A State-of-the-Art Guide for Post-Installed Reinforcement

By Daniel TW Looi, Ray KL Su and Emad Gad

A State-of-the-Art Guide for Post-Installed Reinforcement provides comprehensive coverage on installation, design, and assessment guidelines for post-installed reinforcements, a unique technology used very commonly in the construction industry. Previously published in Hong Kong, this Malaysian edition includes new EOTA technical reports and European Assessment Documents, fundamentals for post-installed reinforcements, design proposals, as well as unique design examples, all of which is specifically tailored for the Malaysian context.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Sunway University Press
• Release date: Jul 22, 2022
• ISBN: 9789675492754

Book preview

Daniel TW Looi

Ray KL Su

Emad Gad

Copyright © 2023 by Sunway University Sdn Bhd

Published by Sunway University Press

An imprint of Sunway University Sdn Bhd

No. 5, Jalan Universiti

Bandar Sunway

47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan

Malaysia

press.sunway.edu.my

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, now known or hereafter invented, without permission in writing from the publisher.

eISBN 978-967-5492-75-4

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia              Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Looi, Daniel T. W.

A State-of-the-Art Guide for : POST-INSTALLED REINFORCEMENTS / Daniel T.W. Looi, Ray K.L. Su, Emad Gad.

Mode of access: Internet

eISBN 978-967-5492-75-4

1. Civil engineering.

2. Reinforced concrete.

3. Structural engineering.

4. Structural design.

5. Electronic books.

I. Su, Ray K. L. II. Gad, Emad.

III. Title.

624

Edited by Nicholas Hoe

Designed and Typeset by Rachel Goh

Ebook formatting by Teaspoon Publishing

Extracts of this book have been reproduced or adapted with permission from Hong Kong University Press.

Disclaimer

The information in this book is true and complete to the best of the authors’ knowledge. The authors disclaim liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or properties, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the book.

All information in this publication is correct at the time of printing and may be subject to changes.

Cover image: Yurii Andreichyn/Shutterstock.com

Image used under licence from Shutterstock.com

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Symbols

1. Introduction to Post-installed Reinforcement

1.1 Overview

1.1.1 International qualification and design standards for PIR

1.1.2 Documents relevant for practice in Malaysia in a post-British Standards era

1.1.3 Quick guide to the naming convention of EOTA EAD

1.2 Concrete-to-Concrete Connection

1.2.1 Local load transfer mechanism in PIR

1.2.2 Failure modes for PIR

1.2.3 Shear stress transfer at the interface of new and existing concrete

1.3 Material for PIR

1.3.1 Adhesive systems

1.3.1.1 Adhesive types

1.3.1.2 Temperature effects on adhesives

1.3.1.3 Design working life

1.3.1.4 Selecting the right adhesive system

1.3.2 Base materials

1.3.2.1 Concrete

1.3.2.2 Others (e.g., rock)

1.3.3 Reinforcement

2. Installation Process for Post-installed Reinforcement

2.1 General

2.1.1 Installer competency

2.1.2 Installation process

2.2 Location for Safe Drilling

2.3 Roughening of Existing Concrete Surface

2.3.1 Roughening area

2.3.2 Requirements according to BS 8110-1 (1997)

2.3.3 Requirements according to MS EN 1992-1-1 (2010)

2.3.4 Requirements for surface roughening construction works according to TR 066 (2020)

2.3.5 Methods of surface preparation

2.4 Hole drilling

2.4.1 Hole drilling requirements

2.4.2 Hole drilling methods

2.4.3 Hole drilling aids

2.5 Hole cleaning

2.6 Adhesive injection

2.6.1 Inspection before injection

2.6.2 Types of dispensing tool

2.6.3 Injection process

2.7 Rebar insertion and setting

2.7.1 Rebar preparation

2.7.2 Rebar insertion

3. Qualification of Post-installed Reinforcement

3.1 Basic principles

3.2 Introduction to EAD 330087-01 (2020), EAD 332402-v01 (2021), and AC 308 (2019)

3.3 Resistance under fire exposure

3.3.1 Fire rating requirement in Malaysia according to the Uniform Building By-Laws (1984)

3.3.2 Fire exposure assessment as per EAD 330087-01 (2020)

3.4 Seismic actions requirement

3.4.1 Introduction to the seismic environment in Malaysia, MS EN 1998-1 (2015), and Malaysia National Annex (2017)

3.4.2 Seismic assessment by cyclic test as per EAD 330087-01 (2020)

3.5 Recommendation for providing qualifications for PIR in Malaysia

4. Proposed Design Procedure for Post-installed Reinforcement

4.1 Anchorage design: Cast-in rebar anchorage method, improved bond-splitting behaviour method or bonded anchor design method?

4.2 Design provisions for PIR in MS EN 1992-1-1 (2010)

4.2.1 Fundamental derivation of anchorage length

4.2.2 Required anchorage length

4.2.3 Design anchorage length

4.2.4 Lap length

4.2.5 Simplified detailing rules

4.2.6 Summary of bond strength as per MS EN 1992-1-1 (2010)

4.3 TR 069 (2019) to harmonise MS EN 1992-1-1 (2010) and EN 1992-4 (2018)

4.3.1 PIR yielding failure

4.3.2 Cone failure

4.3.3 Bond-splitting failure

4.4 TR 066 (2020) for application of shear connector in concrete overlay

4.4.1 ULS design actions at the shear interface

4.4.1.1 Determining longitudinal shear and tensile force due to external forces

4.4.1.2 Determining longitudinal shear and tensile force due to restraint at the perimeter

4.4.1.3 Non-superposition checking of shear stress and tensile force

4.4.2 Shear interface capacity

4.4.3 Tensile capacity of the connector at the shear interface

4.4.4 Minimum interface reinforcement and constructive interface reinforcement

4.4.5 Disregard presence of stirrups or hoops

4.4.6 Fatigue and seismic actions provisions

4.5 Recommended PIR design method for Malaysia

4.5.1 Proposal 1: Strut-and-tie method to calculate actual design stress

4.5.2 Proposal 2: Options for bond stress

4.5.3 Proposal 3: Impose minimum anchorage and lap length

4.5.4 Proposal 4: Impose minimum cover and edge distance

4.5.5 Proposal 5: Introduce cone and bond-splitting check as per TR 069 (2019)

4.5.6 Proposal 6: Special application – Shear friction check for concrete overlay as per TR 066 (2020)

4.6 Design examples

4.6.1 Shear action

4.6.2 Bending and shear action

4.6.3 Special application

5. Quality Control of Post-installed Reinforcement in Malaysia

5.1 Supervision, inspection and certification

5.1.1 Supervisor

5.1.2 Supervision

5.1.3 Inspection

5.1.4 Certification

5.2 On-site testing

5.2.1 Tester

5.2.2 Verification of installation quality

5.2.3 Test report

5.3 Tender specification

6. Concluding Remarks

6.1 Summary of the Guide

6.2 Additional notes for design consideration

6.3 Software design tools

6.4 Additional readings

References

Index

About the Authors

Acknowledgements

Preface

In Malaysia, post-installed reinforcements (PIR) are widely used in construction to connect reinforced concrete elements cast at different times. For years structural designers have relied on product suppliers for specialist designs as no PIR design guideline has been specially written for Malaysia following the Eurocodes. Moreover, the development of PIR designed according to European standards has been rapid since 2010, and picking up a large pool of knowledge within a short period is arduous.

A State-of-the-Art Guide for Post-installed Reinforcement (hereafter named the Guide) is written specifically for Malaysia. Compared to other books on PIR, this Guide is significantly enhanced with new European Organisation for Technical Assessment (EOTA) Technical Reports (TR) and European Assessment Documents (EAD). Highlights of the Guide include:

Introduction to the fundamentals of PIR qualification, design, installation, and quality control

Six recommended proposals to design concrete-to-concrete connections; discussion of state-of-the-art technologies, i.e., the design of starter bars with improved bond-splitting behaviour as per TR 069 (2019) and shear friction interfaces as per TR 066 (2020)

Five unique and comprehensive PIR design examples to guide readers in following the design steps according to the proposals

This Guide serves as a helpful reference for civil engineering communities in Malaysia (and other countries using the European Standards), i.e., structural designers, contractors, and installers. It is hoped that the Guide will eventually contribute to a Malaysian standard of practice for PIR.

Daniel TW Looi

PhD (HKU) MIEAust CPEng (Structural)

Abbreviations

Symbols