In verse (20) Now Shri Krishna describes how we fall into the trap of samsaara, the cycle of birth and death. In many respects, this topic is a continuation of the discussion of higher and lower Prakriti from the seventh chapter. Let us quickly recap …. We learned about two aspects of Ishvara, the lower and the higher. The lower nature comprises the five elements plus the mind, ego, and intellect. The higher nature comprises the life-giving force which is also the experience, the subject. In this manner, Ishvara is established as the ultimate cause of the universe. 

In verse (21) the Lord shows the jiva's connection with Prakriti. Material nature is the creator of various species of bodies. Each of these bodies functions in a certain way and thus can provide the ability to enjoy or suffer. The body of an ant, and the body of Brahma, though both the product of material nature, offer vastly different avenues to function and enjoy. However, in itself, the body is inert and incapable of any action or feelings. It's the living entity residing in the body that is actually experiencing happiness and suffering. 

In the previous verse, Shri Krishna explained that the puruṣh (soul) is responsible for the experience of pleasure and pain. Now, He explains how this is so. Considering the body to be the self, the soul energizes it into an activity that is directed at enjoying bodily pleasures. Since the body is made of Maya, it seeks to enjoy the material energy that is made of the three modes (guṇas)—mode of goodness, mode of passion, and mode of ignorance.
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