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LOS ANGELES — The breathing problems began when Ulises Flores was 13 years old. Air struggled to pass through his nose, and he suffered frequent headaches. A doctor said his nostrils and sinuses were swollen, likely because of air pollution at his home in Wilmington, which hugs the fence line of the Phillips 66 oil refinery. Growing up, Flores realized he wasn't alone: Neighbors in his ...
An aerial view of homes in Wilmington, California, that are next to refineries, on March 14, 2022.

LOS ANGELES — The breathing problems began when Ulises Flores was 13 years old.

Air struggled to pass through his nose, and he suffered frequent headaches. A doctor said his nostrils and sinuses were swollen, likely because of air pollution at his home in Wilmington, which hugs the fence line of the Phillips 66 oil refinery.

Growing up, Flores realized he wasn't alone: Neighbors in his community that is 87% Latino were being diagnosed with asthma, others with cancer. Many children would get nosebleeds, and strange odors would fill the air.

"The most basic thing in this human life is clean air — we can't even get that," said 23-year-old Flores as he watched columns of steam rise from the refinery's towers.

Since about the time Flores began experiencing

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