Back on the podcast with me today is Physical Therapist and Certified Strength and Conditioning Coach Zac Cupples. When it comes to physiology, movement and biomechanics, Zac is among the best and has become an invaluable resource to me and many of our clients. He offers online movement consultation, mentoring, and fitness training, with expertise in the areas of rehab, training, nutrition, sleep, stress management, breathing, pain, and sports science. ​On this podcast, Zac and I are talking about the impact of mouth and face structure on breathing, sleeping, and overall health. Zac discusses some of the causes of abnormal facial development, and the problems that result, including sleep disorders, crowded and crooked teeth, and worsened athletic performance. He also describes the best way to assess for breathing problems at night and offers some tips for prevention and intervention. Here’s the outline of this interview with Zac Cupples: [00:01:15] Utilizing breathing to enhance movement. [00:05:10] Abel Romero; Podcast: How to Avoid Chronic Pain, Improve Mobility and Feel 100% Confident in Your Lifting. [00:06:59] Mike T. Nelson's Flex Diet Podcast: S2_EP_23_Cranial Face Structures, Nasal Breathing, Orthodontics, Tongue Position, and More Unlikely Performance Limiters: Interview with Zac Cupples. [00:08:53] Kevin Boyd’s Amazing Shrinking Face presentation. [00:10:17] Tongue and lip tie (picture). [00:14:39] Dr. Joseph Sanelli; Dr. Soroush Zaghi; Dr. Brian Hockel. [00:15:55] Book: Six-Foot Tiger, Three-Foot Cage: Take Charge of Your Health by Taking Charge of Your Mouth, by Dr. Felix Liao DDS. [00:18:33] Latera nasal implant. [00:21:07] Dr. Movahed. [00:27:25] When you should do a sleep study. [00:29:12] Pulse oximeter vs. sleep study. [00:29:28] WatchPAT / WatchPAT One; Study: Yuceege, Melike, et al. "Reliability of the Watch-PAT 200 in detecting sleep apnea in highway bus drivers." Journal of clinical sleep medicine 9.4 (2013): 339-344. [00:29:39] Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI). [00:30:01] Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI). [00:30:39] Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome vs. sleep apnea. [00:34:22] Risks of untreated sleep apnea. [00:37:35] Measuring progress. [00:38:53] i-Sleep Home Sleep Solutions in Reno (use HST10 discount code for 10% off). [00:39:31] Lofta at-home sleep study. [00:40:28] Book:  Jaws: The Story of a Hidden Epidemic, by Sandra Kahn and Paul R. Ehrlich. [00:40:42] Book: Gasp!: Airway Health - The Hidden Path To Wellness, by Dr. Michael Gelb. [00:42:07] Factors leading to airway problems. [00:44:24] Book: Nutrition and Physical Degeneration: A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects, by Weston A Price. [00:45:38] Dental intervention for children. [00:47:05] Finding an orthodontist. [00:47:19] Podcast: Airway Dentistry with Dr. Brian Hockel. [00:49:14] Academy of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (AOMT). [00:50:20] Daniel Lieberman books: Exercised and The Story of the Human Body. [00:50:47] Book: Burn by Herman Pontzer; Podcast: How We Really Burn Calories, Lose Weight, and Stay Healthy. [00:58:41] Elevate Sports Performance and Health Care, Las Vegas NV. [00:59:28] zaccupples.com; YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram.