Americans Knocking at Freedom’S Door: The Uniquely American Heritage of Religious Freedoms and Government of and by the People

By Bernie Lee (Yoder) Smith-DeBoe

Americans pursue life and liberty through their religious freedom, economic well-being, and self-governance that includes a basic understanding of the constitutional principles provided by our founding fathers. Hopefully, our pursuit of life and liberty also includes a curiosity to explore our rich and diverse history.

Americans Knocking at Freedoms Door is a uniquely American heritage of religious freedoms and government of and by the people. The author, Bernie Lee Yoder Smith-DeBoe, presents a conversational discussion and a historical exploration of our Christian roots. This book begins with Noahs ark and continues with the ancient tribes, the Middle Ages, religious wars, American DNA, and why the early settlers came to America. Our knowledge of American history generally includes our founding fathers, the Civil War, and more contemporary wars; however, this tells us very little about our early settlers, their challenges, and their background as people of religious faith.

This book offers some historical background and stories about those who established and helped the United States to grow and flourish. It reminds us that we are Americans. We stand together as Americans, and we need to come together as Americans.

• Language: English
• Publisher: iUniverse
• Release date: Aug 5, 2016
• ISBN: 9781532001024

Bernie Lee (Yoder) Smith-DeBoe

Bernie Lee “Yoder” Smith-DeBoe was born in a small town in Indiana. Her life experiences about women’s rights and civil rights for everyone sustained her passion for writing this book, Americans Knocking at Freedom’s Door.

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Copyright © 2016 Bernie Lee (Yoder) Smith-DeBoe.

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iUniverse rev. date: 08/03/2016

CONTENTS

Remarks from the Author

Acknowledgements

Noah’s Ark – An Event And Foundation Of Christianity

Ancient Tribes

Confederation Of Ancient Tribes – Swabian And Alamanni Tribes

Middle Ages

Peasant And Religious Wars In Europe

Early Reformation Leaders

Anabaptist And Pietist Religions

Religious Life In Europe

Europe Or America

America – Freedom And Opportunity

Beyond Colonial America

United States Of America – Founding Principles

American DNA

Amish Way Of Life – Recognized And Misunderstood

The Authors Amish Heritage

Notes

Americans Pledge New Options

America is by far the greatest democracy, republic, and economic engine in the Americas and is one of the greatest countries in the world to pursue happiness and liberty. Yet, we are fearful of the increasingly out of control illegal immigration, terrorism here and abroad, and the loud voices of hate in the United States. Let us pledge to work together as Americans. Let us pledge to seek and the many diverse policies that will support a strong, large and robust middle class and that will also support a sustainable economic engine. Let us pledge to consider a different approach, a pause, or a moratorium on legal immigration. Let us openly and freely discuss our differences, rejoice in our shared Christian values, and vote our pledged options to preserve America’s greatness.

REMARKS FROM THE AUTHOR

The author, Bernie Lee (Yoder) Smith-DeBoe, shares our unique American heritage in the landscape, social, political and religious culture that is now the United States of America.

People have called my heritage the melting pot of America and like many other Americans it probably is. My background is European American. My Grandfather, on my father’s side of the family, was raised (Swiss Brethren) Amish and I am related to the first Amish Yoder, Christian Jotter (Joder), who arrived in the colonies in 1742 on the ship Francis and Elizabeth. My Grandmother’s father was Peter Trainor and he was from Ireland and arrived in America in 1887. My Grandmother’s grandfather, on her mother’s side of the family, was John Rigney who arrived in America in 1850 from Ireland. Peter Trainor arrived in America after the potato famine and John Rigney arrived during the potato famine in Ireland.

My Grandfather’s heritage, on my mother’s side of the family. goes back to Christopher Doush whose father arrived in America in 1752 from the County of Wertheim, Germany in the state of Baden Wurttemberg. Christopher Doush married Elizabeth Helm. Elizabeth’s father, Thomas Helm, was born in Virginia, but his heritage came from Goosnargh, Lancashire, England. Thomas Helm was the Justice of the Peace of Frederick Co., Virginia in 1776-1777. Elizabeth’s mother was Margaret Neill (O’Neill) whose father was born in Down Clare, Ireland. Before Christopher Doush was allowed to marry Elizabeth Helm, he had to change his name to Disher because the Helm family thought Doush was a funny name and hard to pronounce. My Grandmother’s heritage, on my mother’s side, was John Kuhn who boarded the ship Ortssuppenbuch, and arrived in America in 1819. He was born in Baden Wurttemberg, Germany. He married Susannah Mock, who was a descendant of Alexander Mack, the founder of the German Baptist Brethren (Dunkard) church.

As you can see, my heritage came from early settlers who came to the colonies to find freedom. They were not the wealthy settlers. They worked hard to improve and develop this country. If the reader of this book chooses to research their ancestors, they might be surprised to discover abundance of information about their heritage. Our ancestors survived and made this country greater for all of us. We have to continue along that path.

I wrote this book to share my passion and research about our American heritage and culture for the many Americans who neither have the time nor the resources to do so, but who are concerned about the divisive direction of our country. Hopefully, the reader will enjoy and have a better understanding of the depth and breadth of American history and culture that has led to our present religious freedom and liberty in the United States of America.

The founding fathers worked hard to develop our Constitution to protect the people in America from dictators like the leaders that were in power in the early days in Europe and other countries. The founding fathers knew why people came to the North American colonies and what they went through to get to the colonies. They established a Constitution where everyone had a chance for freedom and opportunity and be part of the growth in America. They gave the people the power to vote and we have that power in the voting booth.

We are concerned that our freedom and liberty are being compromised by immigration or how we are handling immigration. It is one of the biggest problems in this country. I discussed this problem in detail in the chapter titled American-DNA. I explained that new immigrants no longer have to stand and say the Pledge of Allegiance or even hold our American flag, but they still become citizens of the United States. As Christians our faith leads us to accept immigrants, but our country has immigration laws and an immigration quota system that we need to enforce and use. Immigrants need to abide by our laws. They need to be fully vetted by the immigration service in this country and not by the United Nations. In America, our Christian religions might disagree on some aspects of Christianity, but we are all Christians and we should work together. One example of Christians working together is the Sojourners house in Georgia. My daughter who was named after her great-great grandmother who was Amish managed the Sojourners house. United Way owned the house and the objective was to help all women in need to become independent through education and contributions from the various Christian Churches. It was very successful. After women were able to move out with a job and were able to support themselves other women in need moved in. The Christian churches worked together so let us do it again on a larger scale to help Christians in need in the Middle East.

According to the Washington Examiner, the United States (US) Department of Homeland Security is planning to expand a program that pays US employers to hire STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) foreign students who were trained in American colleges, universities, and technical institutions. The Center for Immigration Studies said this program would punish American STEM students from competing for STEM jobs. How can American students compete when foreign students are part of an immigration program that allows employers to forego payroll taxes on hired foreign STEM students? Payroll taxes help to fund programs like Social Security and Medicare. Corporations are paid $10,000 to participate in this foreign student STEM hiring program. If they continue with the foreign STEM student as an employee for an additional year, the employer gets another $2,000 in bonuses. Foreign students have privileges denied to American citizens and the Department of Homeland Security proposes to extend STEM to 36 months. Silicon Valley and others have stated that there is a shortage of skilled workers. The truth is many of our skilled American college graduates can’t find a job after they graduate.

We are soliciting immigrants for skilled jobs in the United States while hundreds of large corporations continue to move factories out of this country. This eliminates thousands of jobs here in America. This outsourcing of manufacturing jobs negatively impacts the American economy and American people. The companies are going overseas to make manufacturing products to ship back to the United States. They even buy products overseas and have them shipped to the United States. Their defense in destroying our economy is they have to compete with inexpensive imports and they have to stay competitive, but they are destroying American jobs. It might be good for their company, but it is not good for our country. The Japanese feel their plants are successful because of manufacturing techniques, management philosophy, minimum inventories, waste elimination and worker participation. If the Japanese can manufacture and show a profit in the United States why do hundreds of U.S. manufacturing companies go overseas to become competitive?

We are also concerned that our freedom and liberty are being compromised by the impact of mega donor money on our elections and unelected federal judges being appointed for life terms. The people in the United States should have control of who is elected and the length of the terms for unelected federal judges. Presently, mega donor money appears to be more in control of our elections than the people. They give mega money to the politicians to win and get traded favors over time. The people in the United States need to push for amendments to the US constitution to reform the impact of both mega donor money and the present status of unelected federal judges being appointed for life. Yes, we need to Vote, Call, Text, and E-Mail our representatives and let them know that something needs to be done now! We cannot be complacent. When we are aware and take the initiative, we have control of our country over rich corporations, unions and people with wealth with our vote. The founding fathers gave us the vote and let us use it. Politicians need to work with their constituents or we will vote them out of office. We need to listen to our politicians and representatives. Are our politicians and representatives promising, but delivering the same-old, same-old? Our politicians, once in office, would like to keep that powerful position so they had better listen to us. I think they believe we are gullible, naïve and really not interested in what they are doing or saying. Let’s prove them wrong!

The middle class is shrinking due to manufacturing loss. The elimination of trade barriers opened up access to foreign countries for American manufacturers to set up shop overseas. With the startup of the Central American free trade (CAFTA) experts are expecting another exodus of U. S. jobs south of the border. Asia has been a recipient of outsourced American manufacturing where we have lost thousands of jobs. Most of these foreign workers do work for lower salaries. The corporations feel it is a money maker for them as they don’t have to pay benefits for social security, health care, vacations or a pension. The companies feel everyone becomes richer through outsourcing or moving overseas because consumers can buy products cheaper. If we don’t have jobs we won’t be able to afford to buy cheaper products. America will become poorer and our trade deficit will overwhelm us. I hope any manufacturing company that is building overseas will understand the destruction that will develop in America. Americans wealth will decline. Middle class American jobs are now threatened and many families don’t see any hope for the future. People have given up hope that hard work will get them ahead and more middle class families are turning to government programs such as food stamps.

The lower tier of our population will be negatively impacted with the multitude of immigrants that are being allowed in this country. We have cut 4,000 border agents and eliminated overtime. We cut 3.850 hours of aerial detection and monitoring in 2016. How can we say we are protecting the United States of America? It seems to me that we are putting our country at risk and eliminating more American jobs.

We have dealt with gender, race, religion, and sexuality discrimination in our not so distant past. Ageism (Age discrimination) is now the most pressing form of discrimination. Many of us have known people in their 50’s or older who were accomplished professionals who lost their jobs under the pretense of reorganization or their positions were being eliminated. Ageism exists throughout our communities and healthcare is no exception. Younger healthcare workers with fewer years in the workforce feel that older people are absorbing too much time and resources. The Director of the National Institute on Ageing at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and a President of the International Longevity Center identified and described the age prejudice stereotyping and discrimination against older Americans. Based on the ILC’s 2006 report, 90% of older Americans never received routine screening tests or was under investigated 80% of the time. Older patients receive less aggressive care than a younger patient and then sent to nursing homes. The goal of medicine and doctors is to cure people and then manage their diseases. The elderly in Japan and other countries enjoy a more respected place in society and they are happier and healthier than the elderly in America. The first Senate hearing on age based discrimination in healthcare was four years ago, and it is now finally registering on the national agenda. We have to have major reforms in health policies and legislation that addresses inequities and empowers service and innovations in medical education. Politicians need to pay attention and local political clout should take on new energy. We have to recognize age related prejudices and stop this type of prejudice immediately. Illness, early death, and abandonment has characterized elderly healthcare. We need to bridge generations and we need to convince the doctors to improve their care for the elderly. Right now the elderly are viewed as second class citizens. A zero tolerance policy should be mandated and the offenders reprimanded as they would be for patients based on gender, race, religion or sexuality. This is neglect and needs to be a priority. I did notice Dick Cheney at age 71 had a heart transplant and President Carter was treated at Emory for Cancer at age 91 successfully. We need to have that type of treatment available for every qualified elderly person.

We, the people in the United States, can rectify these situations. We can bring pressure on our politicians who represent us. I read that our country now is rated as number 5 in medical care. Insurance companies don’t approve seniors getting surgeries to correct their medical problems. Pharmaceutical companies are charging outrageous prices for many of the medicines that seniors need. We can’t deprive the baby boomers or seniors, regardless of their age, medical care because they are getting older. Insurance companies and doctors have to handle their older patient needs and request medical tests, when appropriate, instead of hoping they continue to stay healthy. Because of their age, if they do get sick, they might be sent to a nursing home or hospice to live out their life. We all are getting older and that person that is older might be your mother, father, or grandparents. Do you want them treated as second class citizens?

Gender and race discrimination still exists in some places but has improved. The younger generation needs to understand the past to understand what their parents, grandparents and great grandparents went through to make their life easier. If their ancestors hadn’t pushed and demanded their equal rights you would not be seeing a black President or woman running for the Office of President of the United States. We have come a long way, but we still have some problems.

We have to respect one another as Americans. There will always be some disagreements, but we can agree we are Americans. The Christian churches need to come together to help people in need and to protect our freedoms. We have the power. Most importantly, our power is in the voting booth. VOTE. VOTE. VOTE.

The first chapter of this book begins with Noah’s Ark. A profoundly religious and Christian event, Noah’s Ark creates a new birth through water, of our humanity and Christian beliefs under God. While some will say that the growing hatefulness in the world is based on non-Christian beliefs, Noah’s Ark is indicative of the world’s shared religious history and God’s promise that the world will not be destroyed again by water. With this in mind, we start and explore western ancient civilizations, tribes and religious wars that affected life in Europe before our early ancestors came to North America, and how we became the United States of America (the USA or America).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

W ith heartfelt appreciation, I am proud to acknowledge Bishop Daniel Yoder and Alan, Christian and Elva Bontrager of Middlebury, Indiana. They gave me tremendous support and insight about the Amish when writing the chapter Amish Way of Life – Recognized and Misunderstood. My Grandfather, Edward L. Yoder, who was raised Amish would also have been proud of me taking the time to write this book and the chapter regarding the Amish. He would have said to me Maybe now people will understand their history and the Amish way of life.

Another great thank you goes to Jim Yoder. I had many telephone conversations with Jim Yoder from Maryland who is one of the members of the Cassselman Valley Mennonite and Amish Historians. I contacted Jim Yoder when I started the book and told him what I wanted to accomplish by writing this book. Jim was very helpful and answered all my many questions and gave me constant support for over a year.

Additionally, I would also like to thank Deacon Tom Shaver from St. Joseph’s Catholic Church. Deacon Shaver was a valuable contact and a great help when I had questions regarding religious history. There were a few other historians that I called and asked questions regarding a particular religion and I appreciate every answer given to me.

I am also very appreciative of Linda Carroll, my good friend from South Carolina. Linda and I had frequent and long conversations with volumes of shared information.

The book Unser Leit (The Story of the Amish) written by Leroy Beachy was probably the best book ever written regarding Amish history. In his books, Leroy Beachy discusses in great depth the early Amish families in Europe from the beginning to the early years in America.

I am eternally grateful for my husband, Burn DeBoe. His valuable insight, tireless dialogue and encouragement during the duration of writing this book was very helpful.

NOAH’S ARK

AN EVENT AND FOUNDATION OF CHRISTIANITY

N oah’s Ark has been studied by linguistic scientists, anthropologists, archaeologists, genetics (DNA), and geologists. We also have historical records, ancient literature from the ancient kingdoms, and a strong linguistic connection to some of our present day cities and languages.

Has Noah’s Ark been discovered or will it ever be discovered? There have been a few reported discoveries in Turkey, but nobody can say with absolute certainty what they found was the remnants of Noah’s Ark. Scientists are still working on the proof that Noah’s Ark existed.

In book of Genesis in the THE BIBLE God saw how the earth was corrupt and filled with violence. God said to Noah Make yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with rooms, and shall cover it inside and out with pitch. God then told Noah how to make the ark. God then said to Noah And behold, I, even I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life, from under heaven; everything that is on the earth shall perish. But I will establish my covenant with you; and you shall enter the ark – you and your sons and your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. And of every living thing of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female. Noah entered the ark with his wife and his sons and their wives along with the animals, birds and everything that creeps on the ground. After seven days the water of the flood came upon the earth. The rain fell for forty days and forty nights. Everything was blotted out upon the face of the land and only Noah and everyone on the ark was left on this earth. The water lasted one hundred and fifty days. God then caused a wind to pass over the earth which caused the water to subside. In the seventh month the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat. The water kept decreasing until the tenth month the mountain tops became visible. Noah built an altar after he left the ark And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma; and the Lord said to himself, I will never again curse the ground on account of man, for the intent of man’s heart is evil from his youth; and I will never again destroy every living thing, as I have done. And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.

After the flood, the entire human race was Noah and his wife with their three sons and their wives. Noah’s sons were Shem, Ham and Japheth. The present world population came from Noah and his sons. Noah’s sons stayed together at first and then spread out over the earth. As they broke up into smaller groups they were known as tribes or nations in the ancient world. Seventy nations are listed in the Table of Nations. Each son of Noah and their descendants became an originator of a group of people which became a nation.

Shem, Son of Noah – Father of the Semitic people

The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud and Aram.

Elam (Elamites) is an ancestor to the Persian people and was the ancient name for Persia (Iran). The prophecy of Japheth to dwell in the tents of Shem was fulfilled through the people of Elam. The Elamites merged with the Medes who were descended from Madai, son of Japheth, and these two peoples joined together to form the Persian Empire.

The sons of Elam were Shushan, Machul and Harmon.

Asshur (Assyrians) is an ancestor to the Northern Iraquis. Later the Assyrians were a combination of Semitic and Hamitic tribes.

The sons of Asshur were Mirus and Mokil.

Arpachshad (Chaldeans) is an ancestor to the Southern Iraquis, Hebrews/Israelites, Arabians/Bedouins, Moabites/Jordanians/Palestinians and related groups.

The sons of Arpachshad were Shelach, Anar and Ashcol.

Lud (Lydians) is an ancestor to groups in Lydia which is now Western Turkey and Northern Africa.

The sons of Lud were Pethor and Bizayon.

Aram (Aramaeans) is an ancestor to Syrians, Lebanese and related groups and even a trace of this group throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa.

The sons of Aram were Uz, Chul, Gather and Mash.

In the view of some European historians the people of China and India also descend from Shem. Shem’s descendants stayed in the Middle East, which includes the Hebrews, Persians and Assyrians. Today the descendants of Shem are in the Middle East and Northern Africa.

Twenty six nations are listed under Shem and his descendants in the Table of Nations.

Ham, Son of Noah – Father of the Hamitic people

The sons of Ham were Cush, Mizaim, Put and Canaan

Cush (Cushites) is an ancestor to the Ethiopians, Sudan, Ghanaians, Africans, Bushmen, Pygmies, Australian Aborignies, New Guineans and related groups.

Nimrod, a descendant of Cush, was known as a mighty hunter (warrior) and the founder of Babel (Babylon) where he tried to erect a tower to heaven. The family of Cush divided into two families at an early stage. Some founded Babylon (Nimrod) and others founded Ethiopia.

The sons of Cush were Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah and Sabteca.

Mizraim (Mitsrayim) is an ancestor to the Egyptians and other related groups.

The sons of Mizraim were Lud, Anom, Pathros, Chasloth and Chaphtor.

Phut (Phutites) is an ancestor to Libyans, Tunisians, Somalians, North Africans, Sudanese and other related groups.

The sons of Phut were Gebul, Hadan, Benah and Adan.

Canaan (Canaanites) is an ancestor to the Mongols, Orientals, Chinese, Tibetans, Taiwanese, Vietnamese, Laotians, Cambodians, Japanese, Malayasians, Indonesians, Filipinos, Hawaiians, Polynesians, Tahitians, Guamanians, Samoans, Fijians, Tongans and related Groups.

The sons of Canan were Zidon, Heth, Amori, Gergashi, Hivi, Arkee, Seni, Arodi, Zimodi and Chamothi.

Tribes in parts of Africa, Arabia, and Asia, aboriginal groups in Australia, native Pacific Islanders and Eskimos were descendants of Canaan, Cush, Mizraim and Phut. Ham’s descendants appear to be the first settlers in Africa, Asia, Australia and the South Pacific.

Thirty nations are listed under Ham and his descendants in the Table of Nations.

Japheth, Son of Noah – Father of the Japhetic people

The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras

Gomer (Gomerites) is an ancestor to the Armenians, Germans, Belgians, Dutch, Luxembourgers, Liehensteiners, Austrians, Swiss, British, Cornish, Irish, Welsh, Scots, French and other related groups.

The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Riphath and Togarmah.

Magog (Magini or Magotis) is an ancestor to the Finns, Yugoslavians, Lapps, Siberians, Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Slovakians and other related groups.

The sons of Magog were Elichanaf, Lubal, Baath, Jobhath and Fathochta.

Madai (Medes) is an ancestor to the Persians, Caspians, Iranians, Kurds, Turks, East Indians, Romani, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Khazachstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan and other related groups.

The sons of Madai were Achon, Zeelo, Chazoni and Lotalso.

Javan (Jevanim) is an ancestor to the Greeks, Elysians, Britons, Macedonians, Cyprians, Cretans, Basques, Latins, Venetians, Sicanians, Romans, Valentians, Sicilians, Italians, Spaniards, Portugese and other related groups.

The sons of Javan were Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim and Dodanim.

Tubal (Tabal) is an ancestor to the Georgians, Albanians, Siberians, Samoyeds and other related groups.

The sons of Tubal were Ariphi, Kesed and Taari.

Meshech (Meshekh) is an ancestor to the Muscovites, Latvians, Lithuanians, Romanians and other related groups.

The sons of Meshech were Dedon, Zaron and Shebashnialso

Tiras (Thracian) is an ancestor to the Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, Icelandics, Baltics and other related groups.

The sons of Tiras were Benib, Gera, Lupirion and Gilak.

The Japhetic’s split into two groups. One group settled in India and Central Asia and the other group migrated throughout Europe, the Near East, Anatolia and the Caucasus. They were known as the Indo-European stock. Some historians state Japheth and his descendants settled in more than half of Europe.

Fourteen nations are listed under Japheth and his descendants in the Table of Nations.

The above list comes from The Table of Nations.

Tribal groups merged together to form nations. Many nations were named after their ancestor or the first settlers. The language of the various family groups might be different, but this is the best way to trace the movements of these family groups. Approximately 45% of the world’s population stems from the Indo European language and 22% comes from the Sino-Tibetan family group. These two language groups were significantly different. More evidence is resurfacing due to linguistic studies, archaeology, and the discoveries from anthropologists who are still uncovering evidence on the migration of the family groups. The basic root of the original language allows us to trace the migration of the different families, as well as the histories from the different kingdoms.

Research scientists studying DNA from known groups can follow the migration and define genetic populations from one generation to the next. A 1998 DNA study by the Center for Molecular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, discovered an mtDNA strain in approximately 3% of American Indians called Haplogroup X which suggests a prehistoric migration of people to America from Europe for 3% of the American Indians. Haplogroup X is not found in Asians. This migration had to take place before the Asian migrations into America. Some Indian tribes had as high as 40% of Haplogroup X and others had 15% of Haplogroup X. The original tribes migrated inland and into Canada. These original Indians, possibly were descendants of Ham, who intermarried with Indo-Europeans while migrating across Europe, and then proceeded to sail to America.

Evidence verifies family groups stayed together at the beginning and then broke off into smaller groups. When the ancient tribes split off they joined other tribes during their migration, or if they lost a battle became part of the conquering tribe. Ancient tribes imposed their language and culture upon the defeated.

Many people consider skin color to race and color of the skin is the only biological difference. Some people have more color due to the amount of melanin in the skin. The fairer the skin means one has less melanin. We are not born with a certain amount of melanin, but with a potential to produce a certain amount in response to sunlight, which means environment plays a major role in our genetics. Racial characteristics will also change when groups of people interbreed and settle within one nation. The racial characteristics of today are different combinations of pre-existing and genetic profiles.

Interaction of the three family groups contributed equally to history. The evidence from THE BIBLE, as well as archeological, biological, anthropological, geological, ethnographical, ethnological and etymological history does not conflict, nor does it deny the biblical account in Genesis. We are all descendants of Shem, Ham and Japheth.

ANCIENT TRIBES

I N THE BIBLE, Genesis 11, God came down to see the city and tower that Noah’s descendants built and God said