through 60-Inch (100mm through 1500mm), for Water Transmission and Distribution

• ASTM D2241 Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)

• ASTM D3139 Standard Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals

• ASTM F477 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe

• CSA B137.3 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe for Pressure Applications

• NSF/ANSI 14 Plastics Piping System Components and Related Materials

• NSF/ANSI 61 Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects

• UL 1285 Standard for Pipe and Couplings. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride (PVCO), for Underground Fire Service

Depending on the jurisdiction and the pipe’s intended use, the applicable standards will vary. For instance, PVC pressure pipe being used to carry municipal potable water will generally require the pipe to meet AWWA C900 and be certified to NSF Standard 61 for potable water use. The pipe may also require CSA certification. If PVC pressure pipe is being used for a sewage force main or for reclaimed water, certification to NSF 61 will likely not be a requirement.

Sizes, Pressure Ratings, and OD Types

Gasketed PVC pressure pipe is available in sizes ranging from 2- through 60-inch (50mm–1500mm). Pressure ratings/classes available for PVC pressure pipe range from 80 psi through 305 psi. The outside dimensions are based on either:

• Ductile Iron Outside Diameter/Cast Iron Outside Diameter (DIOD/CIOD)

• Iron Pipe Size (IPS)

• Plastic Irrigation Pipe (PIP)

See Table W-1 for a list of pipes manufactured for potable water, reclaimed water, and sewer force mains.

Table W-1 Sizes, Pressure Ratings, and OD Types