Introduction to Acoustics
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About this ebook
The following topics are presented in this book:
introduction to waves and their properties
acoustic waves
human acoustics and phonometric systems
room acoustics and hints of building acoustic design
Simone Malacrida
Simone Malacrida (1977) Ha lavorato nel settore della ricerca (ottica e nanotecnologie) e, in seguito, in quello industriale-impiantistico, in particolare nel Power, nell'Oil&Gas e nelle infrastrutture. E' interessato a problematiche finanziarie ed energetiche. Ha pubblicato un primo ciclo di 21 libri principali (10 divulgativi e didattici e 11 romanzi) + 91 manuali didattici derivati. Un secondo ciclo, sempre di 21 libri, è in corso di elaborazione e sviluppo.
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Introduction to Acoustics - Simone Malacrida
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction to Acoustics
INTRODUCTION
THE WAVES
HUMAN ACOUSTIC
APPLIED ACOUSTIC
Introduction to Acoustics
Introduction to Acoustics
SIMONE MALACRIDA
The following topics are presented in this book:
introduction to waves and their properties
acoustic waves
human acoustics and phonometric systems
room acoustics and hints of building acoustic design
Simone Malacrida (1977)
Engineer and writer, has worked on research, finance, energy policy and industrial plants.
ANALYTICAL INDEX
––––––––
INTRODUCTION
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I – THE WAVES
Definitions
Wave equation
Waves on a rope
Sound waves in a gas
harmonic waves
Fourier series decomposition
Spherical waves
Wave properties
Standing waves e
––––––––
II - HUMAN ACOUSTIC
Ear um no
Phonometry
––––––––
III - APPLIED ACOUSTICS
Sound absorbing materials
Environmental acoustics
The noise
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
This book presents a broad overview of acoustic phenomena, starting from the physical foundations, given by the properties of waves.
The mathematical and physical characteristics of the waves are analysed, especially as regards the acoustic ones, which require a means of propagation.
Subsequently, a detailed description of the human ear and how our body perceives and processes sounds will be provided, to then move on to phonometric and acoustic measurement systems.
Finally, all aspects of applied acoustics will not be forgotten, from the choice of sound-absorbing materials to the design of rooms with particular acoustics, passing through practical and empirical cases.
A final mention will be dedicated to noise abatement.
To understand this manual, it is necessary to have mathematical pre-requisites based on mathematical analysis, especially as regards Fourier series, the concepts of integral and differential equation.
I
THE WAVES
THE WAVES
Definitions
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A wave is a perturbation, periodic or impulsive, which propagates with a defined speed.
The waves originate from a source that produces the disturbance.
There are many types of waves: waves of mechanical origin, such as elastic waves (eg sound waves in a gas), or seismic waves generated in earthquakes, or waves on the surface of a liquid.
All these types of waves can only propagate in the presence of a medium and are generated by the vibration of a source which sets the particles of the surrounding medium in motion.
Then there are the electromagnetic waves, generated by a motion of electric charges; for their propagation they do not need the support of a medium, but they can also propagate in a vacuum.
Although the wave propagates in a medium, there is no net transport of matter: the atoms or molecules of the medium are set in motion and oscillate around equilibrium positions.
Instead, the wave carries momentum and energy.
The wave is described as the perturbation, with respect to the equilibrium configuration, of an appropriate field; the field can be scalar (eg pressure field for sound waves), or vectorial (eg electromagnetic field for electromagnetic waves).
We describe the field perturbation as a function of the spatial coordinates x, y, z, and time t.
This function can be periodic or impulsive .
However, if it has to account for a phenomenon that moves with speed v , the