The Fuse of the Fusil: Terrorism as a Legal Fact for the Application of International Humanitarian Law

By Rogerio Cietto

The fuse is a safety device in an electrical circuit, whose function is to interrupt the flow of electrical current in the circuit, when it exceeds the limit allowed by the fuse, thus preventing a short circuit. In the past, it served to protect the electrical part of homes and was replaced by the circuit breaker, which simply turns off when the current is greater than it can handle. Today, fuses are widely used in home appliances.

The fusil is a portable firearm, in which the ammunition is inserted on the back, semi-automatic or automatic, with a long tube with a rifled core (for greater precision) (Decree 10.030, of September 30, 2019, Controlled Products Regulation (R-105), access on August 20, 2020). Unlike a pistol (weapon for personal defense), the rifle has a greater range and is more destructive, being the weapon used by armed forces around the world in international and non-international conflicts and even in situations of repression against criminal groups and terrorists.

Just as the fuse is used to protect the home from excess electrical current, the fusil (the use of armed force) is used to protect a country from excessive political-legal tension. The fuse blows to protect the electronics assembly of a device from a hazardous situation. The fusil enters the scene to protect the set of political, legal and even economic values ​​of a society at risk.

But it's easy to measure the current in a circuit and design a compatible fuse according to average use. On the other hand, it is not easy to find a reliable indicator for the use of armed forces in the different political and legal situations of tension in a society. Between lasting peace and genocide there is a cloud of hypotheses of internal tensions, caused by natural and anthropological elements, even the mixture of both.

Why is this definition important? Because from it, the applicable legal system will be defined to legitimize the use of force. Briefly, for situations of institutional normality (including internal disturbances, fighting and preventing crime and political demonstrations) the Human Rights (HR) rules are applicable. For cases of institutional collapse (coups, armed revolutions and civil wars), international humanitarian law (IHL) is the most appropriate.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Rogerio Cietto
• Release date: Sep 6, 2022
• ISBN: 9781005173425

Rogerio Cietto

?? Um livro, Um dólar, Um bambu ??Para cada livro comprado vamos plantar um bambu em uma área degradada no cerrado brasileiro.?? One book, One dollar, One bamboo ??For each book purchased we will plant a bamboo in a degraded area at the Brazilian cerrado (savanna).?? Un livre, Un dollar, Un bambou ??Pour chaque livre acheté nous planterons un bambou dans une zone degradée du cerrado (savane) brésilien.?? Un libro, Un dólar, Un bambú ??Por cada libro comprado plantaremos un bambú en un área degradada en el cerrado brasileño (sabana).Rogério Paiva Cietto was born in a small town in São Paulo, Brazil, and worked as an attorney, language teacher, and also in civil construction.Nowadays he serves the people as a military officer in the Brazilian Army, as a Legal Advisor in International Humanitarian Law.Married to Camila and father of Maísa and Alessa, he is a devoted and caring leader of his family.As a consecrated member of the Holy Family Community in Goiânia, he is the coordinator of a spiritual retreat with physical activities, called Christian Armor Camp (CAC).He's planning to start with some friends a work cooperative in the heart of Brazil, manufacturing Guadua Bamboo for a number of uses, as a way to help the planet and the people.

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The Fuse of the Fusil – Terrorism as a legal fact for the application of International Humanitarian Law

Published by Rogerio Paiva Cietto no Smashwords

Copyright 2022 Rogerio Paiva Cietto

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Hear, Lord, my pitiful voice. Protect my life from the terror of the enemy, protect me from the conspiracy of the wicked, deliver me from the multitude of evildoers. They sharpen their tongues like swords, shoot poisoned words like arrows, to shoot, from hiding, the innocent, to strike him suddenly, without fear of anything. They are obstinate in their evil designs, they secretly hide how to set their snares, saying: Who will see us? They plan crimes and hide their plans; unfathomable are the spirit and heart of each. But God hits them with his arrows, suddenly they are wounded. Their own language prepared them for ruin. Those who see them shake their heads. Out of fear they claim to be the work of God and acknowledge what he has done. The righteous rejoice in the Lord and trust in him. And all the upright in heart triumph. Psalms 63 (64), 2-11

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work is to study the phenomenon of terrorism as an event capable of modifying the legal system that regulates the use of the State's armed force against the group responsible for the attack, in order to guarantee the legal protection necessary for the use of violence so as to guarantee the protection of the democratic State of Law threatened. In principle, the concepts of State and Nation are defined, as well as one of its pillars, Sovereignty, and the legitimate use of violence against the citizen to ensure respect for law and order. Next, we present the two applicable legal systems for the use of armed force, Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law. In the sequence we study the phenomenon of terrorism, especially the classification of this crime within the legal order. We do an approach on local and international justice, as well as transitional justice. We present the international legal norms to suppress terrorism and the use of legal norms by terrorists to achieve their objectives. In the end, we study cases of revolutionary terrorist groups and we compare them with criminal groups that use terrorism with revolutionary intentions, although not declared. This work is based on research and bibliography on the subject.

Keywords: Terrorism. Rule of law. International crimes. International right.

RESUMEN

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el fenómeno del terrorismo como evento capaz de modificar el ordenamiento jurídico que regula el uso de la fuerza armada del Estado contra el grupo responsable por el atentado, de forma a garantir la protección jurídica necesaria para el empleo de la violencia estatal visando garantir la protección del Estado Democrático de Derecho amenazado. En principio se definen los conceptos de Estado y Nación, así como uno de sus pilares, la Soberanía, e el uso legítimo de la violencia contra el ciudadano para hacer respetar la ley y la orden. Después presentamos los dos ordenamientos jurídicos aplicables para el uso de la fuerza armada, los Derechos Humanos y el Derecho Internacional Humanitario. En la secuencia estudiamos el fenómeno del terrorismo, en especial la tipificación de este crimen dentro de la orden jurídica. Hacemos un abordaje sobre la justicia local e internacional, así como la justicia transicional. Presentamos las normas jurídicas internacionales para reprimir el terrorismo y el uso de las normas jurídicas por parte de los terroristas para alcanzar sus objetivos. Al final estudiamos casos de grupos terroristas revolucionarios y los comparamos con grupos criminales que usan el terrorismo con intención revolucionaria, aunque no declarada. Esta obra se basa en búsqueda y bibliografía sobre el asunto.

Palabras-llave: Terrorismo. Estado de Derecho. Crímenes internacionales. Derecho Internacional.

RÉSUMÉ

L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier le phénomène du terrorisme en tant qu'événement susceptible de modifier le système juridique qui réglemente l'utilisation de la force armée de l'État contre le groupe responsable de l'attaque, afin de garantir la protection juridique nécessaire à l'usage de la violence par l’État visant à garantir la protection de l'État de Droit démocratique menacé. En principe, les concepts d'État et de Nation sont définis, ainsi que l'un de ses piliers, la Souveraineté, et l'usage légitime de la violence contre le citoyen pour assurer le respect de la loi et de l'ordre. Ensuite, nous présentons les deux systèmes juridiques applicables à l'utilisation de la force armée, les Droits de l'Homme et le Droit International Humanitaire. Dans la séquence, nous étudions le phénomène du terrorisme, en particulier la classification de ce crime dans l'ordre juridique. Nous faisons une approche sur la justice locale et internationale, ainsi que sur la justice transitionnelle. Nous présentons les normes juridiques internationales pour réprimer le terrorisme et l’utilisation de normes juridiques par les terroristes pour atteindre leurs objectifs. En fin de compte, nous étudions des cas de groupes terroristes révolutionnaires et nous les comparons avec des groupes criminels qui utilisent le terrorisme avec des intentions révolutionnaires, bien que non déclarées. Ce travail est basé sur des recherches et une bibliographie sur le sujet.

Mots clés: Terrorisme. État de droit. Crimes internationaux. Droit international.

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION

2. STATE AND NATION

2.1 STATE

2.2. NATION

3. SOVEREIGNTY AND VIOLENCE

3.1 SOVEREIGNTY

3.2. STATE AND VIOLENCE

4. INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

5. TERRORISM, NEW AND OLD FORMS

5.1. DEFINITIONS OF TERRORISM

5.2. INTENTION OF TERRORISM

6. WHAT KIND OF CRIME IS TERRORISM?

7. ROLE OF LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL COURTS OF JUSTICE

7.1. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS

7.2. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC)

7.3. INTERNATIONALIZED CRIMINAL JURISDICTION

7.4. ASPECTS OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE

8. EFFORTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AGAINST TERRORISM

9. ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL WARFARE AGAINST TERRORISM

10. CASE STUDY OF REVOLUTIONARY TERRORIST GROUPS

11. CASE STUDY OF CRIMINAL GROUPS THAT PRACTICE TERRORISM

12. CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

1. INTRODUCTION

The fuse is a safety device in an electrical circuit, whose function is to interrupt the flow of electrical current in the circuit, when it exceeds the limit allowed by the fuse, thus preventing a short circuit. In the past, it served to protect the electrical part of homes and was replaced by the circuit breaker, which simply turns off when the current is greater than it can handle. Today, fuses are widely used in home appliances.

The fusil is a portable firearm, in which the ammunition is inserted on the back, semi-automatic or automatic, with a long tube with a rifled core (for greater precision) (Decree 10.030, of September 30, 2019, Controlled Products Regulation (R-105), access on August 20, 2020). Unlike a pistol (weapon for personal defense), the rifle has a greater range and is more destructive, being the weapon used by armed forces around the world in international and non-international conflicts and even in situations of repression against criminal groups and terrorists.

Just as the fuse is used to protect the home from excess electrical current, the fusil (the use of armed force) is used to protect a country from excessive political-legal tension. The fuse blows to protect the electronics assembly of a device from a