Sri Lanka Island of Resplendence - A Concise History

By Oriental Publishing

Embark on a journey through time as this book presents a concise history of Sri Lanka, a nation rich in cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and a tapestry woven with the threads of ancient civilizations. From the earliest settlements to the present day, this history provides a glimpse into the island's evolution and the shaping of its unique identity.

 

• Language: English
• Publisher: Oriental Publishing
• Release date: Jan 16, 2024
• ISBN: 9798224707324

Book preview

CONTENTS PAGE

Chapter 1: Ancient Roots - Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Periods (c. 4th century BCE - 13th century CE)

Chapter 2: Maritime Glory - The Gampola and Kotte Kingdoms (13th - 16th century CE)

Chapter 3: Colonial Encounters - Portuguese, Dutch, and British Periods (16th - 20th century CE)

Chapter 4: Independence and Ethnic Tensions (20th century CE)

Chapter 5: Modern Sri Lanka - Post-Independence Developments

(20th century CE - present)

Chapter 1: Ancient Roots - Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Periods (c. 4th century BCE - 13th century CE)

Nestled in the verdant embrace of the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, boasts a rich tapestry of history that unfurls across millennia. At the heart of this historical narrative lie the ancient cities of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, two monumental legacies that bear witness to the ebb and flow of dynasties, the rise and fall of kingdoms, and the enduring spirit of a resilient island nation.

Anuradhapura: The City of Sacred Bo Trees and Stupas

Anuradhapura, the venerable city that served as the island's capital for over a millennium, stands as a testament to Sri Lanka's deep-rooted Buddhist heritage. Founded in the 4th century BCE by King

Pandukabhaya, Anuradhapura became a thriving center of political, economic, and religious activity.

The sacred city sprawls over an expansive area, adorned with colossal stupas, monastic complexes, and ancient reservoirs. Chief among its marvels is the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, a sacred fig tree believed to be a sapling from the Bodhi Tree in India under which Buddha attained enlightenment. Its gnarled branches, sheltering the serene surroundings, symbolize the island's enduring commitment to Buddhism.

The Ruwanwelisaya, a mammoth stupa standing proudly with its pristine white dome, exemplifies the architectural prowess of ancient Sri Lanka. Commissioned by King Dutugemunu in the 2nd century

BCE, it remains a symbol of piety and grandeur, drawing pilgrims and tourists alike.

Anuradhapura's urban planning, marked by the intricacies of ancient reservoirs (tanks) such as the Abhayagiri and Jetavanarama complexes, reflects a sophisticated understanding of hydraulic

engineering. These reservoirs not only sustained the city's agricultural needs but also served as marvels of ancient irrigation technology.

As the political and economic hub of the island, Anuradhapura witnessed the rise and fall of numerous dynasties, including the Anuradhapura Kingdom, Chola invasions, and the eventual shift of the capital to Polonnaruwa. The city's historical significance is enshrined in its designation as a

UNESCO World Heritage Site, preserving its majestic remnants for future generations.

Polonnaruwa: The Glorious Resurgence

The baton of Sri Lanka's political and cultural heritage passed from Anuradhapura to Polonnaruwa, marking a glorious resurgence in the island's history. Polonnaruwa rose to prominence under the Chola dynasty and reached its zenith under the rule of King Parakramabahu the Great in the 12th century CE.

This resplendent city, designated as another UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcases a harmonious blend of Hindu and Buddhist influences. The Parakrama Samudra, an immense reservoir constructed by King Parakramabahu, stands as a testament to the island's commitment to advanced hydraulic engineering. This colossal reservoir not only served as an irrigation marvel but also reflected the king's dedication to creating a prosperous and sustainable kingdom.

The Gal Vihara, a rock temple, embodies the artistic brilliance of Polonnaruwa. Carved from a single granite rock face, the four colossal Buddha statues radiate a sense of serenity and spiritual grace.

The craftsmanship displayed in these statues, particularly the standing Buddha, attests to the

sculptural finesse of the ancient Sri Lankan artisans.

Polonnaruwa's architectural splendors extend to the Lankatilaka and Rankoth Vehera stupas, each standing as a testament to the religious fervor of the era. The Quadrangle, a compact area containing numerous religious and secular structures, highlights the city's meticulous urban