World War 2 In Review No. 10: French Fighting Vehicles

By Merriam Press

Merriam Press World War 2 In Review Series

eBook Edition 2022

This issue contains articles on these French military vehicles of World War II:

(1) AMC 34 Light Tank

(2) AMC 35 Medium Cavalry Tank

(3) Panhard 178 Armored Car

(4) AMC Schneider P 16 Half-track

(5) AMR Citroën P 28 Half-track

(6) AMR 33 Light Tank

(7) AMR 35 Light Tank

(8) AMR P103 Light Tank

(9) ARL V 39 Self-Propelled Assault Gun

(10) Canon de 194 mle GPF Self-Propelled Gun

(11) P107 Half-track

(12) SOMUA MCG Half-track

696 B&W and color photos and illustrations

• Language: English
• Publisher: Lulu.com
• Release date: Aug 1, 2017
• ISBN: 9781387138401

Book preview

World War 2 In Review No. 10: French Fighting Vehicles

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Hoosick Falls, New York

2022

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eBook Edition 2022

ISBN 9781387138401

Copyright © 2022 by Merriam Press

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Additional material copyright of named contributors.

The views expressed are solely those of the author(s).

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Merriam Press, 489 South Street, Hoosick Falls NY 12090

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On the Cover

AMC 34 Light Tank

The AMC 34 was a French tank built originally for the French Army cavalry units. Its production was cut short, and the few vehicles produced were out of service by the time of the Battle of France in the Second World War.

Alarmed by the rapid build-up of the Red Army the French Army on 24 December 1931 conceived a preliminary plan for the mechanization of the Cavalry. This foresaw the development of several types of automitrailleuses — the official term for cavalry tanks because chars (tanks) were by law part of the infantry arm — among which an Automitrailleuse de Combat or AMC, a lightly armored (weighing no more than nine tons) but swift (30 km/h cruise speed) and strongly armed (47 mm gun) combat tank, capable of fighting enemy armor. The plan was affirmed by the French Supreme Command on 23 January 1932 and approved by the ministry of defense on 9 December.

Even before Plan 1931 was put on paper Louis Renault was informed of its probable contents and in the autumn of 1931 he ordered his design team to build an AMC. The team proposed to use welded steel plates, but Renault refused as this entailed hiring expensive professional welders. The team nevertheless took the initiative to build the Renault VO, a fully welded prototype of a Char Rapide, that could also serve as an alternative for the AMR 33 developed at the same time. When the vehicle was finished in 1932 Renault was charmed by the proposal but after long consideration decided against it and ordered a riveted version to be built. This quickly proved to be much too heavy and this caused a complete redesign of the project into a much smaller vehicle, the Renault YR, only to be presented to the French materiel commission, the Commission de Vincennes, on 12 October 1933, still fitted with the welded turret of the Renault VO. After testing by the Section Technique de la Cavalerie the prototype was improved by installing larger fuel tanks and a stronger clutch and gearbox. On 9 March 1934 an order was made for a pre-series of twelve hulls of the AMC 34; later a choice would be made from the range of standard turrets. The first was delivered on 17 October 1935.

The AMC 34 is a small vehicle with a length of 3.98 m and a width of 2.07 m. The suspension of the prototype is identical to that of the AMR 33; the production vehicles use a type that was originally envisaged for the AMR 35: a central bogie with a vertical spring; two other wheels in front and behind with an oil-dampened horizontal spring. The engine, a 7.125 liter V-8 120 hp with a fuel tank of 220 liters rendering a top speed of 40 km/h and a range of 200 kilometers, is located on the right; the driver on the left with a hatch in front of him and an escape door behind him. The armor is 20 mm on the vertical plates; the weight — of the hull only — 9.7 metric tons.

Before the first vehicle was even delivered, it was decided on 26 June 1934, as part of the Plan 1934 to improve both quantity and quality of French tank production, to change the specifications for an AMC: its armor had to be immune to anti-tank guns. As the AMC 34 was not strong enough to carry the extra weight it was redesigned into the AMC 35. No more orders of the original type were made.

France, however, had such a dearth of modern tanks that it could not afford to forget the twelve pre-series vehicles. In January 1936 they were taken into use with the 4th Cuirasssiers, at first fitted with gun turrets removed from Renault FTs and then with the APX1 turret also used for the Char D2s, armed with an SA34 47 mm gun. By 1937 the growing production of more modern tanks allowed the AMC 34 hulls to be shipped from France to Morocco to be used by the 1e Régiment Chasseurs d'Afrique, which received them on 15 December 1937. They were at the time the most modern armored vehicles in the colonies, but were refitted with the two-man APX2 turret. It took many months before 25 mm guns could be fitted as well; until that time the tanks drove around with just the 7.5 mm machine guns. The tanks used the ER 28 short wave radio (all AMCs were supposed to have radio sets); also a better protected fuel tank at the back was installed together with a safer horizontal ventilation grille on the back engine deck. In November 1939 the AMC 34 was replaced by the H 39; three vehicles were taken by 5 RCA and used for driver training. These and the other nine vehicles do not appear on the armistice control lists, so they were either already scrapped in the summer of 1940 or hidden.

In 1935 the Belgian cavalry started a mechanization program. It was planned to equip all six cavalry regiments with an organic squadron of twelve tanks: eight T-15s and four gun tanks. To fill the latter position on 13 September 1935, 25 AMC 34 hulls were ordered with Renault, at a unit price of 360,000 French francs, and 25 turrets with APX. The AMC 34 had been chosen over the competing Vickers Medium Tank Mark F after testing the prototype from 7 until 10 November 1934. It was stipulated that the production vehicles would be of an improved configuration and be delivered in a rate of three per month from October 1935 onwards. However, due to technical and financial problems, Renault was unable to deliver. Only after a delay of over three years the hulls were exported in the reduced number of ten; they were then almost identical to the AMC 35. The ordered APX2 turrets were refitted with Belgian 47 mm guns and 7.65 mm Hotchkiss machine guns; thirteen were used on coastal defense pillboxes. After the war many French armor historians assumed that the original order of 25, thought to be simply made of the AMC 35, was fully completed and adjusted the presumed production numbers of that tank accordingly, leading to an overestimate worsened by counting the Belgian vehicles twice.

Type: Light Tank

Place of origin: France

Weight (hull): 9.7 tons

Length: 3.98 m

Width: 2.07 m

Height: variable according to turret type; the hull had a height of 1.55 m

Crew: two with the APX1 turret; three with the APX2

Armor: 20 mm

Main armament: see text

Secondary armament: see text

Engine: 7.125 liter V-8, 120 hp

Suspension: vertically sprung bogie and two horizontally sprung road wheels per side

Operational range: 200 km

Speed: 40 km/h

Ý

Panhard 178 Armored Car

The Panhard 178 (officially designated as Automitrailleuse de Découverte Panhard modèle 1935, 178 being the internal project number at Panhard) or Pan-Pan was an advanced French reconnaissance 4x4