Highest Stage Of The Development Of Capitalism In The United States And Its Effects On The American Family, Volume III, Book II, 1960 To 1980

By Lionel D. Lyles

For 10,000 years before any European immigrants arrived on the North American Continent, Native American Indians engaged in a communal lifestyle. From 1600 to 1791, American Colonists established a thriving home production economy, and having ownership of their tools, or means of production, they produced everything they needed to survive. They were self-reliant, and the American Colonists sold their excess goods to merchants, who resold them for a profit. By 1791, the merchants were able to start the first textile factories as a result, which brought an abrupt end to the home production economy, and the beginning of American Capitalism.
Former independent colonists were now forced into the textile factory, and the first wage contract appeared in America. The wage contract also set in motion a contradiction between the capitalist owners of the means of production and the new American Working Class. The wage contract allowed the owners of working class labor, and the instruments of production, to evolve into an American Ruling Class, and the producers of all commodities and wealth became the American Working Class People wage-workers class. Because of their divergent interests, the two classes formed a class contradiction, and the latter became known as the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite and the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. This development occurred mainly in the northern factory economy, while in the South, uncompensated African Slave Labor was dominant, which was owned by an American Slaveholding Class.
By 1860, the contradiction between the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite owner of the wage labor system came into a head-on contradiction with uncompensated African Slave Labor, and a bloody Civil War was fought to determine which type of means of production would prevail and dominate during the 20th Century?
The South was defeated, and the wage contract system became nationalized.
Therefore, throughout the twentieth Century, including the beginning of the new Millennium, the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite expropriated the labor’s product of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers, which resulted in this class accumulation of multiple-billions of dollars of Surplus-Value, and simultaneously this loss translated into the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers’ increasing alienation, estrangement, loss self-identity, self-expression, and freedom.

• Language: English
• Publisher: iUniverse
• Release date: Apr 8, 2024
• ISBN: 9781663260222

Lionel D. Lyles

Dr. Lionel D. Lyles earned his Doctoral Degree in 1977 from the University of Colorado, Boulder. It was during his tenure as a graduate student when he was introduced to the scientific study of political economy. After 1977, and for 46 years, he has carefully engaged in a study of the principal class contradiction between the American Ruling Class and the American Working Class. Dr. Lyles’ demonstrates in his book that the undeveloped social, economic, and political conditions that exist within the American Working Class is not arbitrary, but is directly linked to the American Ruling Class’s wage contract. The latter allows this class to expropriate the labor’s product of the American Working Class.

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Copyright © 2024 Lionel D. Lyles.

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DEDICATION

This book is dedicated to every American Man and Woman who has ever entered into a wage contract and worked any length of time as a wage-worker. It is also dedicated to the wage-workers of the world! Every one of the 457,392 plus words used to write this book champions the cause of the American Working Class People, who, since the beginning of American Capitalism, have used every ounce of their labor to build America into the country it is today. It is dedicated to all wage-workers who continue to struggle for the emancipation of their labor for the benefit of themselves; for the benefit of their families; and for the benefit and creation of a new, just society in which ALL working class peoples existentially know freedom, equality, justice, peace, and where love reign supreme in a consciously created social democracy.

One of my best working class friends encouraged me to consider producing this book at a time when I did not think such a creation was possible, given the 10,0000 hours of work required to bring it out of the unknown into the world of reality that is today. Without the daily inspirational words he shared with me, it is safe to honestly say this book could have easily remained only an idea. Thankfully, his voice continued to speak to me during times when I felt that I could not go on writing for hours, months, and years. Therefore, I also dedicate this book to my forever friend, comrade, and freedom fighter, namely, Roberto Herman Cordova.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Once a plan was put on paper related to the data and information that would be needed to write this book, we acknowledge the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, MD for its willingness and cooperation to make its data available. There are certain areas inside of this library where data are secured, and regular library users do not have access. We were part of this group; however, after sitting down and explaining to the library’s management exactly what data and information we needed to use, we were given permission to do our research in areas within the library known as the stacks. There are thousands are documents stored in this area. We were so fortunate to be able to work in the stacks; it took one year of researching documents in the stacks before we had everything we needed to write major portions of this book. Of all the information we were able to obtain, much of it is part of the 2,000 plus footnotes included in this book, which are available for anyone to use to replicate our findings.

So, given the important role Enoch Pratt Free Library played in the development of this book, we sincerely thank everyone for your patience and professional service.

In addition, we traveled to Washington, D C, and spent many long hours, days, and months doing research in one of the world’s premier libraries, namely, the Library of Congress. It was fascinating to do research in this library because no matter what book, article, journal, or other that we needed to complete a part of the writing of this book, we immediately found the document in the library. There was never a wait period; everything is stored in the Library of Congress that we needed, regardless of the subject, or author.

That being so, we sincerely thank the Library of Congress staff for their timely assistance with our data collection needs. Without this resource, no doubt, our road would have been much harder to travel.

Also, we acknowledge The Wall Street Journal for publishing its paper during the time we needed timely information related to the American Economy.

Lastly, we acknowledge our family and friends for their emotional and loving support. Many times the writing required days when family members, who might not have understood the significance of the work, would have been in resistance.

PREFACE

Since the first shots of the American Bourgeois Revolutionary War were fired against England’s King George Red Coat Army at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts in 1776, and from that time to November 2023 and thereafter, America’s social problem has been written and spoken about, during this time, within the limited and one-sided context of race alone. For 247 years, the vast majority of Americans were exposed to a curriculum, which taught them, regardless of educational level, ranging from Pre-K through the Post Doctorate level of study, that there has always been a color line that lies at the core of America’s social problem, both then and today. Currently, this is the prevailing thought throughout American Literature and national debate.

Overshadowed by emotional subjectivism, and buried beneath an avalanche and plethora of one-sided writings and commentaries, which is covered up with metaphysical descriptions, is this fact hidden in plain sight: America has never had a race problem throughout its 247 years of existence. No doubt, this statement is a radical departure from the commonly practiced legacy of conventional thinking that race is a monumental social problem in America today. This belief has already been thoroughly ingrained in the American Mindset through the years. This prevailing paradigm has caused every generation of Americans to believe its greatest challenge is the race problem. We are aware everyone has integrated race in all of their daily discussions and legal proceedings, regardless of the subject matter.

Similar to cancer, it is an accepted truth that race is America’s most challenging social problem, and similar to the mentioned catastrophic disease, the latter has historically evaded a cure, or solution also. White Supremacy and Systemic Racism, along with the myriad forms the latter morphs into daily, have checkmated America’s Best and Brightest Minds within and outside the halls of academia the same way a search for a cure for cancer has eluded scientists through the generations. As the race problem worsened over time, its negative impacts on people caused various social movements to spring up such as the Niagara Movement, Civil Rights Movement, NAACP Movement, Tea Party Movement, the Black Lives Matter Movement, Evangelical Movement, and Knights of Columbus Movement, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the Black Panther Party among countless others. These movements, notwithstanding their good intentions, and questionable ones, all have one thing in common, and that is, America is no closer today to a solution to its mythical Race Problem than the nation was 247 years ago!

Not surprisingly, a solution has, thus far, not been found, which is capable of ending all racial tensions and divisions among working class people, because race continues to be approached using the same old moribund methodology, where race is separated from American Political Economy. As a result, from one generation of scientists to the next, each succeeding one possessed high optimism and expectation that a solution would be discovered during their lifetime. Their generational cupboards have remained empty due to one simple but profound fact, namely, race is not analyzed within its proper historical context. Rather, race has been stubbornly analyzed as an isolated and disconnected phenomenon from American Political Economy. That is, race is discussed, by many highly educated scientists and others, but the means by which American Working Class People produce their livelihoods is omitted by many when they engage in their research, regardless of the form it takes. Thus, the prevailing, moribund paradigm we mentioned earlier teaches everyone to separate American Political Economy from race. When race is narrowly and myopically viewed in isolation from American Political Economy, the result always ends up empty and bankrupt.

Therefore, on the other hand, if race is analyzed within its broadest connections to American Political Economy, White Supremacy, Systemic Racism, and all of its other brothers and sisters’ spinoffs would rapidly melt away and vanish into thin air, similar to the way sunshine burns off dense fog on a sunny morning. By employing this new paradigm, race would no longer be analyzed as an isolated, disconnected phenomenon from American Political Economy, and by bringing to an end a study of race separately from the latter, America’s real social problem emerge out of the dense fog, namely class.

Instead of analyzing race as a one-sided isolated phenomenon, and by addressing the connections race has to American Political Economy, or the manner in which Americans acquire their livelihoods, one would sooner than later realize race forms a class, and any racial problems that exist between this or that race must be analyzed within the context of class relations and associations. As it stands today, the problem of this race or that race is invariably examined isolated from all other races independent of the class context in which they ALL naturally belong. Moreover, the old moribund idea of referring to one race or another with a minority label would be uprooted, and thrown into the dustbin of American and World History, where it belongs forever! From this vantage point, a solution to America’s so-called race problem, using this new invigorated paradigm-can be easily developed through an historical investigation of it within the natural context of class struggle.

In this light, and by moving completely away from the old paradigm that teaches people to view race as a singular phenomenon detached from American Political Economy, we have accepted the challenge, and set before us the task, of analyzing American Political Economy, from an historical perspective, to reveal the latter’s development has been wholly driven by class struggle, and not by race alone like the old, previously mentioned paradigm has been intentionally used, by the capitalist American Ruling Class, to miseducate 17 generations of American Working Class People to believe. In order to effectively show the part played by class struggle throughout the development of American Capitalism, it was imperative for us to begin our analysis before the coming into being of this system on the North American Continent.

That being so, we began our seminal study during pre-colonial times, which is a time period that dates back 10,000 years before the West European Immigrant Settlers set foot on the North American Continent and established settler colonialism, beginning in 1607. The Native American Culture consisted of a well-established and successful practice of socialism during this time, which is captured in Volume I of this book series, namely, Highest Stage Of The Development Of Capitalism In The United States And Its Effects On The American Family, Volume III, Book II, 1960 To 1980. There were roughly 19 million Native Americans living on the North American Continent by 1607. However, by the beginning of the Civil War, the Native American Culture had nearly been ethnically cleansed from North American Continent. This mass genocide resulted in the intentional removal of Native Americans from their homeland, which cleared the way for the American (West European Settler Colonialism) Colonists to establish a Home Production Economy, along the eastern seaboard, between 1607 and 1791.

During this time, the American Colonists, who lived along the eastern seaboard, were self-reliant. They owned their own tools, or means of household production. By 1810, their home production economy accounted for $51.7 million worth of cotton, flaxseed, and woolen products. However, since the American Colonists sold their excess goods to merchants, who traveled throughout the Thirteen Colonies to purchase them, they used their money to set up the first Textile Factory in 1791. Thus, no longer able to compete with the textile factories, home production was forced out of existence by the emerging merchant capitalist, and the American Colonists simultaneously loss their means of production (tools), and they were forced to seek employment in the merchant capitalist’s newly formed textile factories. By 1791, the American Colonists, mostly White People, also loss their freedom. By 1870, there were 2.1 million employed wage-workers, who constituted the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. And, there were less than one percent of the total American Population, who owned the means of production, including wage-worker labor. This small percentage of the total American Population is known as the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite. Opposite is used to focus the reader’s attention on this principal contradiction, which was the engine, or motive force, that moved American Society forward based on class struggle. Antagonism between these two classes constitute the motive force within the class struggle, which increases via this class struggle in which the identified principal contradiction always operate, during the development of American Capitalism.

At this juncture in American History, class appeared for the first time because the demand for textile factory workers transformed the free and independent American Colonists into wage-workers, and they became a part of the early working class in America. In Volume II of this book series, which has the same name mentioned earlier, the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers continued to expand between 1920 and 1960. As evidence, the 2.1million total wage-workers in 1870 produced $4.2 billion worth of total manufactured value; when the $776.0 million worth of total shared wages is deducted from the former, this resulted in a surplus-value of $3.4 billion for the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite, or nonproducers! Underlying the mentioned class antagonism, is each of the 2.1 million total wage-workers share of the $4.2 billion they aggregately produced with their labor amounted to an average annual salary of $4,320 per year! By 1960, 11.6 million total wage-workers produced $91.8 billion worth of total manufactured value, and their total shared wages was $49.5 billion. While the average annual salary for the 11.6 million total wage-workers was $3,686 in 1960, the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite realized a surplus-value worth $42.3 billion.

Moreover, as we see from this American Census Data, race has absolutely nothing to do with an individual race producing the shown surplus-value alone. It was produced by the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers, which all individual races, who earned a wage, are an inseparable part of it, including White wage-workers, who are descendants of their ancestor settler colonists. All wage-workers, regardless of race, are an inseparable part of American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers.

The last series of our mentioned book with the same title, which is, namely, Volume III, traces the American Class Struggle, which began in 1791 through 1960 to the present. In Volume III, the class struggle trend changed only insofar as the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite became exceedingly more wealthy, and the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers became progressively poorer. During the course of thirty-four Chapters and 106 Tables in Volume III, the preponderance of the American Census Data and other American Sources-ALL-corroborated this central fact. The Wall Street Journal weighed in heavily on the side of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers with useful information showing how this class has endured unimaginable hardship and intensifying exploitation.

For instance, it is brought out in Volume III that by 1963, there were 12.2 million American Working Class Opposite (People) total wage-workers; they produced a total manufactured value of $192. 1 billion; they shared a total wages worth $62.0 billion; their average annual salary amounted to $ 6,000; and the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite-nonproducers-realized a surplus-value worth $130.1 billion. It is necessary to point out here, in order to avoid any confusion, that surplus-value represents the sum of value derived from the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite’s expropriation of the total value of the manufactured product, or labor’s product, produced by the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. This finding remained true throughout the entire historical development of capitalism in the United States, from its inception in 1791 to the present day. For example, by 1977, there were 13.7 million American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers; they produced a total manufactured product value worth $585 billion; their total shared wages amounted to $157.2 billion; and the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite realized an unprecedented surplus-value worth $428.0 billion!

The impact of this exploitation has had far-reaching negative impacts on the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers, ranging from an uptick in prison incarceration, child abuse, low educational achievement and illiteracy, unemployment, poor housing, foreclosures, generalized poverty, conspicuous consumption of commodities, engagement in pornography, catastrophic diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular trauma-heart attacks-high infant mortality, mental disorders, state hospital admissions, abortion, single-parent households, divorce, violent crime, suicide, drug abuse, and much more. On October 26, 1976, Dr. Harvey Brenner, John Hopkins University Associate Professor, submitted a groundbreaking research study, namely, Estimating The Cost Of National Economic Policy: Implications For Mental and Physical Health, And Criminal Aggression, to the Joint Committee Congress Of The United States, in which he outlined the solution to violent crime. In a nutshell, he discovered …a one-percent increase in the unemployment rate sustained over a period of six years has been associated (during the past three decades) with increases of approximately: 36,887 total deaths, including 20,240 cardiovascular deaths, 920 suicides, 648 homicides, 495 deaths from cirrhosis of the liver, 4,227 state mental hospital admissions, and 3,340 state prison admissions. (See PP. 5 and 6).

As early as 1976, had Dr. Harvey Brenner’s finding been implemented then, by disallowing an increase in the unemployment rate, no doubt, the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers would not be living in the midst of a war zone today, where the latest count show there have been more than 600 mass shooting in America since January 1, 2023 to November 25, 2023. All of the other indicators of the deterioration of the lives of affected American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers have also increased. As it is today, the latter only feels himself or herself free when they are engaging in their animal function-drinking, using drugs, procreating, buying material things, gambling, consuming spectator sports, dancing like prostitutes, and making bodily gyrations without thought or purpose and more. As a human being, the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers no longer feel themselves to be nothing other than an animal. Sex drives every encounter.

This social decay is discussed at length in this book. The primary cause of it, based on the preponderance of American Data Sources, is a sustained expropriation of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers’ labor’s product by the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite. This expropriation of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers’ labor’s product is the cause of their alienation and estrangement.

Alienation and estrangement simply mean the total manufactured value produced by them end up in the hands of the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite. Having no decision about the use, distribution, or sale of the surplus-value they produce, the latter confronts the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers as an alien power, which has authoritarian and dictatorial power, and place significant limitations on their individual freedom. With only wages, millions of American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers live from day-to-day, both inadequately nourished and without medical care to help them maintain their mental and physical health.

We did not make this this information up. There are more than 2,000 references contained in this book, which verify this fact independent of any subjective wishes, or judgment the author might have in mind.

Every thought discussed in this book is done so for one main purpose: To wake up the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. Today, far too many have their physical eyes opened but they are walking around asleep. Almost no one ever ask a real question about why the social, economic, political, judicial, and environmental situation in America continues to free fall similar to a rock sinking from the surface of the ocean to the bottom.

The use of the technique that cause an atomic bomb to explode is a metaphor that could cause an explosive awakening of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. Uranium, which has the highest atomic weight in the Periodic Table, is the atom used to cause an atomic bomb to explode; 2,000 plus references are data and information that can cause a shake-up of the neurons in the minds of the sleeping American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. Uranium smash into an atom’s neutron, electron, and proton at an extremely high and incomprehensible rate of speed, causing an atom to split open one after another in a chain reaction manner. This releases a massive amount of destructive energy because everything an affected atom is inside of, including humans, vegetation, and man and woman-made objects-ALL-are instantly vaporized and destroyed. The 2,000 plus footnotes do not split open the neurons in the human brain; it is absorbed by the human brain at 1/1000 per sec, and the information shakes the human mind, from its unconscious state to a politically conscious aware one.

Therefore, we urge the readers to read this book so they can wake up and see what is happening to them and their working class families. Appendix B includes a flow chart, which makes it easy to understand how all of the information in this book flows, from pre-colonial times to the present.

CONTENTS

List of Tables

Introduction

XVI:   CONCENTRATION OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION IN THE AMERICAN CAPITALIST ECONOMY

A.  Ownership of the Means of Production in the American Economy By 1981

B.  American Government’s Role in the promotion of Corporate Concentration By 1981

C.  Regional Banking Activity of the American Bank Industry By 1981

D.  Concentration of the Coal Industry By the American Oil Industry in 1981

E.  AT& T, Boeing Aircraft, and DuPont: Selected Cases of High Concentration in of the Means of production in the American Marketplace By 1980

F.  Corporate Concentration: The Primary Cause of Business Failures By 1981

G.  Price-Fixing in the American Marketplace By 1980

XVII:   MANUFACTURERS’ INVENTORIES IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1977 TO THE PRESENT

A.  Layoffs of American Working Class People in Large Numbers By 1980

B.  Plant Closings in the United States: Post American Ruling Class Opposite’s Foreign Direct Investments in Countries Abroad By 1980

C.  United States and World Trade from 1960 to 1980

D.  Ronald Reagan’s Landslide Victory for the American Ruling Class’s Supply-Side Agenda By 1980

XVIII:   SUPPLY-SIDE ECONONICS OR VOODOO ECONOMICS?

A.  What is Supply-Side Economics?

B.  Supply-Side Economics: An Ahistorical Theory?

C.  Reaganomics and its Effect on the American Economy

a.  House of Representatives Federal Budget Cuts By 1981

b.  United States Senate Budget Cuts and President Ronald Reagan’s Shining House On A Hill, 1981

c.  President Ronald Reagan’s and the American Ruling Class’s Tax Cut Plan Approved in July 1981

d.  Criticism of Reaganomics By David Stockman-President Ronald Reagan’s Point Man Responsible for its Implementation

e.  Political Struggle Between the American Ruling Class’s Servants: Monetarists v. Supply-Siders By 1981

XIX:   MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THE UNITED STATES

A.  Use of the Soviet Threat Wrapping Paper as a Mind Control Technique By the Reagan Administration in 1980

B.  President Ronald Reagan and the United States Government’s Military Buildup

C.  Reaction of the Soviet Union to the Alleged Soviet Threat Mythology-Does It Exist?

D.  American Business, Profit and the Soviet Threat By 1980

E.  American Military Expenditures-1960 to Present

F.  Procurement and Employment by the American Military Industrial Complex: Red and Blue States Equal Green Dollars

J.  Weapons of Mass Destruction and Cost Overruns By 1980

a.  F-15 Fighter Plane

b.  MK86 Weapon Control System

c.  M1 Tank

H.  Military Personnel

I.  Nuclear Proliferation

XX:   THE CONDITION OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS BETWEEN 1960 AND 1980

A.  Occupational Structure of the American Working Class By 1970

B.  Age Composition of the American Working Class By 1970

C.  Family Composition of the American Working Class By 1970

a.  Years of School Completed By 1970

b.  The Working Day and the Source of Surplus-Value and Profit

D.  Parasitic and Human Exploitation of the American Working Class People By the American Ruling Class

E.  Income of American Working Class Families By 1969

a.  American Working Class Families Below the Poverty Level by 1970

b.  American Industrial Labor Reserve By 1970

F.  Unemployment in the United States By 1980

a.  The Reagan Administration’s Hachett, Trade Unions’ Capitulation, and the Wage Cuts and Freezes Both Left Behind Between 1980 and 1982

b.  Corporate Executive Compensation Between 1978 and 1980

c.  Expansion of the Service Sector of the American Work Force By 1980

XXI:   ALIENATION CAUSED BY THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS OPPOSITE PEOPLE’S LOSS OF THEIR LABOR IN THE FORM OF SURPLUS-VALUE DURING THE COURSE OF CAPITALIST PRODUCTION

A.  Contradiction

C.  Principal Contradiction

D.  Principal Aspects of a Contradiction

E.  Identity and Struggle of Principal Aspects of a Principal Contradiction

XXII:   ALIENATION AND THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS BY 1980

A.  American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers

B.  American Ruling Class Opposite (Half of one percent of the Total American Population)

XXIII:   ALIENATION AND ESTRANGEMENT OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS PEOPLE FROM THEIR LABOR’S PRODUCT

A.  Alienation of The Labor of American Working Class Wage-Workers, or Estrangement From the Product Their Labor Produce

B.  Alienation and Estrangement of the American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers From the Act of Production and Activity of Production

C.  Alienation and Estrangement of the American Working Class People from Each Other

D.  External Loss of the Labor’s Product of the American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers is Felt in Their Animal Function

XXIV:   ALIENATION AND ESTRANGEMENT OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS PEOPLE: A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE BY AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENTISTS

A.  Selected Social Scientists’ Affirmation of the Existence of an Alienation and Estrangement Condition Prevalent Among the American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers

B.  Effects Alienation and Estrangement from their Labor’s Product Have on the American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers

XXV:   MANIFESTATION OF SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF THE ALIENATED AND ESTRANGED BEHAVIOR OF THE WAGE-WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1980 AND 1982

A.  Defects in the American Working Class Opposite Wage-Workers’ Labor’s Product Caused by their Alienation and Estrangement from its Value

B.  Product Recalls

C.  Decadence in the United States

D.  Fashion: More Evidence of the Existence of Alienation and Estrangement of American Working Class People

E.  The Cowboy Myth

F.  Electronic Games

G.  Cults and Encounter Groups

H.  Horror Movies

I.  Burnout Among the American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers

XXVI:   HOUSING QUESTION IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1960 TO 1982

A.  Introduction

B.  Housing Value and Rent By 1970

C.  Housing Quality By 1970

D.  Residential Financing By 1970

E.  United States Housing Situation Between 1980 and 1982

a.  Interest Rate Between 1980 and 1982

b.  Housing Starts in the United States Between 1980 and 1982

c.  Housing Costs in the United States between 1980 and 1982

d.  Mortgage Schemes Used By American Lending Institutions Between 1980 and 1982

1.   Variable Rate Mortgage Scheme

2.   Renegotiable Rate Mortgage Scheme

3.   Other Oppressive Mortgage Schemes Used By Lending Institutions to Shift Their Rising Interest Rate Cost to American Working Class Home-Buyers

e.  Home Foreclosures in the Unites States By 1982

f.  Homeless American Working Class People in the United States Between 1980 and 1982

XXVII:   CRIME AND INSTITUTIONALIZED AMERICAN WORKING CLASS PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1960 TO 1982

A.  Crime in the United States Between 1960 and 1970

B.  Violent Crimes in the United States Between 1970 and 1980

C.  Institutionalized Prison Population in the United States Between 1970 and 1982

a.  American Veterans of Military Service Incarcerated In Prisons Between 1970 and 1982

b.  Population Density in American Prisons Between 1970 and 1982

c.  Jail-Building Boom and Other Reforms Between 1970 and 1982, and the Violent Crime Conditions that led to the Violent Murder of Trayvon Martin By 2012

XXVIII:   UNITED STATES AND ITS EDUCATION STATUS BETWEEN 1970 AND 1982

A.  Educational Attainment of American Working Class People By 1970

B.  American Working Class Illiteracy Between 1970 and 1982

C.  Underlying Cause of Illiteracy Hidden in Plain Sight

a.  American Banking Education and the Foundation of the Brainwashing Process

b.  Oppressor Consciousness Within: A Result of Banking Education

D.  American High School Student Illiteracy Between 1970 and 1982

E.  Illiteracy and Work Between 1970 and 1982

F.  Student Illiteracy and the Law Profession Between 1970 and 1982

G.  Scholastic Aptitude Test Scores and High School Student Dropouts Between 1970 and 1982

H.  Teacher Illiteracy and their Layoffs in America Between 1970 and 1982

I.  Student Tuition, Federal Government Interest Rate and Selected Educational Program Cuts Between 1980 and 1982

J.  Computers in the American Public and Private Schools Classroom Between 1980 and 1982

K.  Technical Demands of American Business and Government Between 1980 and 1982

L.  American Public and Private School Violence and Television Portrayal of Violence and Aggression Between 1980 and 1982

XXIX:   MANIFESTATIONS OF ALIENATION AND ESTRANGEMENT: INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS, AUTOMOBILE FATALITIES, DEREGULATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE BETWEEN 1960 AND 1982

A.  Industrial Accidents in the American Workplace Between 1960 and 1982

B.  Automobile Fatalities on American Highways Between 1960 and 1980

C.  Increasing Antagonism Within the American Ruling Class Opposite and American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers Principal Contradiction By 1980

XXX:   ADVERTISING, TELEVISION, SUBLIMINAL SEDUCTION, AND NEGATION OF FREEDOM OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS PEOPLE BETWEEN 1980 and 1982

A.  American Television: An Instrument for the Delivery of Mind Manipulation and Control Between 1980 and 1982

B.  Frequency of Public Consumption of Commercials Between 1980 and 1982

C.  Subliminal Seduction Techniques Embedded in Commercial Advertising Between 1980 and 1982

D.  Examples of False Advertising Between 1980 and 1982

E.  Advertising Expenditure Between 1980 and 1982

XXXI:   CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS PEOPLE BETWEEN 1980 AND 1982

A.  American Working Class People’s Alcohol Consumption Between 1960 and 1982

B.  American Working Class’s Expenditures on Alcohol Between 1960 and 1978 show a significant increase in this class’s consumption of alcoholic beverages.

C.  Alcohol Use Among American Working Class Teenagers

D.  Alcohol Use Among the Elderly American Working Class People

E.  American Working Class People’s Consumption of Alcohol and Its Effect on Their Health

F.  American Working Class People’s Consumption of Cigarettes-A Deadly Poison-Between 1960 and 1982

a.  Total and Per Capita Cigarette Consumption By the American Working Class People Between 1960 and 1982

b.  Health Consequences of Cigarette Smoking Between 1960 and 1982

c.  Low Tar Cigarette Scheme: American Working Class People’s Consumption of a Deadly Carcinogen, or Poison

G.  American Working Class People and the Evangeline Oak Drug Abuse Metaphor Between 1960 and 1982

a.  Drug Abuse And Psychological Disorders Between 1960 and 1982

b.  Drug Abuse By American Working Class Youth and Young Adults

c.  Heroin and Cocaine Abuse By The American Working Class Opposite (People)

d.  The Capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite’s Drug Traffic and Its International Character

H.  Retail Sales and Consumer Credit

a.  Expansion of the American Shopping Mall and its Quasi-Prison Effects

b.  Consumer Credit

c.  Consumer Debt Burden of the American Working Class Opposite People

d.  Personal Bankruptcy and the Impoverishment of the American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers/Producers of All Wealth

e.  American Spectator Sports and the Modern-Day Roman Coliseums

f.  National Sports Audience

g.  Spectator Sports and Violence

h.  Spectator Sports and Sensationalism

i.  Spectator Sports and Drug Abuse

j.  Spectator Sports and American Ruling Class Opposite Profits Realized from Violence in the Game

k.  Television Revenue Generated from the Alienation and Estrangement of the American Working Class Opposite (People) from their Labor’s Product

l.  Salaries of Professional Athletes

m.  The 1982 NFL Strike

n.  Why the 1982 NFL Strike Failed

o.  Examples of Economics in Spectator Sports

XXXII:   AMERICAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AND THE DEVELOPING UNDEDRLYING HEALTH CONDITIONS OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS PEOPLE BETWEEN 1980 AND 1982 AND THE PRECONDITION FOR A FUTURE DEADLY CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19)

A.  American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers’ General Health

B.  The American Diet

C.  The American Diet: A Cause of Cardiovascular (Heart Disease) and Cancer

a.  American Ruling Class Opposite Definition

b.  American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers Definition

D.  Suicide, Toxic Shock Syndrome and the Tylenol Situation

E.  American Capitalism Takeover of the Healthcare Industry

a.  Hospital Concentration By 1980

b.  American Ruling Class Opposite’s Corporate Profits and the Exploitation of American Public Health

F.  Brief Summary Of The Evolution of American Capitalism And Its Incompatibility With The American Working Class Family

XXXIII:   THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS FAMILY AND THE HIGHEST STAGE OF ITS SOCIAL DECAY

A.  Historical Overview of Monogamy

B.  Marriage in American Capitalist Society

C.  Divorce in American Society from 1960 To Present

D.  Single-Parent Household Phenomenon and the Origin of Hip-Hop Trend

E.  Domestic Violence in the American Monogamous Nuclear Family

F.  Child Abuse Within the Monogamous American Nuclear Family

G.  Abortion in the Monogamous American Nuclear Family

XXXIV:   CONCLUSION

Bibliography

Appendix A

Appendix B

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER XVI

Table 1.45:  Losses of New York City’s Ten Biggest Savings Banks During First Quarter 1981

Table 1.46:  Price-Fixing in the United States By 1981 (Millions)

CHAPTER XVII

Table 1.47:  Business Inventories By Month, Amount, Percentage Increase and Total Value Between 1980 and 1981

Table 1.48:  Layoffs in the United States By Selected Company Between May 1980 and May 1981

Table 1.49:  Plant Closings in the United States for a Selected Number of Businesses Between 1980 and 1981

Table 1.50:  Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment for the United States Between 1960 and 1978

CHAPTER XVIII

Table 1.51:  Federal Budget Cuts Approved By the House of Representatives in 1981

Table 1.52:  Federal Budget Cuts Approved By the U.S. Senate In May 1981

Table 1.53:  Major Provisions of the Congressionally Approved Reagan Administration Tax-Cut Plan in July 1981

Table 1.54:  Typical American Family of Four

CHAPTER XIX

Table 1.55:  Federal Outlays for National Defense Between 1965 and 1979

Table 1.56:  Ten Biggest Defense Contractors By 1979

Table 1.57A: Ten Biggest Defense Contractors, from May 1980 to May 1981

Table 1.57B: Ten Biggest Defense Contractors Between May 1980 and May 1981

Table 1.58:  The Nuclear Club and its Potential Members

CHAPTER XX

Table 1.59:  Occupational Structure of the American Working Class Based on Number And Percent By 1970

Table 1.60:  Male and Female Heads of American Working Class Families, Per Occupation Category By 1970

Table 1.61:  American Working Class Family Income for Male and Female Heads of Households By 1970

Table 1.62:  Annual Average Earnings of the American Production Wage-Worker Between 1970 to 1979

Table 1.63:  Unemployment in the United States By 1980

Table 1.64:  Selected Corporate Executive Pay By 1978

Table 1.65:  Selected U.S. Executive Pay By 1980

Table 1.66:  Big Raises for Mutual Insurance Bosses By 1981

Table 1.67:  Selected Trade Union Leaders Pay By 1980

CHAPTER XXV

Table 1.68:  Major American Building Failures Between 1973 and 1981

Table 1.69:  Selected Product Recalls Between 1980 and 1981

Table 1.70:  Selected Horrific Movies Released in 1981

Table 1.71:  Top Ten Moneymaking Horror Films Released Between 1960 and 1978

Table 1.72:  Top Ten Moneymaking Films from the Seventies

CHAPTER XXVI

Table 1.73:  Home Mortgage Interest Rate Between 1980 and 1982

Table 1.74:  New Housing Units Started Between 1980 and 1982

Table 1.75:  New-Home Sales in the United States Between 1980 and 1982

Table 1.76:  Index of Housing Comparability for Selected American Cities By 1981

Table 1.77:  Comparison Between Variable Rate and Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans

Table 1.78:  Impact of Rising Interest Rates on the American Working Class Wage-Worker Home-Buyers by 1980

CHAPTER XXVII

Table 1.79:  Violent Crime Occurrence, Rate, and Percent Change Between 1960 and 1970

Table 1.80:  Crime Rate and Affected Geographical Regions By 1970

Table 1.81:  Violent Crime Frequency of Occurrence Rate Between 1960 and 1970

Table 1.82:  Violent Crime Offenses Known to Law Enforcement Agencies By 1980: Part I and Part II

Table 1.83:  Violent Crime Occurrence Rate Between 1970 and 1980

Table 1.84:  Veterans Incarcerated in American Prisons By 1970

CHAPTER XXVIII

Table 1.85:  Millions of American Working Class People Who Can’t Cope

CHAPTER XXIX

Table 1.86:  American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers Killed or Disabled on the Job Between 1960 and 1980

Table 1.87:  Motor Vehicle Fatalities in the United States-By Number Of Accidents, Deaths, and Rates Between 1960 and 1980

CHAPTER XXX

Table 1.88:  TV Advertising Expenditure of Selected American Corporations in 1980

Table 1.89:  Distilled Spirits Advertisings Expenditures By Mass Media Types Between 1975 and 1981

Table 1.90:  Selected Advertising Expenditures by Corporation and Product Name Between 1980 and 1982

CHAPTER XXXI

Table 1.91:  Sales of Selected Leading Liquor Brands By 1980

Table 1.92:  Top Ten States Per Capita Consumption Of Wine, Malt Beverages And Liquor By 1979

Table 1.93:  Top Ten Metropolitan Areas with Highest Total Sales of Distilled Spirits By 1978

Table 1.94:  Total Expenditures for All Beverages And Distilled Spirits Between 1960 and 1978

Table 1.95:  Most Common Features of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome By 1975

Table 1.96:  Cigarettes Smoked Per Day Between 1970 and 1979

Table 1.97:  Annual Deaths Caused By Respiratory Disease for 1964, 1966, 1970, 1975, And 1977

Table 1.98A: Major Department Store Accumulated Retail Sales Between 1980 and 1982

Table 1.98B: Major Department Store Accumulated Retail Sales Between 1980 and 1982

Table 1.99:  Total Monthly Retail Sales for The United States From January 1980 To August 1982

Table 1.100:  Change in American Consumer Debt Between August 1980 and December 1982

Table 1.101:  Average NFL Player Salaries By Selected Positions in 1980

Table 1.102:  Top Moneymakers Among Professional Baseball Players By 1982

CHAPTER XXXII

Table 1.103:  American Working Class Opposite (People’s) Consumption of Major Food Commodities Per Person Between 1960 and 1980

Table 1.104:  Name, Use, and Potential Effect of a Selected Number of Chemical Additives in the Food American Working Class Opposite (People) Wage-Workers consumed By 1980

Table 1.105:  Prescription Drugs for Ailments Without Cures By 1980

CHAPTER XXXIV

Table 1.106:  Predatory Disparity Between the Total Value of the Product Produced, Total Wages Shared, and the Average Annual Salary of the Total Wage-Workers, From 1870 to 1960

Table 1.107:  Predatory Disparity Between the Total Value of the Product Produced, Total Wages Shared, and the Annual Average Salary of the Total Wage-Workers, from 1963 to 1977

INTRODUCTION

This is Book II of Highest Stage Of The Development Of Capitalism In The United States And Its Effects On The American Family, Volume III, Book II, 1960 To 1980. Because of its 1,127 pages length, which exceeds the limit for publication in a single volume, Book II was published as a part of Volume III. The latter is the last edition in a four-book series, inclusive of Volumes I, II, and III (Book I is published as the first part of Volume III). Each volume of the identified book is linked together in a harmonious analysis of the development of American Capitalism, from pre-colonial times to the present. Every succeeding volume builds on the historical experience of the former one. And, there are 2,051footnotes, which serves as a thread that, neatly and seamlessly, weave the historical development of capitalism in the United States into a logical, scientific, and comprehensive whole.

Similar to working class people’s grandmothers several generations ago, who purchased cloth, and in some instances, including those who used flour and feed sacks who did not have the money to purchase cloth, sewed together the neck, shoulders, chest, abdomen, waist, upper back, front and rear beneath the waist, into a beautiful finished dress, or other. Using primarily 99.9 percent of American sources, we carefully sewed the historical development of capitalism in the United States together with a preponderance of its data and narrative information, which shows, from its inception in 1791, American Society evolved into a class society, namely, the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite and American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. The historical development of this principal contradiction generated an internal antagonism between the two classes, which was instrumental in pushing the development of American Society forward during the course of its 248 years of social, economic, political, judicial, and environmental experience.

Volumes I, II, and III (Book I) laid down the development of American Capitalism, from its beginning in 1791 to 1980. As a continuation of its development, Volume III-Book II-continues our analysis of the historical experience, and unfolding of the class struggle going-on between the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite and the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. Particularly, Volume III-Book II-shows by 1980, the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite, using the expropriated labor’s product, or Surplus-Value, of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers, transformed American economic relations into monopoly-capitalism. For example, Table 1.106 shows the extent to which the American Capitalist System had developed into monopoly-capitalism by 1960. That year, there were 11.6 million total wage-workers employed, who collectively manufactured a total value of $91.8 billion. The mentioned wage-workers shared a collective total wage equal to $49.5 billion. When the total wages shared was subtracted from the total value of the manufactured product, this figure resulted in a surplus-value, or profit, of $42.3 billion. Astonishingly, when the total wages shared collectively by the 11.6 million total wage-workers was translated into an average annual salary, the amount of take-home pay each wage-worker received was $3,686 per year by 1960. Table 1.107 shows surplus-value was $428.0 billion by 1977, and the average annual salary, for 13.7 million total wage-workers, was $10,556 per year by 1977. In effect, surplus-value increased 912.0 percent between 1960 and 1977!! This trend continued into the new millennium.

And, unfortunately, this meant an overall worsening of the social, economic, political, and environmental conditions of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. Their alienation and estrangement from the total value of the manufactured product they produced is analyzed in detail later. Alienation and estrangement, however, was discovered to be much less related to a wage-worker’s mental and emotional condition as it is more aptly generated by his or her separation from their labor’s product during the course of the act of production on a daily basis.

Therefore, and as a continuation of Volume III-Book I-Chapter XVI examines the massive concentration of the means of production in the hands of the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite by 1980. Every inch of the American Manufacturing Private Sector was monopolized by 1980, and this meant price-fixing was widespread and layoffs and wage cuts became household names among the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. Chapter XVII highlights their increasing layoffs, exacerbated by an upsurge in plant closing. The United States world trade position is analyzed with an emphasis on import and exports. Imports reflect a strong, robust economy. Chapter XVIII includes an analysis of Reaganomics. The entire Chapter deals with this subject so everyone can get a healthy appetite of how an unproven and ahistorical collection of fragmented ideas was put forward by the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite as a tested and proven theory worthy of implementation.

The Military-Industrial Complex in the United States is analyzed, in Chapter XIX, to show the marriage that exists between the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite’s businesses and the American Military need for weapons of mass destruction. By using a demonizing approach to characterize a nation, and added in a sustained dose of fear, and through the timely dissemination of it to the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers, the groundwork is laid to request billions of dollars from the U.S. Congress, which normally approves the exorbitant outlays. In this case, the Soviet Threat was used during the so-called Cold War, and Russia is demonized today for this purpose. Any nation can be used as long as a threat can be used to generate fear. The Reagan Administration, and all succeeding presidents, have used this tactic to easily convince the U. S. Congress more billions of American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers’ tax dollars are needed to build more weapons of mass destruction.

Chapter XIX concludes the discussion of the American Ruling Class Opposite’s historical development of its capitalist system, which we began in Volume I and II of this book series. Chapter XX includes a detail analysis of the condition of the American Working Class from 1960 to 1980. Such items as the occupational structure of the working class, years of school completed, income, wage cuts, layoffs, poverty, corporate executive compensation, surplus-value, and the industrial labor reserve are examined in detail among others. With the deterioration of the manufacturing private sector, the rise of the service sector is examined. Chapter XXI examines the meaning of Alienation, which is a loss of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers’ labor product due to its expropriation by the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite, or nonproducers. A definition of contradiction is also provided. Chapter XXII defines the meaning of working class and ruling class in America by 1980 and today. Chapter XXIII examines the different forms of alienation and estrangement, namely, alienation from labor’s product, alienation from the means of production, and alienation of working class people from each other. Equally important is the end product of these forms of alienation and estrangement, which is the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers loss of its ability to be human and only feel oneself in their animal function-eating, drinking, procreating, dressing and make-up, fighting, arguing, and more. Chapter XXIV utilizes the research of American Social Scientists to prove alienation and estrangement of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers exists.

How alienation and estrangement manifest in the form of human behavior is addressed in Chapter XXV. Product defects, product recalls, The Cowboy Myth, cults, encounter groups, empowerment groups, and preoccupation with mobile phones and electronic games are examined in detail. Chapter XXVI deals with the housing question in the United States between 1960 and 1982. Interest rates, housing starts, mortgage schemes, home foreclosures, homelessness are analyzed by 1982. Chapter XXVII addresses the crime and institutionalized working class population in the United States between 1960 and 1982. The capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite’s profit motive is uncovered and made transparent. The educational status of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers is examined between 1970 and 1982 in Chapter XXVIII. Banking Education as a cause of brainwashing is presented, along with the illiteracy and ignorance it intentionally creates. Additional evidence of alienation and estrangement is brought out in Chapter XXIX, namely, industrial accidents, automobile fatalities, deregulation, and climate change between 1960 and 1982. Chapter XXX deals with advertising, television, subliminal seduction and negation of the freedom of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. How subliminal seduction works is explained in detail. Sex and death symbols are embedded in nearly all modern-day advertising, including print and electronic forms.

In Chapter XXXI, we show most American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers die premature deaths. They usually dig their graves with their forks. Many ingest toxic smoke from cigarettes, while so many thousands of others die prematurely from drug abuse such as alcohol, heroin, cocaine, and fentanyl. The capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite drug traffic and its international character is also examined. Spectator sports are conspicuously consumed, and the salaries of professional athletes are demystified. Chapter XXXII deals with the American Diet, catastrophic diseases, and the takeover of hospitals by hospital corporations. The data shows how the health of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers has been made into a market so the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite owner of it can make exorbitant profits off of sick and dying wage-workers. A profit is made off of them, from birth to the grave.

Chapter XXXIII brings everything together regarding the social and economic well-being of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers’ family. The monogamy form of the latter opens the examination, followed by marriage and divorce, from 1960 to the present. The single-parent phenomenon is addressed, and the latter is shown to be the origin of the Hp-Hop Trend. Domestic violence is a direct sign of the antagonism that continues to escalate between the American Ruling Class Opposite and the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers. Rather than the violence being acted out against the former, the latter class turns it inward on oneself and their love ones due to overwhelming alienation and estrangement experienced through the generations, and caused by the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers’ direct connection to the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite Capitalist System. Finally, abortion is considered, and it is the embodiment of the White Females’ discontent with the violence perpetrated against innocent working class people in America and worldwide.

CHAPTER XVI

CONCENTRATION OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION IN THE AMERICAN CAPITALIST ECONOMY

Anyone who claims to be knowledgeable of capitalism will not disagree with this fact if it is to continue to exist, which is, this economic form must constantly expand. We have traced the expansion of U.S. Capitalism, from its beginning in the American Textile Mill Industry, along the Eastern Seaboard in 1795, to its development into today’s multinational corporate stage of development commonly known among economists and politicians as Globalization.

Having witnessed this expansion thus far, there is one question that needs to be addressed. That is, while the U. S. System of capitalism has expanded its operation to other nations, does this mean its expansion is no longer taking place in the whole market? To answer this question, we must not overlook the fact U.S. Multinational Corporate Development is the daughter of National Corporate Development in America. A human being, for example, must develop through his or her childhood before one is able to enter into a new phase of growth, namely adulthood. That being so, we see that the national market’s potential for yielding profit is first maximized. This does not mean that all of the industries in the domestic economy shut down when they achieve a multinational status. What really happens is the following. Domestic industries seek to continuously improve, or expand their existing market position, by capturing a greater portion of the existing share of it held by other companies. Operating within the anarchy environment in the American Marketplace, various industries struggle for survival like animals in the jungle. Only the strongest ones survive the economic battle! The primary weapon used by the largest industries is inflation. It is used to drive medium and small-scale business out of business, by steadily flooding the marketplace with an over-supply of commodities, and at the self-same time, their prices are steadily increased. Similar to dominoes, the latter businesses go bankrupt one after the next. Nothing can stop this economic carnage until the large-scale industries have expanded sufficiently larger. At this point, the Capitalist Business Cycle reset, moving slowly out of recession to a period of prosperity, and then back to inflation and recession and so forth. As this Capitalist Business Cycle moves through its man-made iterations, more segments of the American Marketplace are destroyed as a result of the struggle for survival going-on between large-scale businesses and medium and smaller-ones.

Therefore, if this inherent feature of the American Capitalism would suddenly cease to exist, no profits could be made, and production would obviously end. To delay this inevitable fate of U.S. Capitalism, the U.S. Government, like a medical doctor giving CPR to a dying person in an attempt to revive him or her, the former provides assistance to the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite’s big business by changing existing laws, and making new ones, which reduce, or eliminate regulations such as Antitrust Laws and so forth. By doing so, its large businesses, as we have already seen, swallow up their former competitors as well as potential ones. This is the way big businesses realize profits today.

Before we take a look at the role the U. S. Government plays in this marketplace game, it is necessary, at this time, to show what portion of the American Population own the great majority of all private property. By doing so, we will prove that an American Ruling Class Opposite exist in the United States, and that it is this class that is the architect of the increased concentration of the means of production in the existing American Marketplace.

A. Ownership of the Means of Production in the American Economy By 1981

The most recent data available on the subject of stock ownership of U.S. Corporations are included in a congressional report titled Investigation of Concentration of Economic Power, 76th Congress, 3rd Session, 1940. This document deals primarily with the distribution of ownership of 200 of the nation’s largest non-financial corporations.

According to the above report, in 1931 the number of men and women owning…stock in at least one corporation is found to be probably between 8,000,000 and 9,000,000, or 6 to 7 percent of the country’s population…Only about 1 in 15 inhabitants of this country and less than 1in 5 persons receiving income owns corporate stock. Most of these stockholders receive only very small amounts of dividends or none at all.¹ In fact, the report stated of the 8.5 million stockholders, one-half receive less than $100 in dividends. And not more than 2 million stockholders receive annual dividend income over $500. That being so, the data indicates that a small number of Americans owned the majority of private property in the United States as early as 1937. This small group of owners of the mean of production is a part of the American Ruling Class Opposite. As it is, this class alone consisted of no more half-of-one percent of the total American Population. Since the members of this class own the means of production, they, in turn, control all economic, judicial, and political power in the United States. Although the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers, regardless of race, color, gender, or religion, constitute the greatest majority of the total American Population, conversely, or the opposite is true inasmuch as this class owns no economic or political power. Due to generational brainwashing, most of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers falsely believe they are part of the Democratic Party. The latter is controlled by the American Ruling Class Opposite. In short, the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers do not have the money the American Ruling Class Opposite has, and therefore, it does not have any economic or political power. What is interesting to note here is the vast majority of the wealth owned by the American Ruling Class Opposite, in the form of stocks and other instruments, is produced by the vast majority of the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers.

That being so, their consolation, which is fed to them by the mass media infinitesimal times 24/7 annually, is if you Mr. American Working Class Man and Woman exercise your vote, then you will be able to obtain economic and political power. This is an American Ruling Class Opposite’s Idea, and it is a myth and a fantasy!! Interestingly, the slave owner, during the American Slavery Institution, did not get together and vote to determine if a majority of them wanted to establish this brutal and savage institution. They simply agreed to set it up along the lines of the slave systems that their ancestors set up in Europe generations before the American Slaveowners set up his version of slavery in America. Similarly, the owners of the American Economy, or the means of production, did not vote to set up the American Factory System; the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite patterned its Industrial Revolution after the one their ancestors set up in Europe. Yet, the American Ruling Class Opposite has the nerve to tell the American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers to go to the Polls and vote for their economic power upon which its Freedom stands. The American Working Class Opposite (People) wage-workers are standing on their heads, and not on the wealth that their labor produce. This is the cause of poverty, and every social, economic, political, judicial, and environmental problems, including climate change, known in the United States grows directly out of it.

How large was the American Ruling Class by 1937?

The report on the Investigation of Concentration of Economic Powers stated the number of persons for whom stocks constitute the major source of income and the major portion of property is very small. It is unlikely that this group comprises much more than 500,000 persons or one-half of 1 percent of the population.² It is also interesting to note here that members of this class owned the majority of stock of the 200 largest non-financial corporations in 1937. The report stated these… corporations at the end of 1937 had assets of nearly $70,000,000,000, or about 25 percent of the assets of all corporations and about 45 percent of those of all non-financial corporations… Perhaps more important than these figures is the fact that the 200 corporations predominated in almost all of the major manufacturing industries of the country, it’s electric, gas, and water utilities, its railroads and large sections of its retail distribution and his service industries.³ This situation remained fundamentally unchanged since 1937 by1980. The only change of note was the entrance into the stock market of a large number of investors.

Today the number of Americans, who own stock is 29.8 million.⁴ Of the 160 million eligible voters in 1980, only 19.0 percent owned stock. The typical profile of a stockholder in 1981 was as follows: (1) median age-45.5 years (2) 38.7%-four years of more of college, and (3) 7 of 10 stockholders work.⁵ The most critical point to recognize here is the fact that the typical stockholder in 1980 owned stock valued at $4,000. This value does not place the majority of stockholders in the American Ruling Class today! According to The Wall Street Journal, a typical adult shareholder in 1980 owned a portfolio valued at $4,000…⁶ If we assume each of the 29.8 million stockholders owned a portfolio of $4,000 in 1980, and by multiplying the latter by the former, we come up with a total of $119.2 billion. But, since the typical stockholder does not act as a class but as an individual, his or her influence in the economic and political process in the country, and unlike the American Ruling Class, is negligible. Moreover, we should point out that, according to Kosnett, the median age of stock portfolios purchased by those new to the market dropped from $4,915 to $2,065.⁷ This 58.0 percent decrease is additional evidence of the declining influence of the individual stockholder.

Having provided evidence that affirms the existence of an American Ruling Class Opposite in the United States, in addition to showing that the majority of stockholders own the least private property, and that the American Ruling Class Opposite has the most economic and political power in the United States, let us now show how its influence works through an examination of the actions the U. S. Government is now taking to promote increased corporate concentration in the U. S. Economy.

B. American Government’s Role in the promotion of Corporate Concentration By 1981

Arthur Burch, Corporate Merger and Reorganization Specialist, stated …takeovers of huge companies have become a way of life in industrial America.⁸ He confirmed the latter behavior of the capitalist American Ruling Class Opposite, which is what our research has brought to light since the American Civil War Period and thereafter. While takeovers have increased, American Politicians and Economists, who are employed by some of the most prestigious universities in the United States, have recently preoccupied themselves with one