Understanding Periodontitis: A Comprehensive Guide to Periodontal Disease for Dentists, Dental Hygienists and Dental Patients

By Dr. Nkem Obiechina

Periodontitis is the number one cause of tooth loss in the United States for adults thirty years and older. Periodontal disease affects over seventy-five to eighty percent of adults, and more recently has been found to have major implications for systemic health especially for patients with diabetes and high blood pressure. In 2017 the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) collaborated to create a new classification for periodontal disease and peri-implant diseases. The goal of this revised edition is to review this classification and contrast it to the 1999 classification as well as evaluate its impact on periodontal diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.

Understanding Periodontitis not only reviews the categories of periodontitis, but also provides a detailed informative resource on diagnosing, categorizing and treating periodontitis. By utilizing illustrations as well as actual pictures of various procedures, it works well also as an interactive informative hand book that dentists, hygienists, as well as dental patients alike will benefit from to better understand periodontal disease.

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse
• Release date: Sep 27, 2011
• ISBN: 9781546276968

Dr. Nkem Obiechina

Dr. Obiechina completed her training in periodontics and implant dentistry from Columbia University. She received her doctor of dental medicine degree from University of Pittsburgh in 1998. She is the recipient of the Melvin Morris award for clinical excellence from Columbia University as well as the Northeast Regional Board Student award for excellence in periodontics from University of Pittsburgh Dental School. Dr. Obiechina has extensive training in periodontal regeneration procedures, soft tissue grafting as well as partial and full mouth reconstruction utilizing dental implants, and all phases of periodontics. She is also skilled with grafting procedures utilizing ramus, chin grafts, and freeze dried cortical bone to prepare implant sites by increasing bone height, as well as sinus elevation utilizing osteotome and lateral window techniques. She has been practicing all scopes of periodontics and implant dentistry for over years, and has active licenses in New York, New Jersey, Washington DC and California. She has published a book released 2011 entitled: Essential Implant therapy: A patient’s guide Understanding dental implant therapy and Understanding Periodontitis also published in the same year. She also published an article in September 2000 edition of Dentistry Today on treatment of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. She is also a co-author of a paper published in the European Journal of Oral Sciences October 2002 titled Periodontal microbiota and clinical periodontal status in a rural sample in southern Thailand. She has also given a presentation for the April 2001 ADA meeting in Washington D.C. on Periodontal and Prosthetic approach to dental implants. She remains active within the field of periodontics offering continuing education courses and seminars to general dentists.

Book preview

Understanding Periodontitis:

A comprehensive guide to Periodontal Disease for dentists, dental hygienists and dental patients.

(Revised Edition with current periodontal classification and review of 2017 World Workshop consensus on Periodontal and Peri-implant diseases)

DR. NKEM OBIECHINA

Au

thorHouse™

1663 Liberty Drive

Bloomington, IN 47403

www.authorhouse.com

Phone: [phone]

© 2011, 2015 Dr. Nkem Obiechina. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

Published by AuthorHouse 11/02/2018

ISBN: 978-1-5462-7696-8 (sc)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011913624

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

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Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION

PART I: DIAGNOSING PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Chapter 1: Overview of Periodontal Disease

Review of 2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases

Chapter 2: Diagnosing Periodontal Disease

PART II: CLASSIFYING PERIODONTITIS

Chapter 3: Chronic Periodontitis

Chapter 4: Aggressive Periodontitis

Chapter 5: Periodontitis that is associated with systemic conditions

Chapter 6: Periodontal disease that is related to periodontal abscesses

Chapter 7: Periodontitis that is related to Endodontic Abscesses

Chapter 8: Acquired Developmental conditions affecting periodontal health

Chapter 9: Host susceptibility factors affecting periodontal disease

Chapter 10: Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases

PART III: PERIODONTAL THERAPY

Chapter 11: Non-surgical Periodontal therapy

Chapter 12: Surgical Periodontal therapy

Chapter13: Periodontal plastic surgery and soft tissue augmentation procedures

Chapter 14: Dental Implants

Chapter 15: Periodontal Maintenance

PART IV: Conclusion

REFERENCES

Introduction

Periodontal disease is a chronic infection that affects bone and supporting tissue around teeth. If left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss. The goal of this revised edition is to present information on the latest 2017 classification of periodontal and peri-implant disease and conditions, and contrast it to the existing 1999 classification in order to provide detailed information about understanding, diagnosing, making a prognosis about periodontal conditions and treating periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

This book looks at periodontal disease, and more specifically, the types and causes of plaque induced periodontitis. It also reviews factors including plaque and non-plaque related modulators that increase the risk of periodontal disease and how periodontal disease affects a person’s periodontal, dental, and systemic health.

The goal is to provide a review for dentists, and hygienists about the current developments in diagnosis and treating periodontal disease, as well as to provide a detailed background about periodontitis for people that want a better understanding about the causes and treatment of periodontitis.

Based on the NHANES III study of a representative sample to estimate periodontitis in 105.8 million civilian Americans between 1988 and 1994, fifty three percent of adults aged between thirty to ninety years had 3mm or more of attachment loss in at least one site, while about sixty four percent had probing depth in one site equal to or more than 3mm. Thirty five million adults thirty years and older based on the sample had periodontitis.¹

The implications of not treating periodontitis go beyond detrimentally affecting dental health and tooth loss, and can severely affect systemic health as well. Strong correlations have been found between periodontal disease and systemic diseases such as coronary heart disease and diabetes.⁷, ¹⁵

Severe periodontal disease is also correlated with worsening of diabetes and coronary heart disease. It also has implications for respiratory disease and can be correlated with low birth weight and preterm birth in babies.⁷ Periodontal disease not only presents a risk for the health of teeth, but also adversely affects systemic health.

Chapter 1: Periodontal Disease Overview

Periodontal disease is a condition that affects the supporting tissue around the root of teeth. Plaque induced periodontal disease is caused by a bacterial plaque film which calcifies around teeth becoming tartar