ASCO: You’re listening to a podcast from Cancer.Net. This cancer information website is produced by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, known as ASCO, the world’s leading professional organization for doctors who care for people with cancer. The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Cancer research discussed in this podcast is ongoing, so the data described here may change as research progresses. In the Research Round Up series, members of the Cancer.Net Editorial Board discuss the most exciting and practice-changing research in their field and explain what it means for people with cancer. In today’s podcast, 4 Cancer.Net Specialty Editors discuss new research in prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers presented at the 2021 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, and 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting. This episode has been adapted from the recording of a live Cancer.Net webinar, held June 16th, 2021, and led by Dr. Neeraj Agarwal, Dr. Tian Zhang, Dr. Petros Grivas, and Dr. Timothy Gilligan. Dr. Agarwal directs the Genitourinary Oncology Program at the Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah. Dr. Grivas is the clinical director of the Genitourinary Cancers Program at University of Washington Medicine. He is also an associate member of the clinical research division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Dr. Zhang is an associate professor of medicine at Duke University School of Medicine and is a medical oncologist at Duke Cancer Institute. Dr. Gilligan is an Associate Professor and Medical Oncologist at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute. Full disclosures for Dr. Agarwal, Dr. Grivas, Dr. Zhang, and Dr. Gilligan are available at Cancer.Net. Greg Guthrie: So today, let's introduce our participants. First we have Dr. Neeraj Agarwal of Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah and the Cancer.Net Specialty Editor for Prostate Cancer. Next we have Dr. Petros Grivas from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington. He is the Specialty Editor for Cancer.Net for Bladder Cancer. Next we have Dr. Tian Zhang of Duke Cancer Institute. And she's our Cancer.Net Specialty Editor for Kidney Cancer. And last, we have Dr. Timothy Gilligan. He is with the Cleveland Clinical Taussig Cancer Institute and the Specialty Editor for Testicular Cancer. So to start off, we'll have Dr. Agarwal talking about prostate cancer. Dr. Agarwal: Thank you, Greg. It's such a privilege and honor to be here discussing these studies. So I would like to start with the first study, which was led by Dr. Stephen Freedland, a urologist at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles and was co-authored by me, Dr. Dan George, and many others. And here in this study, we present the utilization of therapies, which are associated and known to be associated with very significant, in fact, I would say dramatic improvement in overall survival, as shown by multiple randomized control trials over the period of the last 5 to 6 years. Just to take a step back for the audience, until 2014, standard treatment for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer or newly diagnosed metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer used to be androgen deprivation therapy. And combining androgen deprivation therapy with those medications which were approved in the castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer setting. So basically, using those drugs upfront led to dramatic improvement in overall survival with 33% to 35% reduction in risk of death across those clinical trials. So we actually wanted to look at the real-world utilization, so look at the real-world users of these med