Cognizing the Chinese Coercion

By Jagath Jayaprakash

A Report to the US Congress, "a review of the Pentagon's Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2021", worked as the basis for this book. It also acts as a warning to any Marxists who continue to portray the People's Republic of China as being in any way socialist. In essence, this book serves as a clarion cry to tackle China's challenge before regional security is jeopardised and the US alliances and the rules-based international order suffer severe irreparable harm.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Jagath Jayaprakash
• Release date: Feb 20, 2023
• ISBN: 9798215256435

Jagath Jayaprakash

Jagath Jayaprakash is an Academic Administrator by profession and an avid writer by intellectual pursuit. In addition, he publishes Op-Ed Articles on Political history, National security, Cyber warfare, and International relations in Malayalam and English for major media outlets like as Manorama Online, Janmabhumi, Indus Scrolls, Organiser, Kesari, and a host of other prominent news websites.

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Jagath Jayaprakash

Cognizing the Chinese Coercion

First published by Jagath Jayaprakash 2023

Copyright © 2023 by Jagath Jayaprakash

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher. It is illegal to copy this book, post it to a website, or distribute it by any other means without permission.

Jagath Jayaprakash asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work.

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All warfare is based on deception.

Sun Tzu, The Art of War

Contents

Preface

I. DECIPHERING THE NATIONAL STRATEGY

The Great Rejuvenation

Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy

National Security & Foreign Policy

Economic Policy

Regulatory Framework

Defense Policy & Military Strategy

II. EVALUATION OF THE ARMED FORCES

Modernisation & Reform

Military Preparation

Theatre Commands

Abilities in progress

Military Projection of Power Capabilities

Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Weapons

III. THE EMERGING GLOBAL PRESENCE

Combined National Authority

Three Warfares and Global mission

Military Manufacturing Developments

The Groundwork for Military Modernisation

IV. BORDER CLASHES

India-China border Confrontations

Taiwan Conflict

Maritime Disputes

Epilogue

Acronyms

Appendix

Bibliography

About the Author

Preface

As far as economic growth and development go, China has come a long way since 1978. This has allowed China to raise the level of living for its people, while also elevating the country’s profile internationally. In addition, China’s improving economic status and advancements in the domains of science and technology have allowed the government to undertake an all-encompassing military modernization project. China’s military modernization has increased in both speed and breadth over the past decade, allowing the country’s armed forces to build up capabilities that will allow them to aid in the delivery of international public goods and give China more leeway to employ force in pursuit of diplomatic advantage or to settle disputes in China’s favour. These advancements will not only increase China’s possibilities for employing military power to aid in the supply of international public goods but will also allow China to participate more actively in the delivery of such products. A new period in the development of the Chinese military began in this decade, coinciding with the establishment of goals and objectives for the PLA that went beyond the borders of China itself (Chinese military development). Some of these missions and the resulting skills have made it possible for the PLA to take part in international peacekeeping operations, humanitarian aid and disaster relief initiatives, and anti-piracy operations. We deeply value the United States’ recognition and praise of your accomplishments. The People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) anti-access and area-denial operations have been made possible via a number of additional investments. Others seem to be focused on improving the PLA’s capacity to project force over a longer distance, even though China’s potential to retain military forces across long distances remains restricted at the time. Chinese state-of-the-art long-range air defence systems, e-warfare and computer network assault capabilities, cutting-edge fighter aircraft, and counter-space systems. Newly constructed attack submarines packed with state-of-the-art armament.

China’s leaders have used the first two decades of the 21st century, which they call a period of strategic opportunity, to boost the country’s economy and military. In order to achieve their long-term aim of becoming the pre-eminent force in the Indo-Pacific region over the next few decades, China’s authorities are focusing their efforts on establishing a strong and prosperous China with a world-class military.

Chinese leaders continued to use a variety of economic, foreign policy, and security instruments to bring this goal to fruition in 2018. China’s state-led actions, both domestic and international, typically involve economic and diplomatic initiatives, all of which serve China’s security and military goals.

China’s Made in China 2025 and other state-directed goals for industrial growth are still being carried out. These initiatives place a strong emphasis on the replacement of imported technology with domestically produced technology. For countries that export high-tech products, these plans represent a significant economic challenge. These strategies also directly contribute to military modernization objectives by emphasising the acquisition of proprietary knowledge of innovative dual-use technology.

In order to achieve more efficiency, innovation, and prosperity, Chinese officials are attempting to link civil and defence technology development. In recent years, the Chinese government has prioritised a project known as Civil-Military Integration (CMI) as part of a broader attempt to attract civilian investment into the country’s defence sector. The national CMI plan aims to improve the country in many different ways.

As China’s economic, diplomatic, and military strength grows, its authorities are using it to build regional dominance and increase its worldwide influence. Chinese military bases will most likely be established in other countries due to the progress of projects such as the One Belt, One Road Initiative (OBOR), which is seen to be necessary to provide security for OBOR projects.

China engages in influence operations against the U.S. media, culture, commerce, intellectual, and policy communities and other countries and international organisations to achieve outcomes favourable to China’s security and strategic military objectives. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has made it one of its goals to condition foreign and multilateral political systems and public mood to support China’s discourse on topics like OBOR and China’s territorial and maritime claims in the South China Sea.

Since concerns have been raised regarding China’s objectives, Chinese authorities have toned down their language while promoting programmes like Made in China 2025 and the One Belt, One Road Initiative (OBOR). There has been no change to the overarching strategic goals of these endeavours.

Almost every year since 2000, the Pentagon in the United States has released a report detailing advances in the People’s Liberation Army, the organization’s primary adversary. Compared to the previous year’s report, the 2021 report was delayed by a few months. However, it was well worth the wait because it was packed with thought-provoking analyses of China’s military. It was released on 3 November as China Military Power Report (CMPR), a 192-page document titled Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2021 (also known as China Military Power Report (CMPR) for short.

In this CMPR, the author warns that China’s evolving capabilities and concepts continue to strengthen the PLA’s ability to ‘fight and win wars against a strong enemy’ (which is likely to be interpreted as the United States), coerce Taiwan and rival claimants in territorial disputes, counter an intervention by a third party in a conflict along the country’s periphery, and project power globally.

A Report to the US Congress, "a review of the Pentagon’s Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2021", worked as the basis for this book. It also acts as a warning to any Marxists who continue to portray the People’s Republic of China as being in any way socialist. In essence, this book serves as a clarion cry to tackle China’s challenge before regional security is jeopardised and the US alliances and the rules-based international order suffer severe irreparable harm.

Jagath Jayaprakash

Jammu

Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir

24/11/2022

I

Deciphering the National Strategy

It is crucial to comprehend how China’s military and security strategy will develop in the future. This, in turn, offers insights into the reform and modernization of the PLA in terms of power, technological advancements, organisational structure, and working principles in the present and the future.

The Great Rejuvenation

The PRC has demarcated strategic competition as a struggle between powerful nation-states and a conflict between different ideological systems. Beijing sees the U.S. as being more eager to restrict the PRC, potentially impeding its agenda. Besides, the leaders of the People’s Republic of China are becoming more inclined to challenge the United States and other countries in areas where their interests PRC officials see their goal to attain political, social, and economic modernity, as defined by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), as a vast national enterprise with far-reaching implications for the PRC and, by extension, the globe.

For the ruling Communist Party, national rejuvenation means that China has achieved prosperity, strength, democracy, cultural advancement, and harmony. Beijing’s plan involves deliberate and coordinated efforts to amass, bolster, and deploy domestic and international facets of state power that will put the PRC in such a leadership position.

To achieve national rejuvenation, the PRC has embarked on a long-term planning process that establishes objectives, priorities, and milestones across virtually every sector of governance and policy, including economics, politics, the rule of law, civil security, national defence, diplomacy, defence, social affairs, education, technology and science culture, and the environment, among others.

The People’s Republic of China works to expand its national influence by defending and advancing national sovereignty, national security, and economic prosperity. Beijing bases its national aims and statecraft on the CCP-dominated political system, which is founded on the party’s theory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. The basic line, a single sentence in the CCP’s constitution that serves as the party’s mission and the basis of its policies, is perhaps the finest description of the Party’s approach. At the 19th Party Congress, Xi Jinping Concept on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era was added to the CCP’s constitution as part of a series of amendments. Unanimously endorsed by Party delegates, Xi Jinping Thought positions General Secretary Xi Jinping as the centrepiece of the CCP’s future policy objectives and is being heralded as a guidance tool for the Party and all the Chinese people to struggle for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese country.

Outward Ambitions

According to State Councilor Yang Jiechi, a part of the Politburo and a top Party official on foreign policy, the