A Christian Student’S Guide to Truth in Science

By Stanley J. O’Briant

This book exposes the attempt to teach atheistic evolution to students, often ridiculing their faith in God. The classrooms in our schools have become the battlegrounds for the minds of our children. Since the introduction of evolution by Charles Darwin there has been a growing list of atheist professors who vigorously fight any religion. The classrooms of America should not be the battlegrounds of any religion, but evolution is a religion. It has no place in the classroom since it does not offer any information that improves the teaching of any science class, except evolution itself. There is no proof of evolution, only assertions, innuendos, credulity (belief without proof), and suppositions. Fully one-third of all geology textbooks deal with evolution, which is founded only opinion and undocumented assertions. Therefore, it should be removed from all textbooks. Dr. David Menton, who taught medicine at the Washington School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, for twenty-five years, stated that he never once needed to reference evolution in any medical class. A coalition of organizations such as the National Academy of Sciences, whose members are 93% atheist or agnostic, and the National Center for Science and Education control most of the government grants intended for schools use, fully support the atheism of evolution, and they attack any criticism of evolution.

• Language: English
• Publisher: WestBow Press
• Release date: Mar 13, 2015
• ISBN: 9781490865751

Stanley J. O’Briant

Stanley J. O’Briant after graduating from South Oak Cliff High School in Dallas, Texas, joined the Dallas Fire Department and spent 27 years of service attaining the rank of Deputy Chief and later 7 years as the Director of Public Safety for the City of Desoto, Texas. Mr. O’Briant surrendered for the ministry in 1964, and received a B. A. degree from The University of Texas at Arlington. He attended Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Ft. Worth, Texas from 1969 until 1971. Stanley served as a bi-vocational pastor in small churches and he and his wife Gayla served in the Youth and Young Married Departments of First Baptist Church of Duncanville, Texas, and the First Baptist Church of Oak Cliff, Dallas, Texas, when not serving as a pastor elsewhere. Mr. O’Briant also was a substitute teacher at Duncanville High School after retiring from the Public Service in 1991. After many years of service in Youth programs Mr. O’Briant realized that the educational systems had become the focal point for teaching evolution and the philosophy of naturalism and openly critical of Christianity, especially in the colleges where some professors were adamant in spreading the Darwinian gospel. This book is a response to that teaching of a failed theory and the serious consequence of its doctrine.

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A CHRISTIAN STUDENT’S GUIDE TO TRUTH IN SCIENCE

Stanley J. O’Briant

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Copyright © 2015 Stanley J. O’Briant.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

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ISBN: 978-1-4908-6576-8 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-4908-6577-5 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-4908-6575-1 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015900456

WestBow Press rev. date: 03/09/2015

Contents

Dedication

Preface

1. Age of the Patriarch

2. Anthropic Principle, The

3. Archaeopteryx: A Dead Bird

4. Are Birds Descended from Dinosaurs?

5. Are We Alone?

6. Beauty and Symmetry in the Universe

7. Big Bang Theory

8. Cambrian Explosion: Natures Big Bang

9. Chemical Life: Is It Possible?

10. Coal, Gas, and Oil Formations

11. Coelacanth: A Fish for All Times

12. Complexity in the DNA Molecule that Disproves Evolution

13. Dark Matter and Dark Energy

14. Darwin’s Finches

15. Darwin’s Tree of Life

16. Diamonds: Are They Proof of An Old Age Earth?

17. Does Microevolution Lead to Macroevolution?

18. Entropy’s Effect on the Body

19. Evolution: Real Science or a Product of Imagination

20. F.A.R.M.

21. Fossils: The Evidence of Noah’s Flood

22. Four Winged Fruit Fly (drosophila melanogaster)

23. From Ape to Human

24. Geologic Column, The

25. God’s Just Provision for the Lost

26. Helium: A Gas that Defies Radiometric Dating

27. Homology or Hominy?

28. How Big is the Universe?

29. How did Life Start on Earth? (The Miller-Urey Experiment)

30. How did Proteins Develop into Catalysts?

31. Information and DNA: The Genome Computer

32. Intellegent Design

33. Irreducible Complexity

34. Macrophage Cell: The Bodies Vacuum Cleaner

35. Mutation: A Way Up or A Way Down?

36. Natural Selection

37. Nebular Hypothesis

38. Noah’s Flood and the Ice Age

39. Noah’s Flood: Animal Repopulation

40. Noah’s Flood: Human Repopulation

41. Noah’s Flood: Legends

42. Noah’s Flood: Proof

43. Noah’s Flood: The Ark

44. Noah’s Flood: Where did All the Water Come From?

45. Oldest Things on Earth

46. Our Young Sun

47. Out of Place Objects

48. Peppered Moth

49. Polystrate Trees

50. Probability: Is Evolution True?

51. Proof of a Biblical Creation

52. Proof that Jesus was The Christ

53. Radiometric Isotope Dating

54. What is Red Shift in Cosmology?

55. Rings of Saturn: Proof that the Solar System is not Old

56. Starlight Travel Time and the Universe

57. Super Novas

58. The Amazing Giraffe

59. The Authenticity of the Bible

60. The Biogenetic Law

61. The Body: A Tapestry by God

62. The Cell: A Factory of Life

63. The Complex Beautiful Eye

64. The Laws of Nature and the Big Bang

65. The Only Way to Heaven

66. Uniformitarianism

67. Unique Biblical Revelations

68. Vestigial Organs

69. What is the Source of Information in the DNA Molecule?

70. When Did Diosaurs Live?

71. When Does Life Begin?

72. Where Are All of the New Species?

73. Who Created God?

74. World Views

RESOURCES

Christian Based Organizations

Christian Authors and Scientists

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

DVD’s

DVD (Seen on The NRB Network)

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

DEDICATION

To Gayla, my beautiful and trusted companion for over fifty five years that has brought encouragement and joy to my life for these many years. Thank goodness for new technology that allowed me to dictate this book so that you did not have to spend many sleepless hours typing on that old manual Olivetti typewriter on which you typed all 30 term papers of mine in earnings our degree in college. Thanks for providing a wonderful home for our children when I was gone so much in working and serving God.

And to Scott Snipes fellow Wednesday Morning Prayer Breakfast friend who was my technical advisor in preparation of the manuscript for this book. Scott you were a God send in my time of need, thank you.

PREFACE

As a student in a private or public school you very possibly will find your faith in God being tested and ridiculed by a confederation of the academic world. Teachers, professors, textbooks, reference books, and organizations backing the atheistic evolution position are dedicated to the goal of eliminating religion from our society and also in our classrooms. Organizations such as The National Center for Science and Education control the grant money that the academic community relies upon for funding of many science and research projects. This organization will not support any project that even remotely speaks on any religious or faith based issue from creation to Intelligent Design. Most scientific publications such as NOVA, The New Scientist, Science, and other periodicals and journals will not publish or support any faith based initiative on research projects. These organizations and publications are dedicated to the specific and explicit belief in a materialistic and a naturalistic view of the world. We must remember that in Ephesians 6:12 we are told that the battle that Christians fight in this world is a battle with Powers and Principalities. Many of these organizations, publications and the academic world are hostile to a Christian position. These organizations are well-funded and promote atheism and evolution.

This reference book has been produced because there are many scientists, academicians, and organizations that keep a deep and abiding faith in God and the Christian way of life. There are many Christian scientists and organizations producing good objective and fair research in the form of books, DVDs, periodicals, magazines, and journals that are valuable to the Christian student, with material on every aspect of scientific subjects. This book is intended to provide you with support for your faith while you study any science course in the private or public school arena. You will not however, find any of these materials as reference sources in your classrooms or recommended by your teacher.

The bibliography at the end of this book will be a good resource for you to have available while you are in school. You will find that the science produced in these resources is very thorough and dependable providing you with an alternative to the evolutionary teaching that is prevalent in today’s classrooms. You will also find that any subject supported by the Confederation of anti-God teachers and organizations raised in opposition to a Christian position will however, have a logical and scientific rebuttal by competent Christian scientist or a faith based Christian organization that has spent years in science research validating a faith based alternative. These resources are based on competent research by scientists and their work is well respected in their fields. Many of the scientists have pioneered much of the new scientific information in recent years while in opposition to the old line science of atheism. I don’t want to misquote the Bible but the progress of good, reliable, truthful science that these Christian scientists are providing is like ‘attacking the gates of hell,’ and evolution is a theory from hell. The walls are coming down one brick at a time.

A word of warning however, be sure your opinion is allowed so that you will be protected from any hostile response from a teacher or professor when offering an alternative to any evolutionary subject or philosophy that is contrary to the teacher’s opinion. Many students have found themselves at odds with their teacher when their faith is made public in the classroom and when they are perceived to have an antagonistic attitude toward evolution or an atheistic approach to science. Some students have been chastised, ridiculed, and even expelled from classes for offering a Christian response in opposition to the atheistic line, especially any response challenging evolution or its philosophy. Even some professors have been refused tenure and some have even been fired for allowing the subject of a religious nature or Intelligent Design to be discussed in their classes. A student should remember that each subject that is being taken has a preferred or accepted approach to that science subject and in general it is not a Christian slant. In order to receive a passing grade in one of the science class’s one should not confuse his or her faith with the object of passing the class. It is only important for the Christian student to remember what his or her belief is about the Bible and the Christian approach to this subject and remain faithful to those ideals. One’s faith is not compromised when providing the teacher with the required material, even though the student may believe differently. Not everyone is meant to be a challenger as in the movie, ‘God’s Not Dead,’ but get good advice before undertaking such a task. Remember let your testimony be known if challenged, God expects us to give an account of our faith.

There are many faith-based organizations such as Answers in Genesis, Ken Ham founder, Creation Ministries International, Dr. Carl Wieland founder, The Institute for Creation Research (ICR), Henry Morris, PhD founder, author The Genesis Flood, Koinonia House, Chuck Missler PhD, founder, Creation Series, Kent Hovind PhD founder, Cross Examine.org., Frank Turek PhD., Founder, Center For Creation, Walter T. Brown PhD Founder, Fixed Point Foundation, Larry Taunton PhD, Founder, Reasonable Faith, William Lane Craig PhD, Founder, Reason To Believe, Hugh Ross PhD, Founder, The Discovery Institute in Seattle, and many individuals such as Michael Behe PhD., author of Darwin’s Black Box, Michael Denton PhD, author of Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, Lee Spetner PhD, author of Not By Chance, Stephen C. Meyers PhD, author of Signature In The Cell, Jonathan Sarfati PhD, author of Refuting Evolution volumes l and ll, Jonathan Wells PhD, author of Icons of Evolution, David Berlinski PhD, author of The Devils Delusion, Robert Jastrow PhD, author of God And The Astronomers, Walt Brown PhD, author of In The Beginning, and professor of Geology at the Air Force Academy, Philip E. Johnson LLt., PhD, and many other scientists who have exposed evolution and the bad science that it represents. The academic world, the public media, and the atheistic supporters are in ‘lock step,’ against any religious organization or individual when it comes to any scientific viewpoint. So get your education and go do great things for the Lord. As ll Peter 3:1-9 reminds us to be faithful and to remember it is God who is in charge of this world, He made it, and it is He who will judge all things in the end.

You will find that some of the information in one article may be repeated in other articles. That was done so that you would not have to stop in the middle of an article and look up something else that has been used in other articles. While this may seem repetitive it should be easier for you to get the information that you want from each article without having to search through many other articles that might afford you the information used elsewhere. This should help in speeding up your accessing information. God Bless you in obtaining an education, and remember that Proverbs 1:5 tells us that A wise man will hear and increase learning…, and that is my wish for you.

AGE OF THE PATRIARCH

Did the patriarch listed in Genesis of the Bible really live to be over 800 or 900 years old? The Bible is a history book in that it contains the record of God’s redemptive action dating back to Adam and Eve. It is well known that the tribal people throughout the world are well known for passing down the history of their people by the Chiefs, Shaman, elders and in this case the patriarchs who are listed in the book of Genesis. No doubt, when Moses set out to write the Pentateuch which is the first five books of the Bible, that he, his brother Aaron and the elders of the tribe knew these chronologies in very precise detail. There is ample evidence that writing and recordkeeping especially any financial or legal agreements were written dating back to the Mesopotamian civilizations. Abraham was from Ur which was in Mesopotamia.

The exceptionally old ages recorded in Genesis of the early patriarchs has been questioned as to their accuracy and validity especially by secular scientists that do not believe in the Bible. There are skeptics among those who accept a general interpretation of the Bible also. The issue of the age of the patriarchs became a serious issue when Christians used the Bible and the chronologies in Genesis as a reference point to the age of the earth and in opposition to evolutionary beliefs that the age of the earth was around 4.6 billion years old. There is however, very dependable scientific information that supports the belief in a young earth of about 6000 to 7000 years old, and also the ages of the Patriarchs.

Since the normal lifespan of people today is between 70 and 80 years of age, many people find it difficult to believe that a person could live to be 800 to over 900 years of age. But again there is good science which can justify the belief that these are valid ages and therefore, validates the chronology of Genesis. If one accepts the creation story of the Bible which tells how God created the heavens and the earth from nothing simply by speaking them into existence and that at the end of each day of creation God pronounced His work good and very good. It is very surprising that the theoretical physicist today are describing the Big Bang in terms of being created from nothing which is how Genesis has always described God’s act of creation, and that space-time and matter did not exist prior to the event which is also how Genesis has always described the method that God used in the creation event which was all things from nothing.

We are told that Adam and Eve were placed in a garden that produced all that they needed with no effort on their part except to eat what was readily available. There even was a mist that rose from the ground to water the garden and so it must have been a lush tropical paradise.

As the first people on this planet it is very reasonable to believe that they possessed bodies that had no sickness, illness or disease as a result of negative mutations. That made it very possible that for the first generations of mankind there were little or no mutations which are the source of disease and deformity. After each day of creation the record in Genesis records that God pronounced everything that was created as good or even very good. Geneticists are agreed that the normal deterioration of the genetic code passed on from generation to generation is about one hundred mutations. There are about 3 billion pairs of codes which are made up of the four letters in the genetic alphabet, so one hundred mutations is generally not very destructive. These pairs of codes residing on the DNA strands are the repository of all the genetic information that the cells use to make every part of our bodies. When the cells duplicate themselves or are producing a part needed to fight an intruder the information residing on the DNA strands are read and a copy is made and shipped to the needed area. There are copying errors that occur from time to time and these are the type mutations that get passed on to the next generation. Most types of mutations are negative and do not lead to an evolutionary improvement that is passed along to the next generation as Charles Darwin believed. These are considered to be harmful since no mutations are known to be positive, and are not products of upward evolution. Each trait has a beginning sequence which gives the location of that trait or gene on the strands of the DNA molecule, and the trait is normally from 100 to 1000 letters of code.¹ Therefore, it is very reasonable to believe for about the first 1500 to 2000 years any mutations would not have been significant enough to cause widespread diseases and illnesses that would affect the longevity of many of the people living in that day. With the earth providing a perfect climate and abundant almost perfect foods and the near-perfect health of people it is very reasonable that people lived to long ages.

With the flood of Noah the Earth was transformed from a lush paradise to a place of vast deserts, waste lands, frozen polar cap regions, mountain ranges and vast oceans. The flood transformed what had been a more hospitable place worldwide into a harsher environment with the land mass decreasing from about 80 to 90% habitable land to around 3 to 5% habitable today.² It is also very possible that the seasons changed with a shift in the poles that the seasons became more dramatic, hotter in the summer and colder in the winter in many places. Much of the topsoil was washed away into the oceans and therefore could not produce crops in the abundance that it previously could have produced. Genesis 3:17 tells us that God cursed the ground not as spite but for Adams sake. Work would be necessary to eat and to survive. Work is good and is productive, even healthy. So the curse, while it involved penalties for Adam and Eve it established how mankind would now exist and even flourish. This no doubt led to a weaker diet which had been totally vegetarian until the flood, and after the flood Noah was given permission to institute the eating of meat to supplement the diet which had previously been a totally vegetarian diet and food was plentiful and healthy.

With accumulating mutations creating diseases along with weaker diets and a more difficult and labor intensive life, the lifespan was reduced from 800 or 900 years to 400 years, then 200 years and then 100 and falling to even as low as 40 years during the Middle Ages. The average age today is between 70 and 80 years which is what the Bible Prophesied in Genesis. When good scientific data is produced then the Bible and its history of mankind is corroborated. One does not have to fear good science for as Frank Turek PhD, and co-author of the book, ‘I Don’t Have Enough Faith To Be An Atheist,’ says science doesn’t say anything, scientist do.³ When one has the right World View then the Bible makes sense and provides real information about the world and mankind.

ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE, THE

The overwhelming evidence is that the earth and its place in the solar system and the Milky Way galaxy are ideally suited to support human life on earth. No other place has been found with such ideal conditions that meet even the minimum criteria for life support, in our solar system or anywhere else that planets have been found. For several years now efforts have been made to locate other planets circling suns in our galaxy, and to ascertain the feasibility of any of these planets that could possibly support life. These planets are called Exo-planets, and the number of these planets that have been discovered is growing so that now there are over 1800 that have been discovered. These planets are discovered by focusing on the star and watching for any sign of a wobble of that sun which would indicate a planet or planets exerting a gravitational pull on that sun. Another indication of planets circling another sun would be a temporary dimming of the light from that sun which would indicate that a planet had passed between its sun and the observer.⁴

Our solar system is unique in that the inner planets are made of heavy materials such as dirt, rock and metal elements and are smaller in size than the outer planets. The outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are considered to be gas giants and are much larger than the inner planets. This is not the case with the majority of Exo- planets that have been discovered so far, since they are arranged with the larger planets nearest their sun. This of course is what one would expect since the force of angular momentum would logically have the larger planets made up mostly the more abundant gases nearer the sun and more able to attract the gases and ejected debris left over from the new sun. the smaller planets made of heavier material but too far for gravity to pull these materials that make up these smaller planets smaller in mass that make up the larger gas giants in the outer regions which would not have as much gravitational influence exerted on them by their sun.

Think of a figure skater about to do a spin and would start with arms outstretched and as he attempts to gain speed he will draw his arms closer to his body which serves to concentrate the weight toward the center and the angular momentum allows for a faster spin. This is what one would expect any solar system to be like, with the weight concentrated at the center, and most other solar system are like that. This is opposite of our solar system but that is what makes our solar system ideal for the earth’s being located in what is called the Goldilocks zone. This allows the earth to be in an ideal position in relation to the sun and the other planets so that the earth enjoys the best distance from the sun while being protected by the larger planets in the outer areas of the solar system, by serving to attract comets and asteroids that otherwise might endanger the earth.⁵ While this might seem strange to those who study the stars without the knowledge of God, to a Christian, the earth is the centerpiece of God’s creation and has all the benefits provided to it at the time of creation.

There are122 anthropic principles that have been identified according to Hugh Ross, PhD, a Christian Astrophysicist, that provides the earth with the ideal conditions for sustaining and promoting life.⁶ No other place within our solar system or in any of the Exo-planets has more than just a few of the conditions that earth enjoys. Some of these are:

1. The earth’s orbit around the sun produces an ideal year of 365.25 days.

2. The earth’s spin provides a 24-hour day, and is not too fast or too slow so it is ideal for life.

3. The earth’s distance to the sun which is 94 million miles provides the optimum benefits and protections.

4. The earth’s tilt of 23.5° allows for four seasons, which provides that no part of the earth will be over or underexposed to the sun, which is ideal for growing seasons.

5. The sun is a class M star which provides the most consistent temperature year-round.

6. The size of the earth provides an ideal gravity for the conditions of life.

7. The earth’s metal core provides for a magnetic field which protects the earth from harmful amounts of UV light

8. An atmosphere consisting of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, with the amount of nitrogen providing an inert atmosphere that protects from the atmosphere burning up and the right amount of oxygen for life.

9. A Water world consisting of 70% water surface enhances climate control and environmental conditions which is ideal for sustaining life. The earth’s crust is ideal for maintaining the atmospheric content of oxygen and nitrogen.

10. The reflectivity of the earth (albedo) which allows for the right amount of absorption of heat and reflection of heat and light that the earth needs to promote life.

11. The position of the giant planets Jupiter and Saturn act as a vacuum.

12. The Ozone layer provides protection from UV light.

13. The solar systems location in the Milky Way galaxy provides the best location for life to flourish, since if we were closer to the center of the galaxy the gravitational influence of the center of the galaxy would be harmful yet if we were further away from the center the solar system would be too far from the control of gravity in the center of the galaxy and could spin off.⁷

These are but a few of the benefits that earth provides in sustaining life, but of course this is not by accident but is by design. The parameters needed for sustaining life is very narrow yet we have an ideal circumstance on earth that furnishes all we need to enjoy life to the fullest. As scientists search the universe for other places that might exhibit a similar condition for life, we are assured by God’s word that we are unique. It was Carl Sagan who said that we did not occupy any special place in the universe, speaking of earth, but the facts speak otherwise. The earth is the crowning achievement of creation in the universe and life on earth is a gift from God. God provided a perfect world for mankind to live in but sin brought about a change to the earth which culminated in a flood which changed the earth and destroying the garden like conditions that once existed on earth. But God has promised that one day he will provide a new earth and that it will be perfect in that we will enjoy the presence of God for eternity. You can’t do better than that, so I would hope that you have made your reservations for the new earth otherwise, the promise is, those who do not will be separated forever from that glory. For other resources on the ‘Anthropic Principles’ see the ‘Bibliography, Books’ for a more thorough list on this subject.

ARCHAEOPTERYX: A DEAD BIRD

The fossil remains of a reptile like creature with feathers was discovered in a limestone quarry near Solnhofen, Germany in 1861. A total of six altogether have been discovered and one is in the British Museum of Natural History and another in Berlin at the Humbolt Museum of Natural History. These discoveries occurred shortly after Charles Darwin had written his now famous book ‘On the Origin of Species: By Means Of Natural Selection’ and these fossils were instantly received as proof of Darwin’s theory of evolution. The fossils, which were believed to be of dinosaur origin much like a tetrapod but with wings, gave rise to the theory that birds descended from dinosaurs. These fossils instantly became known among evolutionists as the’ Missing Link’.⁸

The fossil was given the name of Archaeopteryx which means ‘ancient wing.’ Archaeopteryx had fully-formed flying feathers and were symmetrical which is necessary for flight. The feathers were constructed as modern feathers with banes and ventral’s which were also symmetrical in design. Archaeopteryx had a clavicle like a modern bird’s wishbone type design providing the strength needed to support the breast muscles used in flight.⁹

The presence of teeth in the upper and lower jaw and claws attached to the front edge of the wing gave the impression that this creature could have been a reptile that developed wings. Archaeopteryx had hollow bones, vertebrae and pelvis (which)… Indicates both a cervical and abdominal air sac… (And) at least 2/5 is found in modern birds. An avian bone design (only found in birds), none of which had been found in anything before Archaeopteryx, which led paleontologist to identify Archaeopteryx as the first bird.¹⁰

Archaeopteryx became the ‘Poster Bird’ for evolution. It was called by Museum curator Lowell Dingers and Timothy Rowe Archaeopteryx rings like that of Rembrandt, Stradivarius, or Michelangelo. It was tabbed, unimpeachable evidence for evolution, the gap between reptiles and birds breeds by a reptile - like bird. Pat Shipman said, More than the world’s most beautiful fossil… [It is] an ICON-a holy relic of the past that has become a powerful symbol of the evolutionary process itself.¹¹ Neo Darwinist Ernst Mayr called Archaeopteryx The most perfectly (developed specimen) between reptiles and birds. Larry Martin paleontologist and Prof. at the University of Kansas wrote, Archaeopteryx is not ancestral obviating group of modern birds, Instead it is, the earliest known member of a totally extinct group of birds. ¹²

But not all paleontologist have agreed with this assessment, and in 1996 Mark Norrell paleontologist of the American Museum of Natural History in New York called Archaeopteryx a very important fossil, but added most paleontologist now believe it is not a direct ancestor of modern birds. ¹³ The question is, was Archaeopteryx a bird or a dinosaur? Having teeth is not proof of being a dinosaur, some birds today have teeth Probably a more important issue is the fact that Archaeopteryx had not only a lower jaw that was hinged but also had an upper jaw that was also hinged, which only birds have.¹⁴ The forelimbs of the wings had claws protruding from the front edge of the wing similar to the fingers of the hand. The forelimb of Archaeopteryx was as long as the back legs which are different from tetrapod dinosaur such as T Rex which have short little-bitty forelimbs. Most birds today do not have claws but some do. The fact that Archaeopteryx had both jaws hinged like bird and long fore limbs similar to all birds, a large clavicle to support the stress created in flight on the breast muscles, and hollow bones to accommodate the storage of air would indicate that Archaeopteryx was a bird with no ties to reptiles.

Alan Feduccia PhD in anthropology, author and professor of anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, states, Paleontologists have tried to turn Archaeopteryx into an earth - bound feathered dinosaur. But it’s not. It is a bird, a perching bird. And no amount of paeleobabble is going to change that.¹⁵

The Bible tells us that birds were created on day 5 and all land creatures were created on day 6. The fossil record which is the record of Noah’s flood clearly shows that all creatures never evolved from one species to another. No evidence has ever stood up to that fact. If they survived the flood which Archaeopteryx and most dinosaurs did not, they are found as they were created and preserved in the fossil record. Extinction of many species has occurred over time and especially due to the flood of Noah, so that only about 5% of all species that have ever live survive today.¹⁶ The fact is no creature has changed or evolved into other species as Charles Darwin theorized in his book. The information to do that is not present in the DNA of any species. Changes in the genome are always losses and not gains as Kimura Motoo, PhD in genetics, demonstrated In Kimura’s Distribution that no mutations ever resulted in positive gains but rather were found to be from mildly harmful to fatal.¹⁷ No matter how much secular scientist try to sell evolution, when any evidence is studied under the light of truth and is not interpreted based on only one worldview, such as evolution, then the real truth will be revealed.

ARE BIRDS DESCENDED FROM DINOSAURS?

In the movie sequel Jurassic Park, the underlying message was that dinosaurs evolved into birds. Is this true? No.

There are many differences between the anatomy of dinosaur and birds. In 1861 in a rock quarry in Solnhofen, Germany, a fossil of what appeared to be a