Dr. John Krystal is Chair of Psychiatry at Yale School of Medicine. He is best known for leading the discovery of the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, which paved the way for the first major new antidepressant drug in decades. Here, Dr. Krystal talks about what we’ve learned in the five years since esketamine nasal spray was approved by the FDA, including efforts to predict treatment response, dosage and frequency, safety, and long-term impact. He also discusses advances in our understanding of alcohol use disorder and weighs in on the search for psychiatric biomarkers.00:00 Introduction01:01 Dr. Krystal's Research Journey03:32 What We’ve Learned Since Esketamine’s FDA Approval05:59 Avoiding Misuse of Ketamine08:11 Optimizing Dosage and Understanding Effects16:25 Predicting Treatment Outcomes24:17 Comparing Ketamine to Psychedelics25:48 Understanding Alcohol Use Disorder and Treatment Innovations32:33 Precision Psychiatry and Personalized Treatment Approaches39:49 Role of Biomarkers in Psychiatry41:03 Reflecting on the Future of Psychiatric Research and TreatmentVisit our website for more insights on psychiatry.Podcast producer: Jon Earle