I was surrounded by hundreds, maybe thousands of pieces of pre-Columbian gold artefacts. Gleaming shapes representing jaguars, snakes, condors and all manner of anthropomorphic figures stared blankly at me, fixed side by side on a huge circular display. It created an effect akin to being inside a gargantuan golden temple. This was what the El Dorado of my imagination looked like, echoing the fantasies of European visitors down the ages, who once flocked to the Americas in search of a mythical city of gold.
Yet this was 2022 and I wasn’t lost in some far-flung jungle, but admiring one of the central halls of the Museo del Oro in Bogotá, Colombia’s renowned Museum of Gold. It holds an impressive collection of over 60,000 pieces, making it the largest cultural institution dedicated to gold metallurgy in the world. As I wandered its displays with Maria de la Paz, conservator at the museum, I mentioned my visions of glittering cities.
“There is a strong connection between the museum and the legend of El Dorado, but it is not quite what you think,” she corrected. “There are many real-life links to the legend across the Americas, but the most historically accurate origin story comes from Bogotá’s broader region and its indigenous people, the Muisca.”
The Muisca inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in around 1000 BC, but the peak of their cultural powers didn’t arrive until after the 7th
