ASCO: You’re listening to a podcast from Cancer.Net. This cancer information website is produced by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, known as ASCO, the world’s leading professional organization for doctors who care for people with cancer. The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Cancer research discussed in this podcast is ongoing, so the data described here may change as research progresses. Brielle Gregory Collins: Hi, everyone. I'm Brielle Gregory Collins, a member of the Cancer.Net Content Team, and I'll be your host for today's Cancer.Net podcast. Cancer.Net is the patient information website of ASCO, the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Today, we're going to be talking about genetic conditions linked to kidney cancer and what people with these conditions should know about genetic counseling. Our guests are Dr. Brian Shuch and Lauren Bear. Dr. Brian Shuch is the director of the Kidney Cancer Program at UCLA Health in Los Angeles, California. He is also 1 of the specialty editors for genitourinary cancers at Cancer.Net. Thanks for joining us today, Dr. Shuch. Dr. Brian Shuch: Great. Thanks for having me. Brielle Gregory Collins: Also joining us is Lauren Bear. Lauren Bear is the lead genetic counselor at the Familial Renal Cell Carcinoma and VHL Disease Clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Thanks for joining us today, Ms. Bear. Lauren Bear: Thank you so much for having me. Brielle Gregory Collins: Before we begin, we should mention that Dr. Shuch and Ms. Bear do not have any relationships to disclose related to this podcast, but you can find their full disclosure statements on Cancer.Net. Now to start, Dr. Shuch, what is the definition of a genetic or inherited condition? Dr. Brian Shuch: Really, this is any condition that would develop that is really strongly influenced by somebody's genes that they would inherit from a family member. But there are lots of kind of complex definitions we can go into, but really anything that develops directly influenced or modulated by their genes that they inherit. Brielle Gregory Collins: Thank you for defining that. And how are genetic conditions diagnosed? Dr. Brian Shuch: So there are different ways, obviously, with the ability to have DNA sequencing done at a fraction of the cost from 10, 20 years ago, we can quickly and effectively sequence somebody's genes. But there are some times where we see patients that they have clinical features of a particular syndrome. And we have given patients a clinical diagnosis of that condition and follow them the same way if they meet some pre-specified criteria. But not every condition actually has a clinical diagnostic criteria. Brielle Gregory Collins: And getting into those specific conditions a little bit, briefly, what are some of the most common genetic conditions that are linked to kidney cancer? Dr. Brian Shuch: So there are about 18 different genes, which when inherited with a damaged copy, you potentially will have some increased risk. Some of them are the well characterized ones, which everyone is familiar with that have been around for decades. Most commonly, people are familiar with Von Hippel-Lindau, which has been described now about 100 years ago, but there are other conditions too. Birt-Hogg-Dubé, which is another common 1. The 1 that I study, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell, we actually believe is the most common 1 based on newer data. But other ones, such as hereditary papillary renal cell, there's a bunch of ones linked to a hereditary paraganglioma syndrome called STH. But we have plenty of new and emerging conditions, and we