A Defiant Nation

By Clifford Simmie Tyus

The book A Defiant Nation entails the resolution for America to get right with God before it is destroyed for its sinfulness. People of America are turning away from God on a continuous basis, and I believe this is the reason Americans are faced with so many difficult unsolvable problems, and the problems are getting worse by the year!

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse
• Release date: Aug 9, 2017
• ISBN: 9781546202837

Clifford Simmie Tyus

Clifford Simmie Tyus was born in Washington, Arkansas on July 3, 1941. He is the youngest of six children born to the late William and Lena Tyus. At a very young age Clifford developed the desire to write. His desire to write was born out of many experiences of living under the stress of segregation and seeing no real future for black residents of the south during the late 50’s and early 60’s, and he wanted the world to know about it! However, despite growing up under the auspices of racism and a faulty educational system, he went on to graduate from college with a degree in Administration of Justice. In his 39-year law enforcement career, he reached the rank of Captain. He was one of the founders of S.E.I.U. Local 602, United Professional Peace Officers Union, and served as its President from 1981 to 1989. During his tenure as President of the Local he was instrumental in the creation of legislation that enhanced the enforcement powers of his agency, the Los Angeles County Police Department (Office of Public Safety). After his retirement from the position of Police Captain, he was appointed as a Planning Commissioner for the City of Carson, California by the Mayor of that city, and is currently serving in that position. He also serves in the capacity of Deacon at his church where he is very active. He and his wife Carolyn are frequent world travelers, and he continues to write between his trips to many parts of the world. His mission is to write until his message of social and economic enhancement is heard and acted on in a positive way by his people.

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© 2017 Clifford Simmie Tyus. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

Published by AuthorHouse  11/08/2017

ISBN: 978-1-5462-0284-4 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-5462-0282-0 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-5462-0283-7 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017911991

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models,

and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

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Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

Scriptures used are are from the Holy Bible, King James Version.

Contents

Introduction

They Came to Conquer

How I Learned About, and Experienced Hatred

A Life Experience

My Plight Revealed the Existence of Angels

Another Revelation

Chapter

1.   Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people (nation) (Proverb 14:34)

2.   Loyalty to the Crown Becomes Weak

3.   The Making of a Revolutionary War

4.   Has Living in a Democratic Society Blinded Us?

5.   We Must Never Forget that God is the Creator, and we are the Created!

6.   Dominion versus Slavery

7.   The Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment

8.   Through the Eyes of Godless Men

9.   The Unites States

10. The United States’ Relations with Canada and Mexico

11. Whose Posterity Was at Stake During the Formative Years of America?

12. Runaway Slaves Prove Their Ability to Survive

13. The Impact of Separation of Church and State

14. The Danger of Special Laws for Americans Based on the Color of Their Skin

15. The Truth Shall Set You Free

16. Farm Subsidy is a Killer

17. We Have Come This Far by Faith

18. Warning Signs of America’s Great Fall

19. Defiance is More Than a Word

20. Thou shall have no other gods before Me

21. The Confrontational Challenges of Democracy

22. Is America For Sale?

23. The Land of the Free, and the Home of the Brave!

24. Do Americans of African Descent Really Have Shallow Feelings for White People?

25. We Must Realize We Cannot Make it on Our Own

26. We are our Children’s Keeper

27. The Failure of Democracy in Plain View

28. Love is the Adhesive that Holds a Nation of People Together

29. The Rough Side of the Mountain

30. Challenge to Gangs

31. Twentieth Century Americans vs. Twenty-First Century Americans

32. Did Americans Leave Anything for Their Children to Fight For?

33. Is Man’s Laws Contrary to God’s Commandments?

34. The rise before the fall

35. Institutional Denomination versus Christian Reality

36. Getting Ahead

37. Hunger in the Land of Plenty

38. Rich Americans are the agony of America’s people

39. Our Progenitors

40. What can Americans do to turn things around for a better relationship with God?

41. What must American people do to prepare themselves for defense against the principalities and powers of the world?

42. America has no official language

43. American racism through the eyes of a child

44. My last childhood dreams

45. What is America to me?

46. The ungodly evils of Planned Parenthood

47. All Negroes should go back to Africa!

48. Profit first, process last

49. America’s race based immigration

50. America is plagued by the acts of dead men

51. A nation without God

52. Don’t be fooled by the world, Jesus is the only way!

53. The making of a desolate land

54. Lest we forget

DEDICATION

T his book is dedicated to the memory of William and Lena Tyus, my beloved parents, who have gone on to be with the Lord, and to my beloved wife Carolyn, who patiently stood by me during the many hours of research and writing. But more than anything, I thank my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ for being there for me as He led me through some things to bring me where He wanted me to be in life.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

F irst, I thank God for the gift, and my family , especially my wife Carolyn , for their patience and understanding through the incredible amount of time away from them in writing this book. I am most grateful to my friend Leroy Dunson for his diligence and persistence in helping me through sound advice and encouragement. His help was immeasurable, and his encouraging words were a catalyst for my persistence in completing the book as timely as possible. Thanks to you Leroy . I also wish to thank Central Baptist Church of Carson, California for helping me to develop the spiritual insight I needed in the vision for this book, and last but in no way the least, I am thankful for my progenitors (Tyus and Fellows) history that contributed to the character of this book.

Finally, I was deeply encouraged by the love and dedication of the faculty of Henry Clay Yerger High School of Hope, Arkansas, and the entire Class of 1960. Thank you for the love!

Clifford Simmie Tyus

Author

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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C lifford Simmie Tyus was born in Washington, Arkansas on July 3, 1941. He is the youngest of six children born to the late William and Lena Tyus. At a very young age Clifford developed the desire to write. His desire to write was born out of many experiences of living under the stress of segregation and seeing no real future for black residents of the south during the late 50’s and early 60’s, and he wanted the world to know about it! However, despite growing up under the auspices of racism and a faulty educational system, he went on to graduate from college with a degree in Administration of Justice. In his 39-year law enforcement career, he reached the rank of Captain.

He was one of the founders of S.E.I.U. Local 602, United Professional Peace Officers Union, and served as its President from 1981 to 1989. During his tenure as President of the Local he was instrumental in the creation of legislation that enhanced the enforcement powers of his agency, the Los Angeles County Police Department (Office of Public Safety).

After his retirement from the position of Police Captain, he was appointed as a Planning Commissioner for the City of Carson, California by the Mayor of that city, and is currently serving in that position. He also serves in the capacity of Deacon at his church where he is very active.

He and his wife Carolyn are frequent world travelers, and he continues to write between his trips to many parts of the world. His mission is to write until his message of social and economic enhancement is heard and acted on in a positive way by his people.

INTRODUCTION

T his story is about the truth that American history dared not tell. The truth about the cruel slow burning torment of innocent people caught up amid greed, genocide, and human bondage, coupled with the trials and tribulations of a nation determined to defy the commandments of God…

They Came to Conquer

It was once rumored that the United States of America was built on the foundation of Christian principles, but when you take a long look at its history, it is very difficult to usher that concept into the realm of factual reality. First, the early Explorers did not have very much respect for the people they found living in the land when they arrived, because they literally cheated them out of the common things in their lives: the land, gold, silver, furs, and even their women, in exchange for things (more than often) of lesser value.

As more and more Europeans relocated to the newfound land, their greed began to grow even larger; to the point they either killed or created a forced migration of the native people, and took control of the land the native people had called home for hundreds of years before. What would have happened if the Native Americans had gone to Europe and claimed part of London as their new homes, killed the residents, or cheated them out of their life possessions?

It is crystal clear that God nor His Son was involved in the scenario of either example. Therefore, it is more than apparent that these unsavory occurrences were derived from the corridors of evil minds. Since neither God nor His Son can be involved with evil: it paints a different picture, and becomes more apparent that America could not have possibly been founded on Christian principles.

If Christian principles had been a motivating factor in building a foundation for America, perhaps the pioneers would have taken a humbler approach; For God hath not called us unto uncleanness, but unto holiness (I Thessalonians 4:7).

Following the exploitation of the Native Peoples by European pioneers, came the establishment of slavery, which further illustrates the evilness instilled in the minds of the early pioneers, who took possession of a land which was not their own. This is a reminder of the Assyrian takeover of the Northern Kingdom (Israel) in 722 B.C. However, God did not allow the Assyrians to continue their evilness; he eventually destroyed the powerful Assyrian Kingdom. Is it possible that America could suffer the same fate because of the same kind of evilness?

Some Europeans came to the newfound land intending to do what was morally right, however, the evil-minded ones prevailed, and slavery became an acceptable way of life for more than 400 years. Be ye holy; for I am holy (I Peter 1:16).

How I Learned About, and Experienced Hatred

Of African American descent, born July 3, 1941, I grew up in a small Arkansas community, just a few miles east of the Texas border. During my earlier years, the segregation of races was the normal way of life. Slavery had been technically eradicated through the Thirteenth Amendment 76 years earlier, on January 31, 1865. But slavery still technically existed in many ways: through separation of housing, jobs, schools, churches, public facilities, public transportation, and many other avenues of life. The Black population at one point became totally isolated from the fundamental fruitfulness of liberty, and the pursuits of happiness that supposedly paralleled it.

During the development phases of my life, as a child, I became familiar with the ugliness of the latter part of the Jim Crow era, and by the age of ten, I had begun to dream in my heart that one day America would become a country that would be obedient to its Creator, and that I could become a patriot of this one nation under God, and declare it, without regret, to be my native land; however, as I grew older and experienced the evilness of Jim Crow, I noticed that my heart-felt dreams shifted to a nightmare mode.

I could not understand why White people hated me so badly. I wondered in my heart what I had done to deserve this hatred, but since I could not find a reason, I became even more confused.

When I became old enough for my parents to trust my judgment, they would allow me to walk downtown with my friends to just look around and become familiar with the city we all considered home. Once there, I noticed that all around me were reminders of the ugliness of racism and segregation. Posted signs were everywhere that read White Only, and were at the water fountains, toilet facilities, public waiting rooms, restaurants, drug stores, even the jail house cells were racially segregated.

I did not understand, and when I would ask about the situation, it seemed that no one wanted to discuss it with me. My own people would tell me, This is just the way things are! I could not accept their answers. I said to myself, There must be someone who will tell me what is going on!

Finally, I found the nerve to ask a white woman, who owned a small grocery store in the community, why White people hated Black people so much, and she said, It is not that White people hate Black people. We just do not want Black people mixing with our people, because that ain’t right. You see God made you Black so you can stay with your own people, and made me White so I can stay with my own people, and more than that, God gave this country to White people, and your real home is not here, but in Africa. This did not help matters for me at all. Was she telling me that I should go back to Africa where I have never been in my entire life?

While thinking things over, I decided to go back to the woman to ask another question; I asked her, Ma’am, if you want to stay with your own people, why do you live in a Black neighborhood? She said, Because this is where my grocery store is! And I asked, "Well, why can’t you open a grocery store in a White neighborhood, and sell this store to Black people? The woman with a verbally aggressive response told me to go home because I asked too many questions!

My curiosity regarding the segregation matter grew with each passing day, but I could find no answers to why Black people were hated so much by their White neighbors, and this bothered the heck out of me.

A Life Experience

One day, my mom sent me to a neighborhood (Black-owned) Café to get a couple of cold sodas. During my return home, I saw four of my neighborhood friends standing on the corner, and as I came near them, one of the boys picked up a rock and decided to throw it at a passing car; the man driving the car was White, and as he stopped his car and jumped out, the boys ran away. Being innocent and having no part in the incident, I continued to walk toward my house. However, the man approached me and grabbed my right arm very harshly. And as I looked up to tell him that I had nothing to do with the incident, he slapped me across my face and grabbed a gun from his waist, and said, Nigger, I will kill you for throwing rocks at my car. In fear, I broke away from the man and ran as fast as I could toward my house. As a matter of fact, I ran so fast and hard that I completely passed my house. I was screaming so loudly that it caused the neighbors to curiously step out to their front porches to see what was going on, and when they saw the White man chasing me, they all went back inside their homes. No one would help me, and I felt very deeply that the man intended to kill me. Now, I was running for my life.

I ran to a corner house, and opened the screen door and ran inside, and the lady living there, told me to get out of her house, because she did not want the man to think that she was trying to help me; therefore, she physically pulled me to the door and pushed me outside, I then ran across the street, and hid myself in the tall brush of a vacant corner lot. I could not see where the man was because I was too afraid to lift my head up.

It seemed as if I had been lying in the brush for hours, and at the same time, I was anticipating that the man would arrive at any moment and kill me. Finally, I raised my head up and looked around, but I did not see or hear the man, and I felt a relief at that point because I felt the man had given up and gone away. When I walked to the nearby corner and looked towards my house, I saw all the neighbors gathered in front of my house. They were all talking very loudly, and I could not understand what they were saying, so I slowly walked toward my house, and I heard one of the ladies say, There’s that boy! I approached, and the same lady said, Boy, I don’t know what you did, but that Policeman has probably killed your mama, he hit her in the head with his gun and drug her to his car and drove away. She was bleeding from her head.

When I looked and saw blood on the front porch, on the nearby ground, and in the middle of the street, my heart nearly stopped, because, I knew he had killed my mother. My mother had heard my screams and when she came outside she saw the man chasing me with a gun, and attempted to interfere, and the man attacked her with the butt of the weapon.

I didn’t know what to do, I became frozen in the moment, and then I remembered how White people hated Black people, and all the stories I had heard about how the White people would kill Blacks for no apparent reasons became my focal point. I was scared stiff for my mother. I don’t remember whether I prayed during the passing time span, but approximately one-half an hour later I saw a car stop in front of my house, and then I saw my father getting out of the car with my mother. I cannot express how happy I was and relieved to see her alive. Her head was wrapped in white bandages, and the right side of her face was swollen, but she was alive. Now I had first-hand experience of the hatred White people exhibited towards Black men and women, even Black children.

My heart was saddened, as I realized that freedom in America and the pursuits of happiness did not apply to Black people, and I promised myself that if I ever found the opportunity to leave the South, I would take that opportunity and never return. I had heard that there was no hatred for Black people in the North and out West in California, and my dream was to one day go to one of the two places to live my life.

Finally, at the age of twelve I had somewhat forgotten about the incident with the White policeman, and about the promises of California and the North. But the situation regarding White people’s hatred of Black people still lingered, and now there were no real satisfactory solutions available for me.

My Plight Revealed the Existence of Angels

One night, as I was lying in bed, with the light out and preparing to go to sleep, I was suddenly attracted to a figure of a man walking directly through the bathroom door adjacent to my room and straight toward the foot of my bed. I became so frightened that the whole bed seemed to shake.

The man had a bright glow seemingly emitting from his head and body, and he was dressed in what appeared to be a white robe. He stood at the foot of my bed and looked down at me with a smile on his face. I was so scared that I could not think. The man then walked around to the right side of my bed, and with a smile on his face and his hands folded in a gesture of humbleness, looked down on me, and without saying a word, he turned to his right and walked out of my room through the bathroom door (the door was closed); I jumped out of my bed, ran into my parent’s room and jumped in their bed between the two of them. I was shaking so badly I could not speak.

My parents got out of the bed and sat up with me until I finally fell asleep. I woke the next morning in my own bed (my parents had moved me during the night).

For many months following the incident, I could not fall asleep in the darkness; I would sleep with the light on in my room. I was afraid the man would return.

What the incident meant for my life, I could not tell. However, it became more evident over the years that an Angel had visited me, and was letting me know that God would not forsake me, and that I had been set aside for a special reason, of which I believe I am to tell America the truth about its relationship with God, so the land can be healed and one day truly become One Nation Under God. Thus, is the reason for my being drawn into the process for the spiritual healing of this precious part of the earth landscaped by the hands of God?

Another Revelation

One night, many years later and as an adult, while visiting a Church in another city, I was drawn to a Scripture that had been placed on the wall near the front entry. The Scripture read, If My people, which are called by My name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land (II Chronicles 7:14).

When I read the Scripture, I was so drawn to it, that now, it confirmed a purpose for my life to help the country I love so dearly to heal itself of all its wickedness, and return to the one true God who loves them so much that He is willing to forgive them.

I concluded that writing would be the route I would take to accomplish my mission, and what I believe to be the will of God.

Thus, the story begins:

Chapter One

"Righteousness exalteth a nation:

but sin is a reproach to any people

(nation)" (Proverb 14:34)

I n the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The vast land of the North American Continent was stretched out at the Word of God, and the natives of the land were given dominion over all the land. For hundreds of years, the natives of the land lived in peace with one another. They built their homes in the open plains, the rolling hills, and on the banks of the rivers. God had provided an abundance of game for their food, and the earth yielded its fruit for them in abundant proportions.

One peaceful day while the natives of the land rested and reflected upon the richness of the land God had provided for them, a ship slowly sailed into the bay near a large rock on the eastern shores. Strange looking men lowered themselves into small rowboats and rowed themselves to the land’s sandy shore along the Atlantic Ocean.

Once the men were ashore and they saw the richness of the land, their hearts began to glow with greed, and without knowing it; they broke the peace of the land when they touched the soil with their feet. And in doing so they literally stole the peaceful rest, and defiled the livelihood of the native caretakers forever.

Without regard for the native caretakers, the men on the ship left to spread the good news to all of Europe and Spain that they had found paradise in a new land that was abundantly rich in gold, and silver, and that it was big enough for every man to have a share of the land and its riches.

Men and women began to flock to the new land to captivate their dreams of being rich. The men who reported the information to them told them not to regard the original property owners because they were dumb savages and could be easily controlled by civilized men.

The transport of the fortune seekers from European nations became very profitable for the ship owners, because the willingness of the people to pay large amounts of money to be transported to the new-found land would make them very rich.

One day a trusted subject directed a brilliant idea to the King of England to develop and implement a condition of release of prisoners from confinement if they agreed to board ships for a new life in the newfound land. This would rid England of its entire criminal minded and undesirable people. The King jumped at the opportunity to rid England of it imprisoned cutthroats and with his Royal Seal affixed to a document the plan was immediately implemented through a contract with local ship owners, and offered another opportunity for the ship owners to increase their wealth even further.

Now the land that was originally set aside by God for the native people would receive an even greater challenge with the influx of criminal minded people who could not be trusted beyond the tip of their noses.

The precious land had now been greatly disturbed with the white skinned people taking possession of its most advantage points nearest the waterways, and cutting down the tall trees that provided coolness during the hot summer months. The native people began to ask themselves questions, Where will we fish? Why should we allow these people to take our land? Where do these people come from, and who sent them? Should we move further west to avoid contact with these people?

The Europeans also asked questions among themselves, How much gold and silver is in this place? The people look like they are from India, should we call them Indians? We are wondering if they are holding large amounts of gold in their villages. Should we move in and take some of the gold they have? How far should we extend our jurisdictions?

The questions from both sides if acted on, could lead to armed conflict: because one side was in the process of taking anything they wanted, and the other side considered themselves as victims of invasion. The European settlers had taken the much-needed waterways away from the native people, and were extracting sacred gold from the rocks and ground of Native land.

One day the native people decided they had taken enough from the Europeans, and decided to band their tribes together to challenge the continuous expansion of the territories occupied by these people; therefore, they decided to fight rather than lose their land to them, thus the armed conflicts between the Europeans and the native people were intensified to the point that the Europeans began to fortify their settlement to protect them against attacks from the Natives.

By the early 1600’s many of the native tribes had resettled a great distance from the eastern shores hoping the Europeans would not dare to expand their occupied territories any further than the mountain ranges. However, the European population in the new land had grown tremendously, to the point that expansion became necessary to resolve the crowded conditions that were being created with the arrival of each ship. Some of the settlers were becoming wealthy in gold, silver, and farming; therefore, the realization that laborers were necessary to help them maintain their fiscal growth, the wealthiest citizens petitioned England to send indentured servants (bonded laborers) to the Colonial settlements. England seized the opportunity to rid herself of additional undesirables by giving prisoners a choice of remaining in the prisons or signing a contract to serve, for as long as seven years in the new land to pay off their penalties, and then they would be set free.

The indentured work program lasted for a while, but by 1611 most of the white workers had completed their contracts, died, or had run away from the colonies and started their own lives beyond the existing colonial territories.

Faced with the prospect of failed crops and no hope for more laborers to be sent from England, coupled with the continued resistance from Native slaves, the settlers were drawn to the idea of contracting with slave traders to bring African slaves to the colonies to do the work. They had heard about African slaves being sold to plantation owners in the West Indies.

By 1619, the ships had begun to bring African slaves to the new land. Those who bought the slaves had difficult times at first in attempting to maintain their human properties, until a blacksmith in Virginia came up with the idea to make and sell iron shackles like those used in England’s prisons. This brought a sigh of relief to the slave owners, as they could secure the slaves at night by placing them in the shackles with attached iron chains to prevent the slaves from running away.

With the development of larger plantations in America because of the European increase in demand for grain, sugarcane, tobacco, and rice, the realization that more African slaves were needed to satisfy the demands quickly resulted in the rush for slave traders to bring more slaves. Of course, the price for slaves made a drastic increase from $500.00 to more than $1,200.00 per slave. However, the price paid for older men and women at $250.00 each, and small children at $650.00 did not increase.

The larger plantation owners had no more than twenty slaves to work their lands, while the smaller farmers maintained the services of eight to five slaves. Nevertheless, slavery appeared to be a permanent fixture in the New World. The White slave-owners became satisfied with the work of Black slaves; with this the Natives of the land felt a sense of relief, because the pressure to solicit their involuntary servitude had been redirected. The few Natives held against their will had been returned to their people by the colonies as a gesture of disguised goodwill to show friendly favor towards the Natives to stop the attacks against them.

When the attacks by the Natives became less frequent, the individual plantation owners began to spread out even further west to enlarge their plantations to meet the growing European trade demands. The demand for cotton was added to the growing list of American products on the demand for European markets, and thus required a greater expansion of the plantations.

The value of American farms had begun to be realized by Europeans, which also developed a growing market for their shipbuilders, as the shipping industry rapidly grew to help meet the seemingly ever-increasing demands for American and Caribbean marketable products. More slave ships were also being built because of the widespread growth of slave markets in both the Caribbean and American Colonies.

By 1650, the population of the colonies had grown to nearly 60,000, and by that time the African slaves had been established in the colonies as chattel (personal property) and the indentured status had been completely removed for African slaves; they were considered permanent property of the plantation and farm owners who bought them.

With the growing demand for more sugar, the three powers occupying the Caribbean Islands, (English, French, and Dutch) realized the need for African slaves to develop and maintain the plantations, because the Arawak Indian population had mainly died out, while others abandoned the Islands and resettled in the jungles of South America.

The costal colonies continued to grow with mostly English settlements. The French and Dutch settlements were vastly scattered throughout the coastal regions. By the year 1700, the colonial population had grown to more than 400,000 settlers.

Chapter Two

Loyalty to the Crown Becomes Weak

T he original colonies had grown to 13, and they were separated into three main characteristics: (1) large tobacco plantations of Virginia, the Carolinas, and southern Georgia. The three type plantations had many African slaves, (2) New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland were involved in producing grain, lumber, and materials for making clothes, and (3) New England colonies consisting of Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Main, Connecticut, and Massachusetts were predominately Puritan colonies and had a difficult time dealing with the other colonies. Feeling somewhat isolated from the other colonies, most of the Puritans moved further away from the colonial settlements.

The French and the Dutch had tried in vain to beat the English to the punch in establishing successful settlements, but the English settlements were more successful and had gained recognition as a colonial power.

England was not overly interested in the total responsibility of the colonial settlements until English businessmen seeing the opportunity to increase their wealth convinced the government of the possible prosperity if the Crown were to maintain control of the settlements. Yielding to pressures from the businessmen, England sent more military personnel to the colonies to maintain order, and to grant authority to the settlers to own land, while its primary function was to govern the settlers to maintain absolute control of the colonies.

The farmers of the New England colonies of Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, Connecticut, and Massachusetts quickly expanded, and by 1665 they had pushed the Natives out of the regions. However, they enslaved some of the Natives captured during the fight to secure their land and territorial expansions.

The New England Quakers did whatever they could to maintain peace with the Natives, but their missionary work was overshadowed by the Puritans aggressive advancements.

In August 1664, the English Navy took the New Amsterdam Colony (New York City) from the Dutch settlers. Before the English took it, New Amsterdam had developed into the largest Dutch colonial settlement in the New Netherland province.

The Dutch Republic, through a fleet of more than 20 ships regained control of New Netherland in August 1673, but could not withstand the continued pressure from the English Navy and eventually ceded to the English in 1674 during the Treaty of Westminster.

This same pattern continued throughout the colonies until the English, by 1700, finally seized control of all the colonial settlements.

Emigrants continued to pour into the settlements, and the established cities grew larger by the month as businesses expanded.

The Natives saw the expansion of the White settlers as a continued threat to their livelihood, and they continued to question the rights of these people to move into their land and take control of it; as the Natives engagement in defending their land grew, the English increased their military presence to protect, first and foremost, their investments, and secondly, the settlers.

Under no circumstances had religious principles been applied thus far to any of the movements by the colonial settlers, except for the Quakers, who had tried to make a humane difference. Besides African slaves, the Natives had also been subjected to slavery whenever they were caught by the settlers. The former White indentured slaves had been granted their freedom and were now considered colonial citizens with the same rights and privileges as the other settlers.

By the beginning of the 18th Century, immigrants from other European countries, coupled with the criminal and undesirables from England, and those born in the colonies, found no reasons to continue to lend their loyalty to the English Crown, and did not sympathize with England’s financial struggles during the era, because they were more concerned with their very own problems living under the strain of England’s control over them, and the rising threats of taxation.

Territorial disputes between the English and the French led to armed conflicts, and at one point the French had gained control of most of the choice land between Canada and the Ohio Valley, and were pushing further to the south to Western Pennsylvania, and this move by the French became a direct threat to the stability of the colonies.

The British, to persuade the French to discontinue their advancement and to stop building forts on and near the upper Allegheny River, sent a young Virginia Officer by the name of George Washington to deliver a letter to the French leaders to discontinue their advancement into English held territories.

George Washington’s attempt to negotiate with the French failed, but Washington persuaded the British to build their own forts in locations of advantage alongside the upper Allegheny River. In 1754 the British started building a fort near the point of the river, and named it Fort Prince George, but the persistence of the aggressive French drove the British from the site, and the French later completed the fort and renamed it Fort Duquesne, and this incident later led to the French & Indian War.

The series of wars between the French and British themselves, and then each having conflicts with the Native Americans led to much bloodshed in the land. Greed was the principle factor in promoting the armed conflicts between the nations, except for the Native Americans who were defending their land.

Before the arrival of the British, French, and Spaniards in the North American Continent, the land was relatively quiet, apart from a few tribal conflicts between the Aborigines.

Chapter Three

The Making of a Revolutionary War

B y the year 1763, following the wars with France, England faced severe financial strains; therefore, England, in its search for financial relief, decided to limit or restrict the expansion of the colonies any further west into Indian territories. England fearing future costs, wanted to reduce any armed conflicts with either the French or the Natives. England had also decided to tax the Colonies to help pay for a greater portion of the cost