Fifty Stars of The Western Union: The Old Line State

By Ellias Aghili Dehnavi, Sepideh Hekmat Shoar, Sahel Abdollahi Manesh and Mahdi Amini

Have you ever been to Maryland? No? Then you should surely go there!
The Old Line State is the Fourth Book of the Grand Project : Descriptive Educational Encyclopaedia for kids ( DEK) in this book, we have shed light on some general aspects of the Maryland State.
What is new in this book? Aha! This book has also a Spanish Part! I guess we keep adding sections in different languages from now on!
Keep well and enjoy your Maryland tour!

• Language: English
• Publisher: tredition
• Release date: Sep 26, 2022
• ISBN: 9783347732483

Ellias Aghili Dehnavi

Born on the 28th of January, 1996 in a family who love art, literature and history. Ellias soon found his taste in literature and especially poetry. He wrote his first limerick when was 12 years old. Later on when he was 14, books like “the peace book by Todd Parr”, “let there be peace on earth: and let it begin with me by Jill Jackson and Sy Miller” , “What does peace feel like? By Vladimir Radunsky “helped him to get familiar with the essence of peace. Reading poems by Calude Mckay , Wendell Berry and Robert Frost in that age inspired him to start writing poems in a more serious way, sonnets of Shakespeare were also good sources of inspiration for him. So when he was 16, Ellias wrote the book called: “International Poems Collection” the book got the first provincial place in the most famous competition of inventions in Iran , “Kharazmi ” and the fifth place in the country competition, yet to be the only project of its kind. This book received confirmations from the University of Isfahan and now is being preserved in the ministry of science and research and technology. Next year, Ellias with the cooperation of two hardworking and creative friends, (Hosein Heidari and Hooman Danesh) wrote another poetry booked called: A Path to Salvation. This book also won Kharazmi awards. His Excellency, Dr. Zarif, wrote a thanks letter for Ellias for the book since it includes some nice and extraordinary elements of literature, humanity, peace and international relations. Other literary academicals project he’s worked on are: “Death of Sarah Black, Explosion of apartheid and the footstep of Apartheid in Vietnam”. Ellias is going to publish another poetry collection named “Peace Poems” in the close future. He’s currently the Director manager of M.O.P academy

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Maryland

The Old Line State !

Maryland is a state in the northeastern United States. Its capital is Annapolis, and its largest city is Baltimore. With an area of only 32,160 km^{2 for a population of 5,773,552, it is one of the smallest states in the country but also one of the most densely populated.}

The Province of Maryland was founded in 1632 by Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron of Baltimore. Named in honor of Henrietta Maria of France, wife of the King of England Charles I Stuart, the territory welcomes Catholics persecuted in England. The cultivation of tobacco ensured its prosperity during the 17th century.

The state's economy is based on agriculture in the Piedmont region, biotechnology, the activity of the port of Baltimore, and above all the presence of several bases of the American army (Fort George G. Meade, Aberdeen Proving Ground). Maryland is the nation's highest per capita income state, but Baltimore has significant social issues. In addition, although its main political figure is the Republican Spiro Agnew, vice-president of Richard Nixon, the state has had a democratic tradition since the 1960s. A place of tolerance, it is renowned for having seen the birth of freedom of religion in the United States.

History of Maryland

Maryland is one of the Thirteen British colonies that revolted in 1776 to form the United States of America.

Pre-colonial history

The first European explorers arrived in the region in the 16th century: Giovanni da Verrazzano crossed in front of the Chesapeake Bay in 1524, and John Smith entered there in 1608.

The early colonial history of Maryland

Maryland was founded by the family of George Calvert, Baron of Baltimore, who obtained from Charles I of England a feudal charter, assuring privileges to an aristocracy, to come from Newfoundland with 300 Irish Catholics on November 22, 1633. Converted to Catholicism, Calvert ensured that the new colony was open to Catholics as well as to other immigrants. From 1634 the first group of settlers was accompanied by Jesuit missionary priests led by Father Andrew White. Among the thirteen founding colonies of the 'United States of America', Maryland is the only one where religious freedom was effective from its origin.

After the death of George Calvert in April 1632, the charter of the colony of Maryland was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, second baron of Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. Cecilius Calvert, whose son Charles Calvert would be governor in 1720, recruited also Protestant settlers for Maryland, to show that the two religions can cohabit. Led by Leonard Calvert, Cecil Calvert's younger brother, the first settlers left Cowes, an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight, on November 22, 1633, in two small ships, the Ark and the Dove. They landed on March 25,1634, on St. Clement Island in the Potomac.

Maryland is named after Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles.

Maryland and the British Civil War

Before and after the Third English Civil War (1649-1651), Catholic aristocrats who remained loyal to King Charles I, settled everywhere in the colonies, in Barbados, Virginia, the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Man, where they mobilized local militias.

The Parliamentary (Protestant) forces secured control of Maryland in 1654 through the construction of a more powerful national navy. Governor William Stone went into exile in the Colony of Virginia. He returned the following year as head of the Cavaliers and marched on Annapolis, but was ultimately defeated.

Finally, in what is known as the Battle of the Severns (March 25, 1655), Stone was defeated and taken prisoner. He was succeeded as governor by Josias Fendall (c. 1628-1687).

In 1660, the population stagnated at 12,000 inhabitants. It reached 16,000 in 1669 and 30,000 at the end of the century.

Large tobacco plantations in Maryland

The expansion of the colony is carried out thanks to the port of Baltimore, founded in 1706 for the needs of the tobacco plantations located in Virginia and Maryland. It was the closest port to the West Indies, in the midst of the sugar boom, which then imported slaves and sugar. Baltimore had the advantage of being closer to the Caribbean than other ports like New York or Boston, which reduced shipping times and costs. The plantation of cane is tried without much success in Maryland, just like that of cotton around 1780.

A third of the population was a slave from 1750, 40% in 1754, mainly in the south and east, near Virginia. Around 1775, Maryland had around 200,000 inhabitants, including 70,000 slaves and 6,000 black servants from the aristocracy of Baltimore, a city of only 15,000 inhabitants.

The action of John Woolman from 1746 to 1768, created dissension between Protestants and Catholics. This itinerant Quaker preacher, traveling in the North American colonies, preaching against conscription, military taxes, and slavery, carried the letters of the Friends of London to the people of Maryland. Owning slaves would be deemed incompatible with Quakerism in 1750. near, the high plateaus of the North-West, count only 15.000 slaves against 300.0 autonomous peasants. But the low plains of eastern Virginia, near the Atlantic coast, had about half a million slaves.

The independence War

None of the