A Century of Dutch Manuscript Illumination

By L.M.J. Delaisse

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1968.

• Language: English
• Publisher: University of California Press
• Release date: Dec 22, 2023
• ISBN: 9780520321359

L.M.J. Delaisse

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CALIFORNIA STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ART

Walter Horn, General Editor

Advisory Board: H. W. Janson, Bates Lowry, Wolfgang Stechow

i. THE BIRTH OF LANDSCAPE PAINTING IN CHINA

By Michael Sullivan

u. PORTRAITS BY DEGAS

By Jean Sutherland Boggs

in. LEONARDO DA VINCI ON PAINTING

A LOST BOOK (LIBRO A)

By Carlo Pedretti

IV. IMAGES IN THE MARGINS OF GOTHIC MANUSCRIPTS

By Lilian M. C. Randall

V. THE DYNASTIC ARTS OF THE KUSHANS

By John M. Rosenfield

vi. A CENTURY OF DUTCH MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION

By L. M. J. Délaissé

vu. GEORGE CALEB BINGHAM: THE EVOLUTION OF AN ARTIST

and A CATALOGUE RAISONNÉ (two volumes)

By Maurice Bloch

vin. CLAUDE LORRAIN: THE DRAWINGS—

CATALOG and ILLUSTRATIONS (two volumes)

By Marcel Roethlisberger

ix. VENETIAN PAINTED CEILINGS OF THE RENAISSANCE

By Juergen Schulz

X. THE DRAWINGS OF EDOUARD MANET

By Alain de Leiris

A CENTURY OF

DUTCH MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION

The Emperor Charles IV and the Seven Electors.

A CENTURY OF

DUTCH MANUSCRIPT

ILLUMINATION

BY L.M.J. DÉLAISSÉ

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1968

A CENTURY OF DUTCH MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION

is a volume in the

California Studies in the History of Art

sponsored in part by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation

University of California Press

Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

Cambridge University Press

London, England

© 1968 by L. M. J. Délaissé

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-10577

Printed in The Netherlands

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I THE POLITICAL AND SPIRITUAL MILIEU

DIVISION AND INSTABILITY OF THE DUTCH PROVINCES

THE DEVOTIO MODERNA

CHAPTER II THE ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS

THE BEGINNINGS

THE FIRST WORKSHOPS AROUND 1430

DRAWINGS AND OTHER TECHNIQUES

THE BIBLES

PRODUCTION TOWARD THE MIDDLE OF THE CENTURY

AFTER 1455

THE LAST MANUSCRIPTS

CHAPTER III DUTCH STYLE

STYLISTIC AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

CONTINUITY

ORIGINALITY

CHAPTER IV DUTCH PRESENCE ABROAD

IN FRANCE

IN FLANDERS

IN ENGLAND

CHAPTER V POSTSCRIPT

The Complementary Fragment of the Hours of Catherine of Cleves Recently Acquired by the Pierpont Morgan Library

CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

ILLUSTRATIONS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 15652-56, Gelre Wapenboek, fol. 26v: Emperor Charles IV and the Seven Electors.

2. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 15652-56, Gelre Wapenboek, fol. 15V: Coat of arms of Rudolf of Nydou, with head of a girl as crest.

3. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 205, Bible of Hendrik van Arnhem, fol. iv: The Death of Emperor Alexander.

4. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 171, Dire van Delft’s Treatise on the Christian Faith, fol. içv: The Fountain of Life.

5. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 171, Dire van Delft’s Treatise on the Christian Faith, fol. 25: The Creation of the Soul.

6. London, British Museum, MS Add. 22288, Dire van Delft’s Treatise on the Christian Faith, fol. 172V: The Crucifixion.

7. London, British Museum, MS Add. 22288, Dire van Delft’s Treatise on the Christian Faith, fol. 191V: Pietà.

8. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 171, Dire van Delft’s Treatise on the Christian Faith, fol. iv: Head of Christ (enlarged detail).

9. London, British Museum, MS King’s 5, Biblia pauperutn, fol. 13b: Christ before Pilate.

10. London, British Museum, MS King’s 5, Biblia pauperutn, fol. 13a: Prophets Slain by Order of Jezebel.

11. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek (temporarily at Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek), MS Germ. 4⁰ 42, A Prayer Book of Mary of Guelders, fol. 36: The Descent from the Cross.

12. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek (temporarily at Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek), MS Germ. 4⁰ 42, A Prayer Book of Mary of Guelders, fol. 20: Betrayal of Christ.

13. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek (temporarily at Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek), MS Germ. 4⁰ 42, A Prayer Book of Mary of Guelders, fol. 19V: Mary of Guelders.

14. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS 141, Book of Hours, fol. 117: Judas Paid by the Priests.

15. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 185, Book of Hours, fol. 14V: Betrayal of Christ.

16. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 185, Book of Hours, fol. 65V: The Carrying of the Cross.

17. Rijsenburg, Groot-Seminarie, Book of Hours, fol. 16V-17: Betrayal of Christ.

18. Rijsenburg, Groot-Seminarie, Book of Hours, fol. 64V: Pietà.

19. Paris, Musée du Louvre, Cabinet des Dessins, 20674: Fishing Party (probably) at the Court of William VI of Holland.

20. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 87, breviary of Reinald IV of Guelders, fol. 294: The Prophet Malachi Preaching.

21. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 87, breviary of Reinald IV of Guelders, fol. 422: St. Dorothy.

22. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 87, breviary of Reinald IV of Guelders, fol. 2oov: The Entombment.

23. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 87, breviary of Reinald IV of Guelders, fol. 99V: Joseph Leaving Mary.

24. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 87, breviary of Reinald IV of Guelders, fol. 207V: The Calling of Peter.

25. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 87, breviary of Reinald IV of Guelders, fol. 410V: St. Martin Dividing His Robe with a Beggar; St. Hugh.

26. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 87, breviary of Reinald IV of Guelders, fol. 199V: The Carrying of the Cross.

27. Detail of figure 26.

28. Detail of figure 29.

29. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 174, missal for Carthusian Use in Arnhem, fol. 152V: The Crucifixion.

30. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 174, missal for Carthusian Use in Arnhem, fol. IOIV: The Calling of Peter.

31. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 174, missal for Carthusian Use in Arnhem, fol. 65V: Jesus About To Be Stoned.

32. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 174, missal for Carthusian Use in Arnhem, fol. 79V: The Discovery of the Cross.

33. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 174, missal for Carthusian Use in Arnhem, fol. I2v: The Trinity.

34. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 174, missal for Carthusian Use in Arnhem, fol. 116: Pentecost.

35. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS Latin 432, Peter of Herenthals’ commentaries on the Psalms, fol. 2v:

The Cardinal Hugh of Lusignan Receives a Book.

36. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 168, Book of Hours, fol. 76V: Christ Before Pilate.

37. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 168, Book of Hours, fol. 52V: The Betrayal of Christ.

38. Wiesbaden, Staatsarchiv, MS B. 10, Miscellanea, fol. 132: Jews on Their Way to Stone Jesus.

39. London, British Museum, MS Add. 38122, the Lockhorst Bible, fol. 248: Ruth and Boaz.

40. London, British Museum, MS Add. 38122, the Lockhorst Bible, fol. 175: Young Moses Breaks Pharaoh’s Crown and Burns His Own Tongue with a Live Coal.

41. London, British Museum, MS Add. 38122, the Lockhorst Bible, fol. 117V: Bezaleel in His Workshop.

42. London, British Museum, MS Add. 38122, the Lockhorst Bible, fol. 78 V: The Construction of the Temple.

43. London, British Museum, MS Add. 38122, the Lockhorst Bible, fol. 73V: The Birth of Moses.

44. London, British Museum, MS Add. 38122, the Lockhorst Bible, fol. 65: Joseph’s Cup Found in Benjamin’s Sack.

45. Munich, Staatsbibliothek, MS Germ. 1102, Bible, fol. nv: The Vengeance of Lamech.

46. Detail of figure 45.

47. Munich, Staatsbibliothek, MS Germ. 1102, Bible, fol. 9v: The Expulsion from Paradise.

48. Munich, Staatsbibliothek, MS Germ. 1102, Bible, fol. 15V: The Shame of Noah.

49. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 21696, Book of Hours, fol. 32V: Christ Before Pilate.

50. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 21696, Book of Hours, fol. 39V: The Carrying of the Cross.

51. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 248, Book of Hours, fol. 104V: The Circumcision.

52. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 248, Book of Hours, fol. 74V: The Annunciation.

53. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 21696, Book of Hours, fol. 50V: The Entombment.

54. Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS Letterkunde 289, Book of Hours, fol. 71V: Jesus and Pilate.

55. Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS Letter kunde 289, Book of Hours, fol. 74V: The Flagellation.

56. The Hague, Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, MS 10 E.i, Book of Hours, fol. 69V: The Archangel Michael.

57. The Hague, Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, MS 10 E.i, Book of Hours, fol. 71 v: St. Christopher.

58. The Hague, Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, MS 10 E.i, Book of Hours, fol. 77V: The Adoration of the Magi.

59. Cleveland, Museum of Art (Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund), 59254: The Crucifixion.

60. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, MS 78 D.38, Bible, fol. 25: The Separation of Lot and Abraham.

61. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, MS 78 D.38, Bible, fol. 105: Balaam and the Ass.

62. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, MS 78 D.38, Bible, fol. 103: Moses Striking the Rock.

63. Nuremberg, Stadtbibliothek, MS Solger 8, Bible, fol. 83: Elijah Finds Elisha Plowing in the Fields and

Casts his Mantle upon Him.

64. Nuremberg, Stadtbibliothek, MS Solger 8, Bible, fol. 160: Entry of a King into a Town.

65. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 9020-23, Bible, fol. 137: The Adoration of the Lamb.

66. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale MS 9020-23, Bible, fol. 65: The Crowning with Thorns.

67. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 9020-23, Bible, fol. 65: The Flagellation.

68. London, British Museum, MS Add. 10043, Bible, fol. 35: The Feast of Joseph.

69. London, British Museum, MS Add. 15410, Bible, fol. 160: A Tribunal.

70. London, British Museum, MS Add. 15410, Bible, fol. 207: The Young Maid Abisag Brought to King

David.

71. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 9020-23, Bible, fol. 137V: The Seven Angels Sound Their Trumpets Before the Lord.

72. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 9020-23, Bible, fol. 138: The Four and Twenty Elders Adoring the Lord.

73. New York, Guennol Collection, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, fol. 115V: All Saints Before God the Father.

74. New York, Guennol Collection, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, fol. 35V: The Nativity.

75. New York, Guennol Collection, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, fol. 69V: The Descent from the Cross.

76. New York, Guennol Collection, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, fol. 67: Joseph of Arima- thaea Before Pilate.

77. New York, Guennol Collection, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, fol. 104: Requiem Mass.

78. New York, Guennol Collection, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, fol. i68v: Mouth of Hell.

79. New York, Guennol Collection, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, fol. 99V: Preparation of the Corpse of the Deceased.

80. Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS B.P.L. 224, Book of Hours, fol. I28v: The Flagellation.

81. Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS B.P.L. 224, Book of Hours, fol. 134V: The Preparation of the Cross.

82. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS James 137, Book of Hours, fol. 138V: The Trinity with the Virgin.

83. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek (temporarily at Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek), MS Germ. 8° 648, Book of Hours, fol. io8v: The Last Judgment.

84. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 93, The Book of Hours of Yolande of Lalaing, fol. IOOV: The Crucifixion.

85. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, MS 131 G.4, Book of Hours, fol. 69V: The Descent from the Cross.

86. Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 400, Pontifical, fol. 1: Preparation for the Mass.

87. Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 400, Pontifical, fol. 63 V: Benediction of the Tombs.

88. Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 400, Pontifical, fol. 63V: Carvers.

89. Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 400, Pontifical, fol. 99: Weavers.

90. Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 400, Pontifical, fol. 113: Grotesques.

91. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2771, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 140V: The Judges.

92. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2772, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 2iv: The Wedding at Cana.

93. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2771, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 298 V: Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.

94. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2771, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 10: Scenes of the Creation and the Donor.

95. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2771, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 129V: Moses on the Mountain; The Death of Moses.

96. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2771, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 49V. Jacob Blessing the Sons of Joseph; Joseph’s Funeral; The Israelites Making Bricks in Egypt.

97. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2771, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 165V: David and Goliath.

98. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 2771, The Bible of Evert van Soudenbalch, fol. 165: The Massacre of a King.

99. New York, H. P. Kraus, Book of Hours, fol. 15V: The Coronation of the Virgin.

100. Liège, Bibliothèque de l’Université, MS Wittert 13, The Book of Hours of Gijsbrecht van Brederode, fol. 6ov: Jesus Being Nailed to the Cross.

101. Liège, Bibliothèque de l’Université, MS Wittert 13, The Book of Hours of Gijsbrecht van Brederode, fol. 39v: The Last Judgment.

102. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS II 7619, The Book of Hours of Mary van Vronensteyn, fol. 67V: The Entombment.

103. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS II 7619, The Book of Hours of Mary van Vronensteyn, fol. I6IV: The Office of the Dead.

104. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS II 7619, The Book of Hours of Mary van Vronensteyn, fol. 17V: The Betrayal of Christ.

105. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS II 7619, The Book of Hours of Mary van Vronensteyn, fol. 38V: The Judgment of Pilate.

106. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS II 7619, The Book of Hours of Mary van Vronensteyn, fol. 18: Tree of Jesse.

107. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS II 7619, The Book of Hours of Mary van Vronensteyn, fol. 28: The Annunciation.

108. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS II 7619, The Book of Hours of Mary van Vronensteyn, fol. 139: David.

109. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 381, Book of Hours (fragment), fol. 85: St. Barbara.

110. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 182, Book of Hours, fol 54V: The Adoration of the Magi.

111. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, MS 182, Book of Hours, fol. 8ov: David in Prayer.

112. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 30, Book of Hours, fol. 47V: The Crucifixion.

113. London, Collection P. R. Robinson, Prayers for Holy Week, fol. 2Óv: Ecce Homo.

114. London, Collection P. R. Robinson, Prayers for Holy Week, fol. i8v: Denial of Peter.

115. Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, The Book of Hours of Reynalt von Homoet, page 224: The Nativity.

116. Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, The Book of Hours of Reynalt von Homoet, page 90: The Flagellation.

117. .Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, The Book of Hours of Reynalt von Homoet, page 124: The Carrying of the Cross.

118. Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, The Book of Hours of Reynalt von Homoet, page 102: The Crowning with Thorns.

119. FLEMISH ILLUMINATION. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 10772, Book of Hours, fol. 13V: The Crucifixion.

120. FLEMISH ILLUMINATION. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS 9798, Book of Hours, fol. 26v: The Virgin and Child with Angels.

121. GERMAN ILLUMINATION. Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, MS Pal. Germ. 471, Hugo von Trimberg’s Der Renner, fol. 4: On the Tree, a Bird of Prey, Enemy of the Lord.

122. GERMAN ILLUMINATION. Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, MS Pal. Germ. 471, Hugo von Trimberg’s Der Renner, fol. 34V: The Deadly Sin of Anger: Two Scenes of Beating.

123. Chantilly, Musée Condé, MS 1284, Très Riches Heures de Jean de Berry, fol. 8v: A Cart Loaded with Crops.

124. Durham, Ushaw College, MS 10, Book of Hours, fol. 57: Pietà.

125. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Canon. Liturg. 17, Book of Hours, fol. 67: The Entombment.

126. Durham, Ushaw College, MS 10, Book of Hours, fol. 45: Christ Before Pilate.

127. Copenhagen, Kongelige Bibliotek, MS Thott 533 4°, psalter, fol. 70V: The Carrying of the Cross.

128. Brussels, Bibliothèque royale, MS IV 194, Book of Hours, fol. 59: The Deposition.

129. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS 1988, Book of Hours, fols. 30V-31: The Virgin and Child; The Annunciation.

130. London, British Museum, MS Add. 18851, Breviary of Isabella of Spain, fol. 41: The Adoration of the Magi.

131. London, British Museum, MS Add. 18851, Breviary of Isabella of Spain, fol. 8iv: Jesus Healing a Man.

132. Vienna, Nationalbibliothek, MS S.N. 12878, Book of Hours, fol. 76V: David in Prayer.

133. Turin, Museo Civico, Milan Hours, fol. in: The Mass of St. Hilary.

134. Turin, Museo Civico, Milan Hours, fol. 38V: Payment of Judas.

135. Turin, Museo Civico, Milan Hours, fol. 113V: The Feast of Ahasuerus.

136. Turin, Museo Civico, Milan Hours, fol. 30V: The Carrying of the Cross.

137. Turin, Museo Civico, Milan Hours, fol. 113: Celestial Court.

138. Germany, Private collection, The Llangattock Book of Hours, fol. 96V: The Massacre of the Innocents.

139. Germany, Private collection, The Llangattock Book of Hours, fol. 68 v: The Visitation.

140. Germany, Private collection, The Llangattock Book of Hours, fol. 53 V: The Annunciation.

141. London, British Museum, MS Add. 29704-29705, Carmelite Missal, fol. 138V: Birth of the Virgin.

142. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. D. inf. 2.13, Queen Mary’s Book of Hours, fol. 41 v: The Virgin and Child and St. Anne.

143. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. D. inf. 2.13, Queen Mary’s Book of Hours, fol. i02v: The Entombment.

144. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 253, ‘Mirroure of the Worlde,’ fol. 87V: The Last Judgment.

145. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 253: Archery border.

146. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 233: Fishing equipment border.

147. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 247: Birdcages border.

148. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 237: Jewel border.

149. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 240: Coins border.

150. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 231: Carved wooden frame border.

151. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 244: Mussels and crab border.

152. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 266: Fishes border.

153. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 114: Miracles of the Pool of Bethesda.

154. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 180: Deathbed Scene.

155. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page 91: Seth Plants the Branch in the Mouth of the Dead Adam.

156. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 917, The Book of Hours of Catherine of Cleves, page

97: Tree Growing from Adam’s Grave.

157. New York, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS