The Encyclopedia on the Alchemy of Women Vol. I

By Keenan Booker

The Encyclopedia on The Alchemy of Women Vol. I & II gives the definitions and explanations of over 5,000 years of Magic that supports the woman's secret world. The words in this Encyclopedia are used in the average woman's everyday life. This unique terminology and its applications come from these subjects: Medical Sciences, Social Sciences, The Definitions of Girls Names, Ancient Civilizations, Goddess's of Mythology, Early & Modern American Slang, Religions, Botany (Plants), Zoology (Animals), Cosmetics, Psychology, Biology and Cosmology etc.,. This Encyclopedia provides clarification to the Chaos that women collectively operate by, regardless of age or race. It is an explanation to their innate confusion in comprehending the world. The Encyclopedia on The Alchemy of Women is the Final Directory & Manual written that allows a Man to be able to Control and also Avoid their attempts of attack and their desire to neglect. For Women it will authorize you to "Know Thyself." Love Each other & Thank You for Your Strength.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BookBaby
• Release date: Jul 31, 2023
• ISBN: 9781943820160

Book preview

A

Aaliyah: Hebr; name meaning Rising. Arab; name meaning: exalted or lofty. The feminine version form of name Ali. Al-Alee being the 36th name of the 99 names of Allah. Variations: Alia, Aleah, Aleia, Liya, Leah, Alya and Aliyya.[11]

Ab: An important part of the Egyptian soul was thought to be the jb (ib), or heart. Their philosophy was that heart was created from one drop of blood from the heart of the child's mother during conception. The heart was considered to be the seat of emotion, thought, will, and intention, evidenced by the many expressions in the Egyptian language which incorporate the word jb. Unlike the English language & understanding, when ancient Egyptians referenced the jb they were referring to the physical heart and not the metaphorical heart. The ancient Egyptian understanding usually merged the mind and the heart with regard to emotion or thought. The two were synonymous. Av (Hebrew: אָב, Standard Av Tiberian ʾĀḇ Aramaic אבא Abba; related to Akkadian Abu; father; plural: Hebrew: אבות Avot or Abot) means father in Hebrew.[11] Alchemy: The English prefix ab-, which means away, off appears in many English vocabulary words, such as absent, abduct, and absolute."[72]

Abandoned woman: A term for a prostitute that may have come from the fact that so many women had been abandoned by their husbands or family.[19]

Abbess: also, Lady Abbess. A bawd, the mistress of a brothel.[2] In Catholicism, an abbess (Latin abbatissa, feminine form of abbas, abbot is the female superior of a community of nuns, which is often an abbey.[11]

Abigail: Orig; Hebr; meaning My Fathers Joy or My Fathers Exultation. The Judaic description of Abigail is: beautiful, intelligent, wise and good in discretion. King David’s 3rd wife is named Abigail. The Bible story goes as follows: David sent 10 men to Nabal (which means fool) to remind him of security provided and requested whatever provisions he had on hand. Nabal denied this request. This denial caused David to insight war. Nabal’s wife Abigail learned of this. Secretly got a portion of Nabal’s provisions and intercepted David’s campaign, while he was on the way to Nabal. She requested that David take the provisions while stating that Yahweh will make his dynasty long lasting and David sinless and divinely protected. David recognized his fault and rescinded. Abigail going back to Nabal found him drunk and in lively spirits. When Abigail told Nabal what had occurred he had a heart attack and died 10 days later. King David then married Abigail. (1 Sam 25: 1-42) A Lady’s waiting maid.[2](which may refer to the placement of being a Third wife when was once the first wife of a man). Alchemy: She has the possibility to bring death to a non-giving (selfish) man. She will be sneaky when need be to avoid confrontation. She will not betray her husband while alive but will as a widow. An Abigail will get involved in a polygamous relationship. She may be blind to her own beauty and intelligence. Variations: Abby, Abbey, Abi, Abs, Gail, Gayle, Big Gayle. Consider: Big, Girl[72]

Abortion: flow; hence rise; exist. Gk, orchestra: first, a place to dance. orchestration. L, orient; origin, original, originate. abortion (ab: away). river, rivulet; Fr riviere, Riviera. It Rialto

arrive. derive: first, to turn a stream, as for irrigation. Some tribes buried a leader (as the Goths did Alaric [d.410]) by diverting a stream, then letting it flow back to hide the body from desecration. A rival was a person sharing a stream, at first a colleague, as in Hamlet: If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, the rivals of my watch… Human nature being what it is, sharers soon vied with, then opposed, one another. rivalry; unrivaled.

L errare; wander. err. knight errant; erratum , erroneous, error, aberration; L ripa: shore, along which a stream flows; hence rugged, as New England’s stern and rock-bound coast. riparian; rift; rive.

Gc, are. earnest: risen for battle. race, rear (up): raise, rise; rill; roam OE rinnen, ran, gerunnan; ran, run; runnel. Rhine, Rhenish; rhenium; Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116 confidently closes:

If this be error, and upon me proved,

I never writ, and no man ever loved.

And as Sir. William G. Benham (b. 1859) wisely observed, What is the use of running when you are on the wrong road?"

L apt, aptitude, attitude; adapt, adept, inept; apex. L prefix ab: from, away, lacking. abiogenesis: production of life from nonliving matter, coined by Thomas Huxley in 1879; still not attained save in science fiction. abdomen (L abdo: hide; do, dare: do, put): the hidden part of the body. abortion (oriri:to rise); abduct; abolition, aborigine. OED has over 100 columns of relevant words, from abacinate: an old form of punishment, blinding by holding a red-hot iron near the eyes,… to abusive, and the unused word abvolate: fly away. [1]

Termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable. In the medical sense, the terms abortion and miscarriage both refer to the termination of pregnancy before the fetus is capable of survival outside the uterus. In general verbiage, abortion most often refers to deliberate interruption of pregnancy, whereas miscarriage connotes a spontaneous or natural loss of the fetus. A fetus that weighs less than 1000 g rarely survives. If the pregnancy is terminated before 20 weeks of gestation, it won’t live. These facts are difficult to determine with a high degree of accuracy while the fetus is still in utero; survival of the fetus delivered near the end of the second trimester often depends to a great extent on the availability of personnel and equipment capable of supporting life until the infant develops sufficiently. Viability of the fetus outside the uterus is frequently used as the determining factor in deciding the legality and morality of induced abortion. Whether this is a valid criterion is essentially based on whether one believes that the fetus is human from the moment of conception or that it achieves humanity at some point during physical development. Those who oppose abortion on moral grounds believe that the fetus is human or potentially human and that destruction of the fetal body is tantamount to murder.[10] From 2015-2017, approximately 73.3 million abortions occurred worldwide each year.[11] The idea that abortion has negative psychological effects was widely promoted by crisis pregnancy centers in the 1970s and the term post-abortion syndrome has widely been used by anti-abortion advocates to broadly include any negative emotional reactions attributed to abortion. Post-abortion syndrome has not been validated as a discrete psychiatric condition and is not recognized by the American Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Medical Association, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, or the American Public Health Association. (Abortion & Mental Health [11]) Alchemy: Life is either determined by movement or the capacity to breath. The fetus breathing in the womb is detectable as early as 10 weeks of gestation in the human fetus. In Witchcraft, Abortion is the ritualistic sacrifice mandated by the Devil in order to receive psychological telepathic power and the ability to control familiars. In the realm of reality, it classifies the mother as a killer of her own, which would make her ruthless against anything in existence. This act will also design a specific type of mapping in the nervous system of her brain, which may altar her behaviors to be more negative.[72]

Abortifacient: An abortifacient (that which will cause a miscarriage from Latin: abortus miscarriage and faciens making) is a substance that induces abortion. The substances can range herbs to prescription medications or any concoction of chemicals taken orally that brings abortion to completion. Commonly, synthetic oxytocin is routinely used during term labor and is also commonly used to induce abortion in the second or third trimester. In the ancient Babylonian texts there are multiple written prescriptions and/or instructions for terminating a pregnancy. Some of these instructions were specifically for taking ingredients to terminate a pregnancy. The plant silphium is a powerful herb used to purge the uterus. (See Silphium) The Medicinal Herb Rue also known as The Herb of Grace, etymologically means to regret or Health for Adam. It is documented by the Medieval Islamic physician Ibn Sina (980-1037) as an abortifacient. It is also used as a condiment and an insect repellent. Large doses can cause violent gastric pain, vomiting, systemic complications, and death. In Australia the Aboriginal peoples use the plants giant boat-lip orchid (Cymbidium madidum), quinine bush (Petalostigma pubescens), or blue-leaved mallee (Eucalyptus gamophylla). These plants were ingested, inserted into the body, or were smoked with Cooktown ironwood (Erythrophleum chlorostachys). The First Nations people of eastern Canada used Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodwort) and Juniperus virginiana to induce abortions. According to Virgil Vogel, a historian of the indigenous societies of North America, the Ojibwe used blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) as an abortifacient, and the Quinault used thistle for the same purpose. The appendix to Vogel's book lists red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), American pennyroyal (Hedeoma pulegioides), tansy, Canada wild ginger (Asarum canadense), and several other herbs as abortifacients used by various North American Indian tribes. The anthropologist Daniel Moerman wrote that calamus (Acorus calamus), which was one of the ten most common medicinal drugs of Native American societies, was used as an abortifacient by the Lenape, Cree, Mohegan, Sioux, and other tribes; and he listed over one hundred substances used as abortifacients by Native Americans.[11](Do Not Try this at Home)

Abyzou: Abyzou is the name of a female demon. She is described as having a greenish gleaming face with dishevelled serpent-like hair; the rest of her body is covered by darkness. Abyzou was blamed for miscarriages and infant mortality and was said to be motivated by envy (Greek: φθόνος phthonos), as she herself was infertile. In the Coptic Egypt she is identified with Alabasandria. the Sumerian Abzu is the grandmother of the Christian Devil. The female demons, among whom Lilith is the best-known, are often said to have come from the primeval sea. In ancient Greek religion, female sea monsters that combine allure and deadliness may also derive from this tradition, including the Gorgons (who were daughters of the old sea god Phorcys), sirens, harpies, and even water nymphs and Nereids.[11]

Academy: A brothel. The Floating Academy; the lighters on board of which those persons are confined, who by a late regulation are condemned to hard labour, instead of transportation.[2]

Acetone: A colorless, ethereal liquid derived by oxidation or fermentation and used as a denaturant and as a solvent in nail polish removers and nail finishes. It is obtained by fermentation and is frequently used as a solvent for airplane glue, fats, oils, and waxes. It can cause peeling and splitting of the nails, skin rashes on the fingers an elsewhere, and nail brittleness. Inhalation may irritate the lungs, and in large amounts it is narcotic, causing symptoms of drunkenness similar to ethanol. In 1992, the FDA proposed a ban on acetone in astringent products because it had not been shown to be safe and effective as claimed.[18]

Acid Attack: An acid attack or acid throwing, is a type of violent assault that is defined by the act of throwing acid or any type of corrosive substance onto the body of another with the intention to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill. Perpetrators of these attacks throw corrosive liquids at or on their victims, with the focus of aiming at a person’s face, which will burn them, and damage the skin tissue sometimes exposing and sometimes dissolving the bones. Acid attacks can lead to permanent blindness. The intention of the attacker is often to humiliate rather than to kill the victim. Lifetime disfigurement is a form of torture. Acid attacks are currently culturally bound by majority to South Asian countries as this where the most reported cases are found. There are not enough reports of this type of activity coming from victimized males to be able to create official statistics.

Some of the most common motivations of perpetrators include:

•Personal conflict regarding intimate relationships and sexual rejection

•Sexual-related jealousy and lust

•Revenge for refusal of sexual advances, proposals of marriage, and demands for dowry

•Gang violence and rivalry

•Conflicts over land ownership, farm animals, housing, and property

Acid attacks often occur as revenge against a woman who rejects a proposal of marriage or a sexual advance. Gender inequality and women's position in the society, in relation to men, plays a significant role in these types of attacks.[11] Alchemy: These types of attacks definitely stem from Phallus Inadequacy, Lack of Experience with women, failure to make a woman happy that’s both sexually or financial/environmental wise, religious influence specifically amongst Middle Eastern Islam.[72]

Acne: The Oily substance that skin pores become plugged with, also sebum, and other materials such as pigment, dead cells, and bacteria. If the plug (comedo) remains just beneath the surface, it appears as a very small, round, whitish bump, a whitehead. If it reaches the skin surface, it looks like a black dot, a blackhead. In some cases, the plugged pore may burst, thereby releasing its oily contents into the surrounding tissue and causing inflammation. This results in the formation of pimples, pus-filled lesions, or even cysts, cavities containing a sticky fluid. When a makeup product claims that it does not cause comedos, it means it has not been found to plug pores and cause acne.[18]

Actaeon: A cuckold, from the horns planted on the head of Actaeon by Diana.[2] In the version that was offered by the Hellenistic poet Callimachus, which has become the standard setting, Artemis was bathing in the woods when the hunter Actaeon stumbled across her, thus seeing her naked. He stopped and stared, amazed at her ravishing beauty. Once seen, Artemis got revenge on Actaeon: she forbade him speech — if he tried to speak, he would be changed into a stag — for the unlucky profanation of her virginity's mystery. Upon hearing the call of his hunting party, he cried out to them and immediately transformed. At this he fled deep into the woods, and doing so he came upon a pond and, seeing his reflection, groaned. His own hounds then turned upon him and pursued him, not recognizing him. In an endeavor to save himself, he raised his eyes (and would have raised his arms, had he had them) toward Mount Olympus. The gods did not heed his plea, and he was torn to pieces. An element of the earlier myth made Actaeon the familiar hunting companion of Artemis, no stranger. In an embroidered extension of the myth, the hounds were so upset with their master's death, that Chiron made a statue so lifelike that the hounds thought it was Actaeon.[11] Alchemy: Actaeon was a Hunter. He did not Hunt for what he admired the most and was punished for it out of his choice of perversion which was voyeurism. Therefore, he was cursed by being made a stag that could not speak. In his status of being an animal, he cannot pursue a woman or have sex with one. The Gods did not hear his pleas and ignored his wishes. Actaeons hunting dogs attacked him in the status of a stag, in which they were trained and also brought along to carry out such deed. The moral of the story is: "Do not fantasize, admire or watch a virgin or any woman in the nude, you must approach and pursue or forewarn her about her helpless condition, so she can protect herself. As purity is to be attained not watched. Hence the name is Actaeon, Act-on.[72]

Adam: (אדם) literally means red, and there is an etymological connection between adam and adamah, adamah designating red clay or red ground in a non-theological context. The word adam has no feminine form in Hebrew, but if it did, it would be adamah. There is additional relationship between the words adam and adamah and the word dam (דם), meaning blood. Adamah (Biblical Hebrew : אדמה) is a word, translatable as ground or earth, which occurs in the Genesis creation narrative. The etymological link between the word adamah and the word adam is used to reinforce the teleological link between humankind and the ground, emphasising both the way in which man was created to cultivate the world, and how he originated from the dust of the ground. The adamah is to man as a woman is to her husband: man has a duty to cultivate the earth in the same way that a husband has a duty to be fruitful with his wife.[11]

Addison: OE masculine name meaning The Son of Adam. It is also Scottish for the son of Addie. Addie is a nickname for Adam. Adam was the name of the first man created. The word Adam comes from the Hebrew word adamah meaning ground, earth its context in application is one created from the ground. Therefore Addison can also mean son of the ground or son of man. Due to the usage of the name Madison as a female name, Addison merged into place overtime, used as a female name. It is now classified as unisex. Modern day definition: A Child of Adam." Other variations of the name: Addie, Avery, Emerson.[11] Grandmama Addams is an aged witch who concocts potions and spells, and dabbles in fortune telling and knife throwing. She is the grandmother of the Addams children, Pugsley and Wednesday. Her first appearance was in 1938.[11] Alchemy: Due to its seniority of usage as a male name, used as a female name will make the woman combative & masculine. She may also have a manly physique. Madison can also be The Mad Addison. The name will also be charged with witch energy as was the generation or any individuals who consistently watched the show.[72]

Adele: Orig; Germ; meaning Nobility or Noble, Variations: Adelina, Adelyn, Adalynn, Adelyn, Adalene, Adaleine, Ada, Alina, Aline, Adelita, Alita, Adteline, Adela, Adelia, Della, Adelyn, Alene, Delia.[11]

Adelina: Orig; Sp; It; Slav; meaning: Noble or Nobility. Adelina is also a genus of darkling beetles. Adelina is also a genus parasitic micro-organisms. Adelina is the Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Albanian and Slavic variant of Adeline, meaning 'noble' or 'nobility'.[11] Alchemy: Assistant in keep the vitality of men (nurse) or a man (as in wife). She will be good as the wife of a business man. Has professional upkeep, patience, may be a good lover.[72]

Saint Adelina: Died 1125

Feast Day: October 20th. She established an abbey for men called Holy Trinity of Savigny and follows the Rule of St. Benedict. She is the sister of St. Vitalis.[11]

Adeps Bovis: Fat from cows. Name cannot be used on American labels but is used in European cosmetic labels. United States lists the ingredient as tallow. [18]

Adeps Suillus: Fat from swine. Name cannot be used on American labels but is used on European labels. United States lists the ingredient as lard.[18]

Adiposopathy (or sick fat): is a proposed cardiovascular disease (CVD) which may explain the anatomical and/or functional changes to fat cells which may indirectly increase other CVD risk, and may be a contributor to the metabolic syndrome.

Diseased fat tissue surrounding various organs can cause illness, such as fat surrounding the heart, muscle, vessels, eyes, and bone. Some have suggested that diseased fat tissue surrounding the heart and vessels can contribute to inflammation and plaque rupture. Although not as well recognized, even the so-called protective subcutaneous fat tissue has the potential to be sick and contribute to metabolic disease. A prime example would be subcutaneous fat tissue found in the abdominal region. Accumulation of fat tissue in this region may have hormonal and immune activity, and thus the potential to cause metabolic disease, between that of visceral fat tissue and other areas of subcutaneous fat tissue.

However, other subcutaneous fat tissues also might contribute to metabolic disease. This is if the fat cells become too enlarged and sick. Admittedly, subcutaneous fat cells typically are larger and are capable of storing more fat when needed. However, subcutaneous fat tissue represents the largest proportion of fat tissue in the body and is the major source of leptin.

One potentially unfavorable effect of leptin is to increase blood pressure, as observed in animals. In humans, the observation of leptin-induced hypertension is not as yet conclusive. But to the extent that leptin may increase blood pressure. The increase in leptin with subcutaneous fat cells (particularly when they become enlarged) could hardly be characterized as protective.

Other potentially detrimental effects of enlarged subcutaneous fat tissue relate to free fatty acids. During fasting, the body can obtain energy through the release of free fatty acids from the triglycerides in fat cells. The fatty acids thus become available for release into the blood. If a high concentration of certain fatty acids accumulates in the blood because of sick fat tissue, the body will be unable to recruit more healthy fat cells. When this occurs, the existing healthy fat cells become engorged and also sick. The result is that blood fatty acid concentrations increase to levels that are toxic to tissues such as liver, muscle, and the pancreas, and can lead to a range of pathological metabolic conditions. In summary, although abdominal or visceral fat tissue is best described to contribute to metabolic disease, abdominal fat is by no means the only fat tissue depot that has the potential to become sick and capable of contributing to metabolic ill health.

Fat tissue is an active body organ involved in many processes critical to human health, these include: (1) promotion of blood vessel formation; (2) fat cell recruitment and development; (3) dissolving and reforming the structures around fat tissue; (4) generation, storage and release of fat; (5) growth factor production; (6) glucose metabolism; (6) production of factors that affect blood pressure; (7) fat and cholesterol metabolism; (8) enzyme production; (9) hormone production; (10) steroid metabolism; (11) blood clotting; (12) element binding; (13) and immune response.

When fat cells and fat tissue remain healthy during fat weight gain, patients may avoid metabolic ill health. However, if enlargement of fat cells and fat tissue causes them to become sick, then important fat tissue functions are disrupted and the deranged responses contribute to metabolic disease. When excessive body weight leads to sick fat it is representing a hormone or endocrine disease. Additionally, fat cells and fat tissue also produce many different types of immune factors. Inflammation is a contributing cause to metabolic disease. The ultimate contribution of fat tissue to inflammation is determined by the production of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. (see metabolic)(see leptin)

Adrianna: Italian Feminine form of the name Adrian. French Feminine form is Adrienne or the name Adrien. Adrian comes from Hadria which means "from the city of DARK. Adria is a city located in Italy that stands on top of the Ancient Etruscan city Atria. [11] Alchemy: An Adrianna will have a Goth mentality or Gothic like attractions or style of dress, also may have dark humor or will partake or assist in criminal activities. Will be good in the creation of dark elements of all forms of art.[72]

Adult nursing relationship (ANR): The suckling of milk from a female's breast on a regular basis from one or more partner(s). Usually relationships of this kind are long term, not only because of chemical attachment but also the maintenance of the congruency of milk flow. Couples may begin this type of relationship by transferring regular suckling from a child to the sexual partner (e.g. spouse). Such a relationship may form as an expression of close intimacy and mutual tenderness, and may even exist without sex. Breastfeeding can have a strong stabilizing effect on the partnership. The breastfeeding woman may experience orgasms or a pleasurable let-down reflex. ([11])

Advanced Maternal Age: Advanced maternal age a woman becoming and being pregnant at an older age. As women age, they experience a decline in reproductive performance leading to menopause. This decline is tied to a decline in the number of ovarian follicles. The decline in ovarian reserve appears to occur at a constantly increasing rate with age, and leads to nearly complete exhaustion of the reserve by about age 51. As ovarian reserve and fertility decline with age, there is also a parallel increase in pregnancy failure and meiotic errors resulting in chromosomally abnormal conceptions.[11]

Adventuress: An independent prostitute who avoided the brothel district and attached herself to a high class man.[19] Alchemy: An adventuress is any woman who attempts to make other people jealous by making it appear as if she is travelling or having fun at gatherings. The indirect statement being made is that she has extra money to do so. The provisions for the scenery projected is usually supported by a male that is most likely not seen. The nature of this activity stems from the innate desire to go against the preset roles designated for women in society.[72]

Aerosols: Many cosmetic sprays, particularly hair care products and fragrances, are sold in aerosol containers. The first aerosol patent was issued in 1899 but was not used until 1940, when insecticides were first packaged in self-dispensing gas pressurized containers. Freon, the most commonly used group among aerosol gases, is a lung irritant and central nervous system depressant and in high concentrations can cause coma. More than a hundred people, mostly young Americans, have died from sniffing aerosol gases for kicks. These gases can cause severe irregular heartbeat. In addition to Freon, hair sprays contain PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) or shellac. PVP is believed to be cancer-causing. In addition, thesaurosis, a condition in which there are foreign bodies in the lungs, has been found in persons subjected to repeated inhalation of hairsprays. The aerosol container can become a lethal weapon, acting as a flamethrower if near a fire and a shrapnel bomb if heated. It has been known to explode when placed too near a radiator or heater. Also, aerosol gases turn into toxic gases: fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen fluoride, and chloride, or even phosgene, a military poison gas. Aerosol hair dyes and hot shave creams were made possible by compartmentalization of the container. However, in the case of the hot shave cream, there was unreliable mixing of the chemicals and skin rashes resulted. In powder products, the inhalation of powder of the silicones can damage the lungs. In 1972, the Society of Cosmetic Chemists reported that powder aerosols evidence a high particle retention in the lungs and profound pulmonary effects. Test showed large powder particles in twenty-three separate areas of the lungs. In addition, Freon, the propellant, cannot be considered inert, that is, lacking in chemical activity or in an expected biologic or pharmacologic effect. Many products have been placed in hand pump containers because of the concern about aerosols.[18](see Hairspray)

Affection: Affection or fondness is a disposition or state of mind or body that is often associated with a feeling or type of love. It has given rise to a number of branches of philosophy and psychology concerning emotion, disease, influence, and state of being. Affection is popularly used to denote a feeling or type of love, amounting to more than goodwill or friendship. Writers on ethics generally use the word to refer to distinct states of feeling, both lasting and spasmodic. Some contrast it with passion as being free from the distinctively sensual element.

Even a very simple demonstration of affection can have a broad variety of emotional reactions, from embarrassment, to disgust, pleasure, and annoyance. It also has a different physical effect on the giver and the receiver.

Affection can be communicated by looks, words, gestures, or touches. It conveys love and social connection. The five love languages deeply explains how couples can communicate affections to each other. Affectionate behavior may have evolved from parental nurturing behavior due to its associations with hormonal rewards. Such affection has been shown to influence brain development in infants, especially their biochemical systems and prefrontal development. Expressions of affection can be unwelcome if they pose implied threats to one's well-being. If welcomed, affectionate behavior may be associated with various health benefits. It has been proposed that positive sentiments increase the propensity of people to interact and that familiarity gained through affection increases positive sentiments among them.[11]

After Love: After a highly connected romantic relationship ends, people usually go through separation anxiety and grieving. Grief is an emotion which leads to the acceptance of loss. It helps a person get over the relationship and move on. People tend to use different tactics to heal and revive themselves from pain caused. Highly attached individuals usually look for support. This ends up being the most effective coping strategy. Avoidant attached individuals tend to devalue the relationship and to withdraw. Withdrawal may be psychological or physical by being absent of giving the silent treatment. A partner may intentionally do things or give signs exhibited by erratic behavior, destruction of property, black mail, humiliation or defamation. Anxiously attached individuals are more likely to use emotionally focused coping strategies and pay more attention to the experienced distress. After the end of a relationship, highly attached individuals tend to have less negative overall emotional experience than insecurely attached individuals. Anxious and avoidant attachment have been found to predict interpersonal electronic surveillance (i.e., Facebook stalking). Such behavior is positively correlated with commitment, which in turn is correlated with attachment (anxious positively and avoidant negatively).[11]

Ag: silver (Ag), chemical element, a white lustrous metal valued for its decorative beauty and electrical conductivity. Silver is located in Group 11 (Ib) and Period 5 of the periodic table, between copper (Period 4) and gold (Period 6), and its physical and chemical properties are intermediate between those two metal. (Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/silver)

Agalmatophilia: (Galateism, Pygmalionism, Statuophilia) Pygmalion was a mythical Greek sculptor who fell in love with Galatea (one of his female statues). At his request, the goddess Aphrodite brought her to life. Today this term refers to people with a state or mannequin or human doll fetish. Several historical cases of agalmatophilia have been documented. Sisyphus evidently violated the statue of a goddess in the Temple of Samos, after having placed a piece of meat on a certain part. In 1877 a gardener fell in love with a statue of the Venus of Milo and was discovered attempting coitus with it" (Psychopathia Sexualis, by Richard Von Krafft-Ebing, p.351). The practice of having sex with a statue was common among worshippers of the god Priapus where virgins were to first be penetrated by him before their marriage to a human man. This practice was later relegated to a priest or magistrate. However, even in our own century, young Indian (Hindu) virgins have been known to use sacred phalluses to break their hymens before marriage. A few ancient statues had removable penises to facilitate their use as dildos. Several statues of Catholic fertility saints, including among others St. Foutin, St. Guerlicho, St. Gilles, and St. Rene were equipped with a large phallus. The Protestants demolished a church at Orange in 1562 to find a large wooden phallus that had been covered with leather and 23 years later at Embrun found people still worshipping the statue of St. Foutin by pouring wine onto his penis. (Sex in History, by G. Rattray Taylor, pp. 269-270) (see Phallic Saints) Alchemy: The Priapus statue was shaped to look like a Greek Satyr at the upper body, the lower body was a phallus and statue, no legs.[72]

Agave: AGk: Ἀγαύη, romanized: meaning 'illustrious, noble' or 'high-born' In Greek mythology, Agave may refer to one of the Amazons, she is also one of the 50 Nereids, a sea-nymph.

In Euripides' play, The Bacchae, Theban Maenads murdered King Pentheus after he banned the worship of Dionysus because he denied Dionysus' divinity. Dionysus, Pentheus' cousin, lured Pentheus to the woods—Pentheus wanted to see what he thought were the sexual activities of the women—where the Maenads tore him apart and his corpse was mutilated by his own mother, Agave. Agave and Pentheus' aunt, Autonoe, tore his limb from limb in a Bacchic frenzy. Thinking that she and the other women had just killed a lion—for Dionysus had driven them mad—Agave carried her son's head on a stick back to Thebes, only realizing the truth when confronted by her father, Cadmus.

The Agave (also Crophy) are an ethnic group of Ghana, belonging to the Ewe peoples. The genus Agave (from the Ancient Greek αγαυή, agauê) is primarily known for its succulent and xerophytic species that typically form large rosettes of strong, fleshy leaves. [11](see Bacchanalia)

Age of Consent: The age of a girl before which sexual intercourse with her was considered a crime.[19]

Alchemy: The age of consent at is lowest is usually the age of 16. This is in modern times as before the early 1900’s girls were usually married off, traded for and/or sold by the age of 12.[72]

Aging and Female Fertility: Female fertility is affected by age and is a major fertility factor for women. A woman's fertility peaks between the late teens and late-20s, after which it starts to decline slowly. While many sources suggest a more dramatic drop at around 35. At age 45, a woman that tries try to get pregnant will have no live birth in 50–80 percent of cases. Menopause, or the stopping of menstrual periods, generally occurs in the 40s and 50s and marks the stopping of fertility. It has been found that age-related infertility can occur before then. The relationship between age and female fertility is sometimes referred to as a woman's biological clock.

The age of the male partner has a significant impact on female fertility. Especially amongst women who have reached their mid-30’s. This is not the case with younger women. Some experts suggested that the main change in fertility in the older women was the fact that it took them longer to conceive. This does not mean that they were not likely to eventually succeed. David Dunson, a biostatistician at the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, said that: Although we noted a decline in female fertility in the late 20s, what we found was a decrease in the probability of becoming pregnant per menstrual cycle, not in the probability of eventually achieving a pregnancy.

Women tend to manifest symptoms of cognitive decline at lower thresholds than men do. This effect seems to be moderated by educational attainment - higher education is associated with later diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment as neuropathological load increases.[11]

Agnate: (noun) A person descended from the same male ancestor as another specified or implied person, especially through the male line. (adjective) descended from the same male ancestor specified or implied person, especially through the male line.[11]

Agnes: Gk: (Ἁγνή Hagnḗ) meaning 'pure' or 'holy'. It:Agnese, Fr:Agnès, Port: as Inês, Sp: as Inés. It is also written as Agness. The name is descended from the Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-, meaning 'to sacrifice; to worship,' from which is also the Vedic term yajña.

St. Agnes of Rome (c.291 – c.304)

Feast Day: January 21

Attributes: a lamb, martyr's palm

Patronage: Betrothed couples; chastity and virgins; Children of Mary; Colegio Capranica of Rome; gardeners; Girl Guides; the diocese of Rockville Centre, New York; The city of Fresno.

St. Agnes of Montepulciano (1268 – 1317)

Feast Day: April 20

Attributes: Lily and a lamb

St. Agnes of Bohemia (1211 – 1282)

Feast Day: March 2

Patronage: Czech Republic

St. Agnes of Assisi (1197 or 1198 – 1253)

Feast Day: November 16

Attributes: Poor Clare nun holding a book.[11]

Airhead: From air + head, in the sense of having one’s head filled with air instead of a brain; compare empty-headed. A foolish, silly, or unintelligent person. Before the 1980s, airhead was a general American slang term, identifying a ditzy, clumsy or stupid person. The term has no age limitation but is usually used between the ages of 10-30. The application of the word airhead can also be used for a person’s intelligence to a specific subject, which is not categorizing a person’s overall intelligence. These airheads, material girls or gold diggers were viewed by their peers as unintelligent, gossipy bimbettes who are interested solely in spreading rumors about their rivals and entering relationships with wealthy boys/men. Airheads began to be regarded as a middle class subculture in suburban American high schools. Overtime, many wealthy white kids had begun imitating hip-hop influenced fashion trends. This includes: favor of gold bling, expensive designer clothes, sneakers, dark jeans, and sweatpants. Rich girls who dressed this way were known as Queen Bees and their followers were known as plastics, or airheads. Members of this clique believed their designer clothing was a form of social status symbol and was a key element to being popular. Accessories purchased by one's parents, such as: miniskirts, Nike brand sneakers, bleached blonde hair, pastel colors like pale blue or baby pink, expensive designer clothes or, grey marl sweatpants, crop tops, white Converse sneakers, leggings, and Ugg boots remained common among American airheads. Popular girls are often accused of characteristics such as: meanness, gossip, snobbery, narrow-mindedness, homophobia, intolerance, flaunting their apparent wealth, backstabbing, shallowness, body shaming, slut shaming, contempt for the poor, and openly bullying other girls to maintain their own privileged position.[11] Alchemy: The 1995 movie Clueless exemplifies this stereotype.[72]

Aitana: Orig; Basq: Glory. It is the name of a Mountain range in Valencia.[11]

Akelarre: Akelarre is the Basque term meaning Witches' Sabbath. Akerra means male goat in the Basque language. Witches' Sabbaths were envisioned as presided over by a goat.(see Sabbath)

The most common etymology proposed is that meaning meadow (larre) of the male goat (aker buck, billy goat). The Spanish Inquisition accused people of worshipping a black goat, related to the worship of Satan. An alternative explanation could be that it originally was alkelarre. Alka being a local name for the herb Dactylis hispanica. In this case, the first etymology would have been a manipulation of the Inquisition. The fact being that the Basques did not know during the 1609-1612 persecution period or later what the akelarre referred to by the inquisitors meant. The word aquelarre is first attested in 1609 in a Spanish-language inquisitorial briefing, as synonym to junta diabólica, meaning 'diabolic assembly'. Basque terms, transcribed into Spanish texts often by monolingual Spanish-language copyists, were fraught with mistakes.[11]

Akh: The ꜣḫ (magically) effective one was a concept of the dead that varied over the long history of ancient Egyptian belief. Relative to the afterlife, akh represented the deceased, who was transfigured and often identified with light. It was associated with thought, but not as an action of the mind; rather, it was intellect as a living entity. The ꜣḫ also played a role in the afterlife. Following the death of the ẖt (physical body), the bꜣ and kꜣ were reunited to reanimate the ꜣḫ. The reanimation of the ꜣḫ was only possible if the proper funeral rites were executed and followed by constant offerings. The ritual was termed s-ꜣḫ make (a dead person) into an (living) ꜣḫ. In this sense, it developed into a sort of roaming ghost (when the tomb was not in order any more) during the Twentieth Dynasty. An ꜣḫ could do either harm or good to persons still living, depending on the circumstances, causing e.g., nightmares, feelings of guilt, sickness, etc. It could be invoked by prayers or written letters left in the tomb's offering chapel also in order to help living family members, e.g., by intervening in disputes, by making an appeal to other dead persons or deities with any authority to influence things on earth for the better, but also to inflict punishments.[11]

Alanna: Orig; Gaelic meaning beauty or serenity. Hw: meaning: fair, beautiful and offering. In Irish it means: in harmony. In Ancient Celtic it means: rock. Alan is the masculine version of this name.

Variations: Alannah, Alana, Alianna, Alyana, Alyyana, Alianna, Elana are English translations of Elan which is Hebrew for Oak Tree.[11]

Alchemy: Chem, the native word for Egypt, which the Greeks also used, likewise means black, from the rich soil after the receding of the annual flood of the nile; hence, alchemy, superseded by chemistry, chemotherapy, and the host of modern chemicals. For large portions of our earth, black is beautiful. As Dryden described many of us in Absalom and Achitophel (1681)

A man so various that he seemed to be

Not one, but all mankind’s epitome:

Stiff in opinions, always in the wrong,

Was everything by starts, and nothing long;

But in the course of one revolving moon

Was chemist, fiddler, stateman, and buffoon.

Alchemy: The behaviors of man which may be considered dark sided occur and are conducted better at night. In which, this may be a psychological phenomenon for those of lighter skin tones to appear black or to be within blackness when conducting dark arts. As it is also a phenomena to watch and/or fantasize and/or imitate black people in dramatized format whether that be sexually, criminally, in fashion and/or by character wise. The true definition to blackface is the alleviation of the responsibility white people think they have of maintaining America and the World. When other races conduct the same activity it is equative to the similar thought pattern but is found in a minimized form for the maintenance of high intellectual pursuits that are influenced by western thought. Any type of observation, production, hunting or communal activity that is done at night is nocturnal. Nocturnal animals have more of a poverty stricken mentality as the majority of them are rodents and of the insect kingdom. Close to 85% of nocturnal birds are owls. The black energy that is embedded in the word alchemy also symbolizes the unknown and potentially chaotic and/or dangerous status of outer space. The ancient reference of alchemy being soil is defined by the multitude of known and unknown substances that makes the compost which brings forth life. All of the elements which are based in both the light and the darkness are considered divine because of the result. One must have all the elements to fulfill and build the invisible space of the nature to a thing, in order to bring it to life. This book is Alchemy.[72]

Alchemy was invented by Thoth in Ancient Egypt (kmt)(See Thoth). In Greece this energy was represented as Hermes. In Catholicism it is spread out through all of the Saints, Black Madonna’s & Virgin Maries. Mary the Jewess was said to have been the first great alchemist. She discovered distillation of alcohol in the time of the Caliphate, and invented the double boiler which is still called bain-marie (Mary’s bath) in France. Alchemy is a system of mysticism. It is an explanation of the combination of elements in existence to bring forth life. Alchemical drawings of the medieval times utilized sexual symbols in masse. The unison of male and female that is expressed in the sexual tone of copulations and marriages was the base understanding applied in alchemical procedures.[5]

The Egyptian name kēme (khmi), meaning 'black earth', which refers to the fertile soil of the Nile valley, as opposed to red desert sand. Egyptologist Wallis Budge states that the Arabic word al-kīmiyaʾ actually means the Egyptian science, borrowing from the Coptic word for Egypt, kēme (or its equivalent in the Mediaeval Bohairic dialect of Coptic, khēme). This Coptic word derives from Demotic kmỉ, itself from ancient Egyptian kmt. The ancient Egyptian word referred to both the country and the colour black (Egypt was the black Land, by contrast with the red Land, the surrounding desert); so this etymology could also explain the nickname Egyptian black arts. Alchemy (from Arabic: al-kīmiyā; from Ancient Greek: khumeía) is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim world, and Europe. In its Western form, alchemy is first attested in a number of pseudepigraphical texts written in Greco-Roman Egypt during the first few centuries AD. In its Medieval roots the word alchemy comes from old French alquemie, alkimie, used in Medieval Latin as alchymia. This name was itself brought from the Arabic word al-kīmiyā (الكيمياء or الخيمياء) composed of two parts: the Late Greek term khēmeía (χημεία), also spelled khumeia (χυμεία) and khēmía (χημία) -, and the Arabic definite article al- (الـ), meaning 'The'. Together this association can be interpreted as 'the process of transmutation by which to fuse or reunite with the divine or original form'. Several women appear in the earliest history of alchemy. Michael Maier names Mary the Jewess, Cleopatra the Alchemist, Medera, and Taphnutia as the four women who knew how to make the philosopher's stone. Zosimos' sister Theosebia (later known as Euthica the Arab) and Isis the Prophetess also played a role in early alchemical texts.[11]

Alcohol: A chemical substance found in drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor. It is also found in some medicines, mouthwashes, household products, and essential oils (scented liquid taken from certain plants). It is made by a chemical process called fermentation that uses sugars and yeast. There are different types of alcohol. The type used to make alcoholic drinks is called ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Drinking regular or large amounts of alcohol may increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, breast, liver, colon, and rectum.

(https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/alcohol)

The Qur'an, in verse 37:47, uses the word الغول al-ġawl —properly meaning spirit or demon—with the sense the thing that gives the wine its headiness. The word al-ġawl is also the origin of the English word ghoul, and the name of the star Algol. This derivation would, of course, be consistent with the use of spirit or spirit of wine as synonymous of alcohol in most Western languages. (https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Alcohol)

Ethyl Alcohol. Ethanol. Alcohol as a solvent is widely used in the cosmetic field. Many cosmetics consist largely of alcohol: after-shave lotion, bubble bath, cologne, cold cream, deodorant, freckle lotion, face packs, hair lacquer, hair tonic, liquid face powder, mouthwash, nail polish remover, perfume, preshaving lotion, shampoo, shaving cream, skin lotion, spray deodorant, suntan lotion and oil, and toilet water. Alcohol is manufactured by the fermentation of starch, sugar, and other carbohydrates. It is clear, colorless, and flammable, with a somewhat pleasant odor and a burning taste. Medicinally used externally as an antisepctic and internally as a stimulant and hypnotic. Absolute alcohol is ethyl alcohol to which a substance has been added to make it unfit for drinking. Rubbing alcohol contains not less than 68.5 percent and not more than 71.5 percent by volume of absolute alcohol and the remainder of denaturants, such as perfume oils. Since it is a fat solvent, alcohol can dry the hair and skin when used in excess. Toxic in large doses.[18]

Alcoholic: Alcohol dependence; the term is used to denote a variety of conditions involving the abuse of alcohol. Alcoholism in its many forms is considered to be a major drug problem in the majority of Western societies. Problems related to immoderate consumption of alcohol are both immediate and long-term. It negatively affects the physical and mental health of the individual and the integrity of the society in which he or she lives. The signs and symptoms associated with alcoholism include a wide range of behaviors. These behaviors will vary amongst persons having alcohol related health problems. A behavior is a psychological action or response to a particular situation or stimuli. This also includes how one conducts themselves amongst and towards others. These actions and responses will differentiate pertaining to the cause of addiction. Causes have a wide range that can be found in the areas of hereditary, trauma/abuse from childhood, peer pressure or loneliness etc. Other problems include: drinking to the point of drunkenness in public, drinking alone or in secret, using alcohol to go to sleep or to help get started in the morning. An addict may use alcohol to modify stress, anger, and anxiety. It will get to the point of experiencing blackouts in which the person has no memory of what happened during an episode of heavy drinking. Aside from the well-known signs of drunkenness, which include: staggering, emotional liability, and incoherence of speech. The person suffering from chronic alcoholism also exhibits tremulousness, particularly of the hands, tachycardia, and sweating. The vast majority of alcoholics do not fit the stereotype of the drunken bum on Skid Row, but rather are ordinary people who are found in many different walks of life across all of society. Alcoholism may be associated with other psychiatric conditions. For example, alcoholism may be associated with affective disorders; excessive drinking may occur in both manic and depressive episodes. Also, individuals with antisocial personality disorder often consume excessive amounts of alcohol, although how many of them are actually in alcoholics is uncertain. There is no universally accepted explanation of why one person becomes an alcoholic if his environment emphasizes drinking, presenting it as a fashionable, or indeed indispensable, social pastime. Although many alcoholics have no family history of alcohol abuse or addiction, a person who grew up in a family in which both parents had alcohol related problems is at very high risk of becoming an alcoholic. Psychological factors play an important role in the development of alcoholism in an individual. Unresolved conflicts, loneliness, financial difficulties, social rejection, and marital problems may contribute to the development of alcoholism in susceptible persons. Studies performed in Denmark have shown that adopted children are more likely to become alcoholics if their biologic parents abused alcohol. This also plays a role in the development of alcoholism in susceptible persons.

Associated Pathologies: Alcohol is a toxic drug that is harmful to all of the body tissues. Protracted use can lead to a host of pathologic changes in the central nervous system, the liver (which detoxifies the drug), and the heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Although cirrhosis of the liver is the most recognized complication of alcoholism, recent research indicated that intellectual impairment can arise in the early stages of the disease, and permanent and disabling brain damage can eventually occur. Newborn infants of mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy are susceptible to FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME. The interrelationships between alcohol and hepatic disease are not completely understood. There is still dispute about whether cirrhosis associated with alcohol abuse (Larnnec’s cirrhosis) results from the direct hepatotoxic effects of alcohol abuse. Gastrointestinal disturbances are fairly common and include gastritis, excessive bowel activity, and esophageal varices. Coronary artery disease and hypertension are believed to be related to a high intake of alcohol, because it results in elevation of the level of triglycerides in the blood. Alcohol abusers have an increased risk of cancer of the mouth and esophagus. Habitual drinking may lower resistance to infection by producing immunosuppression. Alcohol has been associated with sexual impotence, probably because of suppression of the production of testosterone. Hangovers. The commonly experienced symptoms of headache, nausea, gastritis, emotional irritability, and mild tremors of the hands are most likely the result of the same physiologic mechanisms as those associated with the withdrawal syndrome. Over-the-counter medicines and home remedies are of questionable value except as placebos. Quiet, rest, and sleep are usually sufficient for recovery form an occasional drinking bout and its resultant discomfort.[10](See Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

Alcohol Abuse: Alcoholism may be divided into alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Alcohol abuse is marked by the need for alcohol in order to function adequately and by disruption of one’s life due to drinking. Such alcoholics may drink daily, try to cut down their drinking, indulge in binge drinking, or drink alcohol other than alcoholic beverages. They may have periods of amnesia for the time they are intoxicated, miss work, be arrested of account of acts committed while intoxicated, and have difficulties in their social and family life.[10]

Alcohol and Sex: Alcohol and sex deals with the effects of the consumption of alcohol on sexual behavior. The effects of alcohol are balanced between its suppressive effects on sexual physiology, which will decrease sexual activity, and its suppression of psychological inhibitions, which may increase the desire for sex.

Alcohol is a depressant. After consumption, alcohol causes the body's systems to slow down. Often, feelings of drunkenness are associated with elation and happiness but other feelings of anger or depression can arise. Balance, judgment, and coordination are also negatively affected. One of the most significant short term side effects of alcohol is reduced inhibition. Reduced inhibitions can lead to an increase in sexual behavior.

Women report that alcohol increases sexual arousal and desire, however, some studies show alcohol lower the physiological signs of arousal. A 2016 study found that alcohol negatively affected how positive the sexual experience was in both men and women. Studies have shown that acute alcohol consumption tends to cause increased levels of testosterone and estradiol. Since testosterone controls in part the strength of libido in women, this could be a physiological cause for an increased interest in sex. Also, because women have a higher percentage of body fat and less water in their bodies, alcohol can have a quicker, more severe impact. Women's bodies take longer to process alcohol; more precisely, a woman's body often takes one-third longer to eliminate the substance.

Sexual behavior in women under the influence of alcohol is also different from men. Studies have shown that increased blood alcohol concentration is associated with longer orgasmic latencies and decreased intensity of orgasm. Some women report a greater sexual arousal with increased alcohol consumption as well as increased sensations of pleasure during orgasm. Because ejaculatory response is visual and can more easily be measured in males, orgasmic response must be measured more intimately. In studies of the female orgasm under the influence of alcohol, orgasmic latencies were measured using a vaginal photoplethysmograph, which essentially measures vaginal blood volume.

Psychologically, alcohol has also played a role in sexual behavior. It has been reported that women who were intoxicated believed they were more sexually aroused than before consumption of alcohol. This psychological effect contrasts with the physiological effects measured, but refers back to the loss of inhibitions because of alcohol. Often, alcohol can influence the capacity for a woman to feel more relaxed and in turn, be more sexual. Alcohol may be considered by some women to be a sexual disinhibitor.[11]

Alcohol Dependence: The hallmarks of alcohol dependence, also known as alcohol addiction, are tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is the need to drink increased amounts of alcohol to produce the desired effects. Withdrawal is the appearance of certain symptoms when the alcoholic stops drinking. In addition, the same pathological behaviors that are seen in alcohol abuse are seen in alcohol dependence.

There is no firmly established limit to the amount of alcohol a person can consume before exhibiting signs of intoxication. Some can drink a large amount of liquor and maintain acceptable social behavior and perform psychomotor feats without great difficulty, while others can become intoxicated by ingesting a very small quantity. However, a blood alcohol level of 100 mg per 100 ml makes a driver legally intoxicated. Blood levels above 200 mg/ 100 ml can produce signs of severe intoxication. Pharmalogic tolerance to alcohol does not increase with use as with barbiturates or heroin. Over a period of time the heroin addict can increase his tolerance gradually to the point that he is able to withstand 50 times the dose he began with. A person who consumes enough alcohol to raise his blood alcohol level to 400 mg per 100 ml will probably lapse into a coma no matter how many years he has been drinking to excess. If the level of blood alcohol reaches 600 mg per 100 ml, respiration is severely and sometimes fatally depressed. Tolerance for alcohol may, in fact, decrease as the various organs of the body are repeatedly insulted and the disease becomes more severe and chronic in nature. Physical dependence is manifested most strikingly when the alcoholic is deprived of the drug and withdrawal symptoms appear. These symptoms are all manifestations of neurologic impairment and range from mild tremors of the hands, to seizures or delirium tremens. Tremulousness usually begins from 6 to 12 hours after drinking has diminished or ceased and may persist for 72 hours or more. Hallucinations can occur in an alcohol addict when the blood alcohol is very high as well as after drinking has ceased altogether and the level is relatively low. Hallucinations are also frequently a part of delirium tremens. Grand mal seizures resulting from withdrawal of alcohol can occur 12 to 24 hours after cessation of drinking. There is usually no forewarning or aura as often occurs in epilepsy. Residual twitching in specific areas of the body or a stuporous condition sometimes follows the seizure. About one-third of those having seizures associated with alcohol withdrawal eventually develop delirium tremens.

DELIRIUM TREMENS is the rarest of all withdrawal syndromes and the one that is most severe. It is potentially fatal without proper treatment. A person who is suffering from this form of withdrawal needs hospitalization and intensive care.[10](see Delirium Tremens)

Alcohol Intoxication: Alcohol intoxication, also known as alcohol poisoning, commonly described as drunkenness or inebriation, is the negative behavior and physical effects caused by a recent consumption of alcohol. In addition to the toxicity of ethanol, the main psychoactive component of alcoholic beverages, other physiological symptoms may arise from the activity of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol. These effects may not arise until hours after ingestion and may contribute to the condition colloquially known as a hangover.

Symptoms of intoxication at lower doses may include mild sedation and poor coordination. At higher doses, there may be slurred speech, trouble walking, and vomiting. Extreme doses may result in a respiratory depression, coma, or death. Complications may include seizures, aspiration pneumonia, injuries including suicide, and low blood sugar. Alcohol intoxication can lead to alcohol-related crime with perpetrators more likely to be intoxicated than victims.

Alcohol intoxication typically begins after two or more alcoholic drinks. Risk factors include a social situation where heavy drinking is common and a person having an impulsive personality. Diagnosis is usually based on the history of events and physical examination. Verification of events by witnesses may be useful. Legally, alcohol intoxication is often defined as a blood alcohol concentration of greater than 5.4–17.4 mmol/L (25–80 mg/dL or 0.025–0.080%). This can be measured by blood or breath testing. Alcohol is broken down in the human body at a rate of about 3.3 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) per hour, depending on an individual's metabolic rate (metabolism).

Management of alcohol intoxication involves supportive care. Typically this includes putting the person in the recovery position, keeping the person warm, and making sure breathing is sufficient.[11] (see Drunk)

Alcohol-Related Dementia (ARD): is a form of dementia caused by long-term, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. This repetitive behavior results in damage to the nervous system and impaired cognitive function. Cognition is the ability to mentally process and compute things in the areas of: reason, logic, problem solving and making judgments about information. Alcohol-related dementia is a broad term used amongst modern medical professionals. Other practitioners in the industry use the terms alcohol (or alcoholic) dementia to describe a specific form of ARD that may be characterized by bad planning, thinking, and judgment skills. Another form of ARD is characterized by short term memory loss and vitamin B1 deficiency. Certain individuals with alcohol-related dementia present with damage to the frontal lobes of their brain causing disinhibition (rude or offensive activity) and a disregard for the consequences of their behavior. Wernicke encephalopathy is a type of alcohol-related dementia that causes the destruction of certain areas of the brain: The destruction and symptoms are shown in the changes of a person’s memory, especially their short-term memory. Individuals affected by alcohol-related dementia may develop language impairment and an inability to perform complex motor tasks such as getting dressed. Heavy alcohol consumption also damages the nerves in the arms and legs, i.e. peripheral neuropathy, as well as the cerebellum that controls coordination thereby leading to the development of cerebellar ataxia. This is known as the jitters and/or also an inability to