White River Junctions
By Dave Norman
3.5/5
()
About this ebook
In this fascinating look at White River Junction, Dave Norman relates the history of this Vermont river town to the country at large. He puts faces, names, and anecdotes to the forces that shaped the American Century.
The village was settled at the junction of two rivers. Two railroad lines replaced the river and wagon traffic, and how, two interstates make White River three times a junction. This remarkable book looks at how the town--and America--changed through these transportation eras...and presents the lives of four locals to see how individual people are affected by technology, culture, and economics.
The first five chapters tell the town's story through histories of the railroad, a hotel, a grocery, and a bakery, and an intimate portrait of New England found on the backs of postcards. The remaining chapters introduce residents whose life stories show a town--and country--in transition while begging the question, what makes a Vermonter?
Dave Norman
Born and grew up in Southeast Texas, inspired by astrology and the aerospace industry, studied at University of Houston, Texas A&M and Prairie View ext. college. Worked for NASA in association with LBJ Space Center in Clear Lake, Tx. and the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Loves to write stories for children and poems for both kids and adults. Continue to encourage young adults to study enthusiastically in education to be successful, dream big and learn all you can about one of the greatest adventures of the world (Space Exploration).
Read more from Dave Norman
When Jesus Was a Little Boy Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFollowing Josh Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Related to White River Junctions
Related ebooks
High Orbit Hero: A Blackmailed Teen’S Struggle to Protect His Sister Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSaving the Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Kentucky and the Illinois Central Railroad Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Long Island Rail Road: A Comprehensive History: The Flushing, North Shore & Central Railroad Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSpace Action 01 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Southern Steam: January–July 1967: Countdown to Extinction Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLong Island Rail Road: Port Jefferson Branch Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBuilt to Move Millions: Streetcar Building in Ohio Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBuilding a Layout Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsUnkindest Cut, The Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsOcean Shore Railroad Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsYesterday's Buses: The Fascinating Quantock Collection Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA Century of Railway Travel Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Baltimore & Ohio Railroad's Pittsburgh Division Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDid She Fall? Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSpokane International Railway Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsIn Our Hands The Stars Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Space Action 03 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTacoma Rail Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBlack Sails, Disco Inferno Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRailroads of Rensselaer Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsReturn To Glory Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Great Northern Railway in Marias Pass Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPilentum Television: Model Railroad and Model Railway - Filmography Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRailroad Depots of Northwest Ohio Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsGreat Western: Moguls and Prairies Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsGreat Western, King Class 4-6-0s: From Construction to Withdrawal Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMud and Brass Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5
United States History For You
Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer: An Edgar Award Winner Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A People's History of the United States Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Killing the Guys Who Killed the Guy Who Killed Lincoln: A Nutty Story About Edwin Booth and Boston Corbett Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Great Reset: And the War for the World Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Just Kids: A National Book Award Winner Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Bowling Alone: Revised and Updated: The Collapse and Revival of American Community Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes: Revised and Complete Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Fourth Turning Is Here: What the Seasons of History Tell Us about How and When This Crisis Will End Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Our Kind of People: Inside America's Black Upper Class Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Book of Charlie: Wisdom from the Remarkable American Life of a 109-Year-Old Man Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/51776 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Indifferent Stars Above: The Harrowing Saga of the Donner Party Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5South to America: A Journey Below the Mason-Dixon to Understand the Soul of a Nation Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Master Slave Husband Wife: An Epic Journey from Slavery to Freedom Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Devil's Chessboard: Allen Dulles, the CIA, and the Rise of America's Secret Government Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The White Album: Essays Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Fifties Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Slouching Towards Bethlehem: Essays Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Vanderbilt: The Rise and Fall of an American Dynasty Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Killing the Mob: The Fight Against Organized Crime in America Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Benjamin Franklin: An American Life Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for White River Junctions
20 ratings8 reviews
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5As the author of this book I have a certain intimacy with it, and knowledge of all the stories that didn't go into the text. What made it in: the stories of the people, businesses, and phenomenons that built a small New England village into one of northeast's defining railroad boom towns; an inside look into how boom towns formed, and what became of so many of them as they struggled to forge new identities in the twentieth century; the human-interest angle of life stories of men and women from around the Upper Connecticut River Valley, told to give a sense of the place and the character of its people. What didn't go into it: essentially, details that put me to sleep when I read traditional history books, and some quotes that were a bit too sensational for polite printing--some Vermonters can get all fired up over the most astonishing range of topics!Please pass on your copy when you're done, giving it to a friend or family member or colleague, so that my readership may grow; it's my readers who justify the years I spend on each of my books, and expanding my readership is more important than sales. So pass on the second-hand copies, and check it out at your library, whatever it takes to see if you like my work! And if you do, please--read more, and help others discover it, too. Thanks, and good reading!
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5This book starts out well, but it is obvious that it is a first book by an author and it is not that well edited either. There is some repetition, and some clear typos that should have been caught before printing. The author writes about the very interesting history about White River Junction in Vermont, and the first part of the book focuses much on the buildings. I wish there had been some place for photos! The second half is more on the people. My main issue with a book like this is that when you write about history you better do your homework! You need to look up facts. You can't just quote some local person, like the provost of Darthmouth (or someone like that) about how many miles of rail it was in the US at a specific time, especially not when it is totally wrong. There are other major mistakes and errors in the facts related to the railroads in this book, which is unfortunate. But at the same time is a good book in trying to make a place come alive again, but this time in people's minds. I just wish it could have been more organized and fact-checked.
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5I was very pleasantly surprised by this in-depth history of a small Vermont town. Not many tiny mountain towns can claim the expansive and fascinating history Norman relates in his book. The author first explores some of the long-standing, historical buildings still able to be seen today. The railroad station that is credited with giving purpose to a town built on this plot of New England territory, a warehouse now housing a salvage shop and giving local artists room to practice their craft, and a hotel with Presidential ties that still provides rest and relaxation to weary travelers are among the spectacular locations Norman explores and pays homage to on his tour of White River Junctions. Their histories give a voice to a town that has seen more hardship and struggles than most, but continues to thrive and stand strong to educate a new generation.The second half of this book features extensive interviews with some of the town's more deeply-rooted citizens and explores what it means to be a Vermonter. His direct quotations from the interviewees keeps the stories in the voices of those they belong to rather than suffering the process of paraphrasing. Never have I heard such delightful and charming people directly from the pages of a book. They all seem to agree that close family ties, hard work, and independence are among the most treasured traits of a native Vermonter. The families represented in the town have strong military participation and honorable government involvement, aiding a belief that small town living truly brings out the best in people.I really enjoyed this book and give it four of five stars. The only improvement I would make would be the addition of maps and pictures to put faces to names and images to the author's own descriptions. Definitely a must-read for all history buffs!
- Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5I'm at that point in my life where I have a lot to read and not a lot of time to read it, so if a book does not capture my interest in some capacity by the time I'm a third of the way in, I put it down. White River Junctions unfortunately falls under that category. I say unfortunately because there is potential here. The premise, in which the author explores the buildings of an old Vermont town and ties their individual histories with the history of the area, the country, and the people who dwelled in them, is attractive, and there are moments of strong voice that keep reading interesting, but ultimately the whole attempt falls flat.White River Junctions is trying to be non-fiction, but lacks the strong research or clear thesis that would make it successful in that area. It tries to be a bit of a travelogue, or a sort of portrait of place, but the writing is not evocative enough for that. In the end it's read almost like a synopsis of oral history, which might be valuable to those with an already strong interest in the subject, but the there does not seem to be enough to get people interested by the force of this book alone.There's about a line every other page or so that holds some literary oomph, but everything in between is filler. A book that is essentially 321 pages of description needs that description to be interesting. There might be a story in White River Junctions, but it has not been drawn out properly, and so we are left with something that makes a grand gesture at depth and ends up being rather shallow.
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5I really enjoyed this book. I was a little hesitant, but it ended up being extremely interesting and I found myself wishing that railroads were still a vital part of public transportation. The author wrote very clearly, and made a subject that could be very dry into something interesting. Although sometimes the story could get boring or bogged down in detail, the author always bounced back fairly quickly.That being said, I also thought that he could get a little carried away with describing things that didn't really pertain to the story. For example, when discussing a building in which a salvage shop now resides, he spent several paragraphs talking about what they had for sale there instead of the history of the building. He could also get a little jumpy between topics, which can be pretty confusing. I felt he didn't fully explain some topics that I would have liked to have more detail about. All in all, I thought it was enjoyable, and I would recommend it to history or railroad lovers.
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5I received this book through Early Reviewers. This book was written as a series of musings on pieces of information that a Dartmouth graduate student discovered while exploring the nearby town of White River Junction, Vermont. The author discovered his information bit by bit, in postcards, interviews, 70-year-old speeches, and so on.This is really not to my taste, but I think many people will enjoy it, especially if they have spent time near White River Junction.The author does not critically evaluate his sources. If a former railroad worker says that the union ruined the railroads, then that's that. No analysis, no effort to juxtapose competing viewpoints. In 1937, the president of Dartmouth claimed that there were 23 miles of rail in the U.S. in 1830; the author simply passes this information along to us without trying to find another source to corroborate. Clearly, this was not a work of history.So -- look elsewhere for a historical account of White River Junction, or of railroads.On the other hand, if you want a "slice of life" / "musings of a romantic" account of some aspects of a small New England town, then this book probably stands out as an excellent example of that sort of book.
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Got this book on the Early Reviewer program and must say: What a great read! I'd recommend it without hesitation, and here is why:The book - for lack of a more specific term as it is not a novel, yet for a documentary a surprisingly personal account - is exploring the history of a little town in Vermont that once was at the junction of two railroad lines. In fact, White River Junction's history was shaped by it being at the junction of first, two rivers, then, two railway lines, and now, two interstates - hence the title "White River JunctionS". The content of the book was the author's Master's Degree work that turned into much more than "just" a College paper. His "encounter" with this little town truly made the past come alive for Mr Dave Norman. The style and language of the book are really captivating. Truth be told, I very much dislike crude language, and if an author can't write any different than he or she would talk in a casual conversation, I don't find much pleasure in their work. This author knows how to talk to the reader in a manner that makes it difficult for you to put the book down, even though there is no suspense to keep you hooked. It's just the way he takes you on his journey through time: You feel like you are visiting the places he visits, meet the people he meets, and the places and people come alive for his reader as much as for him, on every page.If you are interested in history, people and places, and if you miss the railroad - even if only a little bit - you will like this book, I am quite certain.
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5In "White River Junction," Dave Norman describes his encounter with a small town in Vermont. His in-depth look at its history is vivid since he truly walks, touches, even smells its past.In addition to his scrutiny of artifacts he interviews (and listens carefully) to four residents. His curiosity and patience combine to provide information worth sharing with his readers. I was especially pleased to read Harold Wright's account of the German occupation of the Channel Islands (WW 2) since I knew about it from reading "The Gurnsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society" and "The Book of Ebenezer LePage."Norman's historical facts come from old magazines he encountered as he wandered through a hotel that merges the past and present, from a collection of old postcards, and from the interviews.
Book preview
White River Junctions - Dave Norman
White River Junctions
White River Junctions
Copyright © 2012 by Dave Norman. All US and international rights reserved.
2nd Edition
Published by f/64 Publishing at Smashwords
This is a work of nonfiction. All resemblance of facts, locations, and subjects to fictionalized creations is strictly accidental.
We founded f/64 Publishing to promote crisp, clear storytelling that captures those details essential to understanding a subject. Like making a photographic exposure at f/64, this takes time and strategy...and can result in breathtaking work. The company is named in honor of the association of photographers co-founded by Ansel Adams: Group f.64.
f/64 Publishing
60 Wellwood Rd | Portland, ME 04103 USA
www.f64publishing.com
www.whiteriverjunctions.com
Book design, cover design, and layout copyright © 2012 by Dave Norman. All rights reserved.
1. History-Regional-New England
2. Biography
3. Dave Norman-Essays
Print Book ISBN 13:978-0-9831858-0-2
Written and published in the USA
Ebook License Statement
This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your exclusive use, then please visit Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author. The small fee for each download of this ebook, and the sales bump from your purchase, means a lot to the author!
For Joe Pogar, Dot Jones, Harold Wright,
and Larry Chase
Also Available from f/64 Publishing
Leading Jake
Following Josh
A Small Town Celebration
Mumma, Can You Hear Me?
Contents
Foreword
The Town
Glory Days of the Railroad
Treasure Hunting in Civilization's Parts Department
Caught Between Eras: Discovering the Hotel Coolidge
History in the Mail
After the Empire
The People
Harold Wright: On the Verge of All Things New
Larry Chase: A Big Frog in a Small Puddle
Dot Jones: In A Vermont State of Mind
Joe Pogar: The Older the Fiddle, the Sweeter the Music
Acknowledgements
Sources
Foreword
I was hungry and the local restaurants knew me a little too well, so I drove west across the Connecticut River to a town I'd never visited before: White River Junction, Vermont, where my epicurean adventure went awry.
That's because in 2004 there were only two restaurants in the little village that were open of an evening. Being a stranger, I couldn't find either of them. What I found, alone on autumn-darkened streets, was much more important.
* * * * *
South Main Street is a one-way affair that curves around the Gates Block, past the entrance to the Hotel Coolidge, past the former Post Office, and out of town through what used to be called the Italian Section.
Most of the lights were out; the town was dark and cold. I walked down the middle of the street without disrupting any traffic whatsoever.
The storefronts looked hollow and vacant, and the buildings--beautiful brick buildings, one made of granite blocks with wrought iron, all heavy with the weight of history--had the look of museum pieces. They looked important, but I didn't feel that I could touch them...or gain anything by trying, each one's history theirs alone and as remote as artifacts in glass cases.
Where had all the people gone? Why were the buildings, so large and important-looking, so quiet and dark? Was the town abandoned, or waiting to be filled?
As I walked the wrong way up the middle of South Main Street, hoping in vain to find a burger joint, I remembered a painful conversation with a college freshman earlier that day. I was a graduate student at the time, barely older than him, yet we had little in common. Our references seemed a generation apart. Then I made the mistake of trying to give him advice.
He didn't hear a word I said; he just stared blankly ahead as if I was speaking Chinese to the clouds. It was a look I recognized--the same one I wore on family trips to see old relatives. I couldn't relate to their lives, any more than I could relate to the plain facts and dull writing in history textbooks. It was all pre me.
Pre Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles®, which is year zero so far as my life is concerned.
Reality, you see, did not exist before I was born.
Maybe you can relate.
But then there are dinosaur bones, and my grandfather's scars, and my dad's pocketknife from when he was a boy, all these things which suggest that maybe life did exist before me.
That conversation with the freshman, though... Couldn't he see that I had already been where he was, and might have learned a thing or two about it?
Still, he shut me out, just as I shut out most of the world before my time. But there, on the street in White River Junction, it felt as if history for once was the one alienating me from its conversation. The vacant façades looked like backs turned towards me.
Which was the point when I realized that I could see my life as mere history to others, doomed to be abstracted into a cold remoteness until the me
is gone from it forever, or I could see history as a collection of lives like mine--the beautiful and meaningful lives of other people, and even places and ideas. Then the town around me filled with voices thankful to be heard.
I understood that buildings have histories, just like I do; that ideas have lifecycles and succeed or fail just like people. Perhaps in the stories of lives already lived, generations come and gone, I might find some guidance for those big questions I ask.
Perish the thought, I might learn something!
But the epiphany I had in the middle of that darkened street was about more than seeing the essential value of history...it was about feeling personally connected to it, if I just recognize the humanity of those who've gone before me and listen, really listen, to the whispers in the air.
At the least, history might explain why I couldn't find a burger in what seemed like a once-thriving town.
So I took a new look around White River Junction and saw the same stoic buildings and dark, lifeless windows in brand new terms: as books to read by the light of morning. As keepers of stories, life stories like mine--histories made real. It was a true revelation.
* * * * *
This book began as work for my Master's Degree at Dartmouth College, just a few miles by canoe north of White River Junction. The more I learned about the town, the more I came to see its story as a beautiful illustration of American history--an abstract concept, to be sure, but one that made increasing sense as I linked local events to national ones. Touring the buildings, meeting old railroad men, feeling the cracks in the brick, made the past come alive for me...and then it started to truly make sense.
In the 1800s the railroad turned wild western outposts into boomtowns...as it did to White River Junction here in Vermont. The culture of celebration, war-wealth, and hope that came out of World War I set the country up for the Great Depression...whose effects I had read about in broad terms, but heard about firsthand from several of the men I interviewed. The suffragettes of the Women's Liberation Movement made national headlines, while local gym teacher Dorothy Mock worked to get girl's high school athletic teams equal opportunities as those for the boys. Joe Pogar played fiddle in speakeasies during Prohibition.
I had read about all this before, idly turning the pages without much sinking in...it was all too abstract. But here, in White River Junction--this tiny village not many people outside New England have ever heard of--I saw how the railroad transformed the streets I walked and the buildings I toured, heard firsthand stories of great fires, found the kind of touchstones that make history first accessible, and then meaningful.
Which is why I turned that initial research into this book--to present a little Vermont town on a humble stage where you can watch some of the biggest ideas from the last century and a half play out...and actually get something out of it. I did.
So welcome to White River Junction, the way I found it during my research (from 2005 to 2007), and the way it came to be...
the
Town
Glory Days of the Railroad
Dawn breaks this morning over White River Junction, Vermont, with mountain fog rolling through the town along the railroad right-of-way. I walk between two glistening steel rails, silver-topped from dew and polished from a century and a half in service. The ties beneath my feet are a short pace apart, the heavy, creosote-soaked wood pushed flush with the gravel. My plomp, plomp along the tracks sets a rhythm like the clack, clack of wheels as I walk south through the north yard, nearing the fifth incarnation of their Union Station--past the faded memories on worn buildings; towards the glory days of the railroad.
Buttery mountain sunshine makes the trees and buildings glow--the former to my left, the latter to my right as I walk between the rails. I pass the Tip Top Building with the pockmarked and faded Tip Top Bakery advertisement painted on red bricks. The girl in the ad peeks into a plastic bag of Tip Top Enriched White Bread,
her words--It's like opening the ___ to a bakery
--interrupted by a window cut into the wall. The Tip Top Bakery closed decades ago. Walking deeper south, the logo of the Ward Baking Company--painted farther down the long Tip Top Building--advertises a business that folded even earlier. I am on my way to the railroad station to meet Chris McKinley, the building's self-described volunteer agent and honorary historian.
A hundred years ago I could not have walked here for all the trains barreling through from somewhere; today the rails are quiet, trains passing hours apart and leaving me safe to wander their tracks past long-quiet loading docks. A few days ago I interviewed Mike Farnsworth and Howard Logan, two gentlemen who worked for the Boston and Maine line. Howard gave me a good history of the railroad, Mike filled in the details, and they pointed out a few good books. I've met with the curator of the Main Street Museum in the old firehouse on Bridge Street, David Fairbanks Ford, who explained how that old bakery in the Tip Top Building was so intrinsically tied to the rail yard...and the fate of White River Junction. Their voices murmur in the back of my mind, just under the plomp, plomp as I continue onwards to meet with Chris.
White River Junction's story is that of the railroad, two wars, the Great Depression, and other things I need to learn--and care--more about before I can really understand the town...before I can really understand how communities are made, lost, and rebuilt. The history of the railroad here is the same as in so many small mountain villages, from Vermont to Colorado, plains communities like my hometown in Illinois, and the places in between; learning about one place helps me understand many more. Mike pointed that out.
This steel road leads me past an antique furniture store, between piles of spikes and tracks and fasteners rusting and crumbling into the gravel, beyond the charred basement hole of a building recently burned, under a modern sign that says Railroad Row,
onwards south--south towards the station and back through time more than one hundred fifty years.
* * * * *
This was once a wide spot on an Indian trail that settlers came to call Lyman's Point. It was a place where you could put in a canoe or raft and cross to the east, or to the northern section of the Province of New York--later called the Republic of Vermont, and now called, simply, Vermont. Lyman's Point was at the confluence of what also came to be known as the Connecticut and White Rivers, along which lumberjacks and river men flowed logs from lumber camps up north on their ways ever south to paper and lumber mills. The settlement grew very slowly, aided by footbridges that spanned the White River, and gained the name White River Village.
The truly intrepid could canoe--as John Ledyard famously did in or around 1773--from that region south as far as Long Island Sound, and by such means access the ocean if they didn't mind a number of portages. Sources indicate there was a certain amount of river traffic, of the canoe type with some flat-bottom barges, that plied stretches of the Connecticut River, and larger craft farther south. When it froze in the winter, horses could be ridden up and down the ice.
But then the rails transformed America, and connected the village all the way west to California and south to the Gulf of Mexico. Fast, reliable freight and passenger service shrank the distance between towns, making the village a neighbor to cities throughout the United States. People and material came in from everywhere, goods could be sent out anywhere, and a new era dawned.
But first, the railroad had to get there...
* * * * *
In 1830 there were twenty-three miles of railroad track in the entire country, according to former Dartmouth College president E.M. Hopkins in a 1938 speech. Along their twin rails chugged massive steam-powered, wood-fed locomotives that each pulled fewer than ten forty-foot, wood-side boxcars. Then miles of track were added and steam powered trains improved, establishing a bold new concept in shipping and transportation that sparked wild speculation across the country. When workers drove the final iron spike into the Albany-Schenectady Railroad through New York in 1831, rumors blossomed about a railway connecting the port cities with Montreal via Vermont. Speculators convened in Windsor, Vermont, in 1836 to discuss a rail line through the Connecticut River Valley.
A survey team charted a course north through what was then called White River Village, a tiny cluster of buildings south of Hartford and just below the confluence of the White and Connecticut rivers. The crew reported their survey in Boston on November 10th, 1844: such a line was possible.
The railroad would mean new jobs for Vermonters, new income for the state, and new opportunities for businesses isolated by the rigors of overland mountain travel. Also, the railroad could bring more heating fuel (coal) to the region, and take lumber away to mills in markets far from the Connecticut River log drives. For Boston, a rail line through Vermont meant access to Green Mountain timber, Canadian markets, and rural markets--for agricultural goods, paper and lumber form the inland mills, wool and other goods--in an ever-expanding network through New England. With the assistance of well-heeled speculators, Vermont legislators and business-men drafted a charter to create the Connecticut River Railroad Company; it was signed in the Vermont capital on November 5th, 1845.
Two businesses built the railroad through Vermont: the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railroad Company operated the northern section, towards Canada and Lake Champlain, and the Connecticut River Railroad Company operated the southern section, connecting with other New England railways. The division between them was roughly halfway through Vermont: White River Village.
Construction began in 1846 after a ground breaking ceremony in Windsor. The first tracks through White River Village were put down near Nutt Lane. From there the lines grew north through the neighboring village of Hartford, pushing forty feet of rail at a time through valleys and over rivers, northwest through Sharon, Royalton, Bethel, towards the capital in Montpelier. The line grew south towards Windsor more slowly, then along a prescribed track through part of New Hampshire before coming back across the river at Bellows Falls. Every year brought ten or twelve miles of fresh track, the clearing crews working to open the forests for the leveling crews, who built right-of-ways for the track laying crews, who settled stout, square timbers firmly into the soil and fastened across their coarse backs the steel rails of progress.
Comprised largely of immigrants, these crews faced difficult working conditions in the best of weather, and incredible discomfort when the short summers turned into chilly autumns. Production continued as long, and started as early, as nature allowed.
The work was hard and dangerous, but especially so for Phineas Gage. Born in Lebanon, New Hampshire--across the Connecticut from White River Junction--he contributed to both the Vermont railroad and medical science. In 1848 he was working near Cavendish, tamping gunpowder into a hole to blast some rocks out of the rail bed. No one poured sand on top of the powder, as was customary, so sparks made by his steel tamping rod ignited it. The three foot long rod shot out of the hole and completely through his head, pinning man and legacy into the medical record books; he lived, but wasn't quite the same person anymore. His accident was not without precedent, but his recovery--and the change in his personality--was so remarkable that he has a permanent place in modern psychology: the man who lost his frontal lobes, and then ran away to drive a stagecoach in Chile.
Though it nearly killed Phineas, the difficult work brought welcome opportunities for thousands of men...and not only Vermonters. Howard Logan, the Boston and Maine mechanic I met, told me all about the men who laid the tracks. They were old men when he was a boy, but he knew them; as a man, he worked the lines they built so long ago. The history and lore got into his blood, making him a true Yankee railroad man.
A lot of Italians were hired to build the railroads,
he said. Some of the immigrants would sneak into the country and work for nothing, 'cause that was more than they had back home. That was the kind of help they could get. They appreciated an opportunity, and grabbed a hold of it and worked their butts off.
They built the future as they laid the tracks, constructing new lives for themselves while opening a new world for native Vermonters. When railroad work ran out, some moved on and others stayed, as happens when any major industry shifts. Those who remained found other jobs, establishing their ties to the community. They grew up through the years,
Howard said. They were police chiefs and lawyers, and everything else.
Everything else, like cooks on the rail crews, grocery store owners and restaurateurs. I smell bread baking at C&S Pizza, just a block away on South Main Street, and for a moment I wonder if Chris would like to catch a very early lunch. He stands on the platform, pouring over the timetable he maintains. Amtrak trains pause to board passengers who pre-purchased their tickets online; the ticket window in a little anteroom just off the platform is covered over from the inside, and hasn't been manned in years. Trains don't generally stop here any longer. As honorary historian, Chris keeps these records--what time the trains roll through, the type and number of locomotives, how many cars they pull--largely for himself.
These trains don't interest me much. The locomotives are yellow and dingy, burning diesel fuel instead of coal, and pull rusted steel cars in mile long, repetitive trains; but he loves them. I'm more interested in the steam engines, that romantic notion of a coal-black locomotive pulling a train clackity-clackity-clack through the mountains with a hoo-hoo whistle and bright red boxcars. He shows me the hand-marked timetables for this week's trains; I explain how I was just thinking about the very first ones.
The very first one, he said, was the Abigail Adams: a wood burning steam locomotive that followed the workers along the rails as they laid them. That big, black engine built the railroad,
Chris says. She pulled cars loaded with picks, shovels, adzes, ties, spikes, tracks...everything the workers needed that they couldn't fashion onsite. While she crawled the tracks with supplies, working with the men out there in the wilderness, a different engine claimed the glory for opening the line.
Passengers climbed aboard the first commercial run on Monday morning, June 26th, 1848, for a ride northwest to Bethel. Pulled by the steam engine named Winooski, those first passengers rode for twenty-five miles, stepping onto the platform and into the annals of history. Two weeks later, on Monday, July 10th, the first freight train pulled out of White River Junction. Some consider the official opening of the Central Vermont Railroad services to have come on June 20th, 1849, with the inaugural trip from White River Junction all the way to the state capital in Montpelier. The Governor himself greeted that train. Each year the tracks connected new mountain hamlets, opening them to travel and trade and changing many in the same ways they changed White River Junction. Everything went in increments,
I remember Howard saying about the steady progress, just like the roads: another fourteen miles, another ten miles, and then there'd be big celebrations.
Those were the days of brass bands and governors kissing babies. The railroad was coming to town--celebrate! And celebrate they did, all throughout Vermont; all throughout the latter 1800s.
White River Junction, at the intersection of two rivers, two eras, two rail lines, and growing daily, needed a station. The Connecticut River Railroad Company, just after rail service began, bought land between the tracks and the river. They signed the deed on September 8th, 1848, and began construction by importing sand in great quantities--their deed bought several acres of swampland. Construction followed the designs of Ammi B. Young, a celebrated architect born across the river in Phineas Gage's old hometown. If you ever noticed how the Boston Customs House, Montpelier capital building, two Dartmouth College buildings, and the original White River Union Station kind of look like cousins, that's why--same guy. Young pioneered the use of iron extensively in construction, and he used local materials--such as Barre granite in the Montpelier capitol--to create classic Italianate and Revival details.
Even if you haven't seen Young's buildings, you probably have seen his work: the US Treasury Department's symbol of a fist holding a key. Now consider that he was hired to design the train station in a small village in the Green Mountains, and you see the importance the state of Vermont placed on their railroad.
Everything about the early railroad was grand, from the sheer size of the steel locomotives and the cars they towed to the clacks and roars they made steaming down the tracks. Locomotives stood taller than people, the size of some buildings, crossing ties it took two men to lift. Canoes, small barges, and later riverboats (on the southern stretches of the Connecticut) moved loads downriver; horses towed buggies and coaches; but then came these trains that moved wood and steel boxcars the size of cabins. The unprecedented sight was over-whelming, as if the very future