Genealogy of Water

By Johari Sinal

This book is delivering the information that is useful for those people who have the expectation to know or learn about how water is available to them and what processes are involved in making the water ready for consumption. This book is presented with the intention to give the readers a know-how. It is easy to understand, with simple guidance that will open ways to the door of knowledge and ideas, with the best input that gives the most precious information and directions.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Partridge Publishing Singapore
• Release date: Aug 18, 2017
• ISBN: 9781482883060

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Copyright © 2017 Johari Sinal. All rights reserved.

ISBN

978-1-4828-8305-3 (sc)

978-1-4828-8306-0 (e)

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

www.partridgepublishing.com/singapore

08/14/2017

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1)   PREFACE

2)   INTRODUCTION

3)   ALL ABOUT WATER

4)   TYPE OF WATER

1.0 Surface Water

2.0 Groundwater

5)   THE ESSENSE OF RAW WATER TREATMENT

6)   CONVENTIONAL RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT

7)   CONVENTIONAL RAW WATER TREATMENT PROCESS SUMMARY

8)   CONVENTIONAL RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT PROCESS

1.0 Raw Water

2.0 Raw Water Storage

3.0 Intake (Influent)

4.0 Screening

5.0 Chemical Mixing

6.0 Pre-Treatment

7.0 Aeration

Methods of Aeration

Types of Aerators

i. Cascade Aerators

ii. Cone Tray Aerators

iii. Coke Aerators

iv. Force Draft Aerators

v. Spray Nozzle Aerators

vi. Air Diffusion Aerators

vii. Air Stripping

8.0 Flash Mixing

9.0 Pre-Sedimentation

10.0 Coagulation / Flocculation

i. Coagulation

ii. Flocculation

Types of Flocculator

a) Baffled Channel Flocculator

b) Mechanical Flocculator

c) Tube Flocculator/Plug Flow Reactor Type

11.0 Sedimentation

Types of Sedimentation

i. Plain Sedimentation

ii. Chemically Assisted Sedimentation or Clarification

a) LOVO Clarifier

b) Lamella Settler Clarifier (Inclined Plate/Tube Settlers)

iii. Solid Contact Clarifier (SCC)

iv. Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF)

v. Sand Ballasted Clarifier (SBC)

12.0 Clarification

Conventional Clarification Equipment

i. Horizontal Flow Clarifiers

ii. Up flow Clarifiers

iii. Sludge Blanket and Solids-Contact Clarification

iv. In-Line Clarification

13.0 Filtration

Types of Media

Types of Filters

i. Gravity Filters

ii. Automatic Gravity Filters

iii. Pressure Filters

iv. Up flow Filters

v. Continuous Cleaning Filters

vi. In-Line Clarification

vii. Precoat Filtration

viii. Rapid Sand Filter

ix. Slow Sand Filtration

x. Mixed Media Filter Beds

14.0 Disinfection

15.0 Storage and Distribution

16.0 Sludge Management

Raw Water Treatment Plant Wastes

Treated Water Sludge Management

9) WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

10) CHEMICALS USAGE IN RAW WATER TREATMENT PLANT

11) HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN THE WATER

i. Ammonia

Removing Ammonia from Raw Water

ii. Aluminium

Health Effects of Aluminium

Removal of Aluminium

12) RECOGNITION AND APPRECIATION

13) REFERENCES

PREFACE

Let me begin to express my gratitude to the owner of knowledge i.e. GOD and the messenger of knowledge, for giving me the guidance in materializing this book. Not to forget, to all writers and authors in this world, for their valuable ideas and thoughts created by them for the benefits of all. The knowledge and ideas gained are the most precious information and directions, especially to the peoples who are going to read this book, for the reason to search for knowledge in the process to becoming a better person.

I am most grateful, for the reason of your kindness, by selecting this book as part of your preference to look for additional knowledge even I know, there are more than what you could get. I strongly believe that, we share common responsibility, intention and desire to achieve knowledge excellence. I want to thank all of you and acknowledge everybody, for their incredible efforts and willingness, in the process of making everybody knowledgeable for the benefits of our future generations.

As we know, water sources has been declining from year to year while the awareness about keeping the most precious assets of this world becoming lesser, due to several factors such as lack of knowledge about the importance of water itself, the decrease of feeling to value water as part of life necessity, taking for granted attitude on preserving the water sources etc.

Some people are having the perception that, water is everywhere, readily available and is easy to be obtained, as a process of acquiring the water looks so simple to them. Those perspectives is typical to those who don’t realize the difficulties of producing water from untreated source until it is treated, clean and acceptable for drinking purposes.

Nowadays, water sources quality is deteriorating and polluted by any means, starts from human activities such as logging, agriculture, factory activities and even hospital discharges. Water catchment area has been trespassed, disturbed, and damaged by uncontrolled human activities. It is major concern on preserving the capabilities to stabilize the water hydrology ecosystem and it is detrimental to the natural water sources that generate most of the raw water for the treated water supply purpose. It is important for the world leaders, to initiate the campaign to preserve the environment, especially water catchment area, to save the water for our future generations.

In general, water is available and spread all over the world, through complex hydrology cycle. The amount of water available shall be sufficient until certain period of time, if we manage the water efficiently, we know how to integrate the resources, we know how to engineer the water supply system accordingly, with great innovation and creativity, to adopt with any scenario in the case of any water supply difficulties.

We have lived in this world for many centuries. We should now focus seriously our efforts, in making sure the water sources are managed appropriately, and shared among the world with better perspective, and combined our expertise with collaborative efforts, to develop a super integrated water sources system, complete with an excellent distribution system, that preserving and conserving the nature on which the source of the water itself.

It is highly recommended that world leaders to encourage and give maximum support with the highest priority to whatever water resources development efforts starts from the raw water management, development of raw water treatment and any associated

Reviews for Genealogy of Water

[Maxime · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

Good foundational work to understand Waste water treatment. I recommend it.