Emergencies happen in hematology and oncology. This is a fact. But how do we manage these emergencies? Look no further. In this episode, we talk all about our fourth hematologic emergency: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP):- Be sure to check out episode 009 on thrombocytopenia for a general approach and differential!- New anemia and thrombocytopenia should raise concerns for TTP! Workup: - Peripheral smear - concern for schistocytes. Look at this first! Example of these cells from ASH image bank here- ADAMTS13 level - always draw ASAP before any intervention- Repeat CBC- Reticulocyte count - will have elevated retic count- Citrated platelet count - CMP- PT, PTT, INR- Fibrinogen- Haptoglobin - LDH- Viral serologies Clinical manifestations: - Fever, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal (AKI), Altered Mental Status- If you see this - the patient is in bad shapeMechanism:- Tiny blood clots form in the body, causing platelet shearing- Loss of ADAMTS13 - This protein normally is responsible for chopping up von Willebrand’s factor (vWF)- In the absence of ADAMTS13, vWF multimers are extra long, therefore interacting with platelets/collagen more and causing activation of platelets and clotting system- This causes red blood cell shearing due to small vessel microthrombi (brain, kidneys, heart)- Cytokine release causes fevers Management:- Do not reflexively transfuse platelets; can make situation worse - PLASMIC Score: helps to stratify likelihood of TTP; MDCalc link (https://www.mdcalc.com/plasmic-score-ttp)Treatment: - Plasma exchange: replacing ADATMS13-deficient plasma with ADAMTS13-rich plasma- This is different than plasmapheresis, where we replace plasma with albumin- Steroids: 1mg/kg prednisone daily to stop auto-antibody (against ADAMTS13) production- Confirm with ADAMTS13 levels; if <10%, this is confirmatory. This is why this is the FIRST step that we just send off as soon as TTP is suspected - IF YOU DON’T HAVE ACCESS TO PLASMA EXCHANGE: can administer FFP until you can get them to a center than can do plasma exchange - Caplacizumab: reserved for patients with severe neurological dysfunction, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Check out the NEJM paper on this (below)!Microangioathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA): - Umbrella term for red blood cells shearing in the small blood vessels; TTP is one example of a MAHAReferences:https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/129/21/2836/36273/Thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura - great review article from ASH on TTPhttps://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1806311 - NEJM paper on caplacizumab Please visit our website (TheFellowOnCall.com) for more information Twitter: @TheFellowOnCallInstagram: @TheFellowOnCallListen in on: Apple Podcast, Spotify, and Google Podcast