Geometry of Design
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About this ebook
Engineering drawing is the "instrument of communication" upon which the designer must place all information necessary to define a new product. Computer-aided design (CAD) courses often involve teaching solid modelling software, and we view CAD as an engineering communication tool for manufacturing. As the technology of engineering design is in transition from paper drawings to solid models, its education must address the challenge of covering both technologies. Geometry of design integrates drafting technology based on experience with engineering design education. This workbook has evolved from the course “Computer-Aided Graphics and Design at the University of Florida, and many pages of this textbook can be used for student assignments. In order to help students to familiarize themselves with the manufacturing field experience, most assignments are to be submitted in the form of complete working drawings of the parts and assembly. The first three chapters introduce basic engineering drawing definitions and practices. The following four chapters cover design and descriptive geometry, and subsequent chapters move on to dimensions, assembly line design and surface development.
Nam-Ho Kim
Nam-Ho Kim is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, USA.
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Geometry of Design - Nam-Ho Kim
Preface
Nam-Ho Kim; Ashok V. Kumar; Harold F. Snider
In the late 1980s, PTC (Parametric Technology Corp.) introduced a new solid modeling concept that was built using history-based features and constraints. This was a major landmark in the CAD (computer-aided design) industry, which at that time still relied on sketchpad-based
technology developed in the 1960s. Since then, many CAD modeling programs have rapidly evolved based on similar 3-dimensional parametric modeling, making it easy to represent a new design and to embed design intents in the solid model.
We view CAD as an engineering communication tool for manufacturing. Although the eventual goal of solid modeling is to eliminate hard copies of drawings, most manufacturing companies will always use hard copies or electronic copies of 2-dimensional drawings as a major communication too. The most common practice of CAD modeling is to build solid models and then convert them to drawings for manufacturing. Thus, both solid models and drawings are used in the field. The lesson that we have learned from the last two decades is that it takes a significant amount of time and effort to educate engineers in the use of the CAD tool, to the point where they can fully utilize geometric relationships and constraints in solid modeling.
As the technology of engineering design transitions from paper drawings to solid models, its education anticipates the challenge of covering both technologies. Due to the fast development of computer hardware and software, many colleges teach computer-aided drafting and/or solid modeling. Some schools teach the use of drafting-oriented software, while other schools teach the use of solid modeling-oriented software. However, these two courses are often separated, and they do not counterbalance each other. As we cannot rebuild engineering communication from scratch, there is no way of completely abandoning drafting technology and its 200-year history. At the same time, advocates of the old technology should accept the new in order to cope with quickly evolving markets.
The first objective of this workbook is to introduce drafting technology based on our experience with engineering design education. In the first eight chapters, we introduce various topics in drafting, such as viewpoints, projection, section view, primary and auxiliary views. Each topic is followed by the usage of these techniques in solid modeling. These techniques include the disciplines of descriptive geometry, such as visibility, true length, dihedral angle, parallelism, and mutual perpendicularity. We emphasize that, although CAD software is a powerful tool, the engineer must thoroughly understand geometric relationships in order to utilize the full potential of CAD software.
The second objective of this textbook is to recognize that the CAD course should focus on design and manufacturing issues rather than the usage of computer software. Although many schools teach CAD drafting and solid modeling, the application to manufacturing is often overlooked. Although students from these classes can represent complex geometries using computers, they are not trained in the practical issues of the manufacturing field, such as how to understand a designer’s intent from drawings, how to apply dimensions and tolerances to a part, how to control clearances of an assembly, and how to plan the manufacturing process. We address these practical issues in the following five