Deciphering nCoV19, Quest for Cure, Prophylaxis, and Vaccine

By John P. Neuman

This is a compendium of knowledge that can either be found in the web or in any medical reference books as to the basic knowledge of human anatomy, biochemistry and virology. But other than that, making pieces of current medical research merged into one piece is the work of the compiling author. This contains scientific biases, but nevertheless, compelling evidences that we have a bright future while waiting for the vaccine race winner. While for the non-medical reader(s), this can be hard to understand, the key of reading, first, is not to try to understand; second, just read; third, select that of which is relevant; fourth, go back to what is basic. For the medical community, this book could be a trash, which requires further more edits or revisions. But in any case, none is an expert...as of this writing.

• Language: English
• Publisher: John P. Neuman
• Release date: May 23, 2020
• ISBN: 9780463005194

John P. Neuman

A Physical Therapist by Profession, and on Clinical Research by responsibility. From time to time, do some own little record of research, notes, as a personal guide in addressing current medical issues or breakthroughs. Part of his online clinical research last January 2020 is currently used by a group of Pulmonologist (abroad) in their treatment regimen of nCoV19.

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Dedicated to Usha Blink, my daughter, may you will find your way in healing people by the aid of our Almighty Father.

To my nieces, Kirra Violet and Mary Pink, and my nephew, Liam Andre, may the Great Architect of the Universe will grant your wishes and guide you in your individual journeys.

PREFACE

This is a compendium of current medical research as of this writing, while there’s a question you will find it free already, still the work of compiling it in a single book is like putting a puzzle in a maze, the quest for Cure, Prophylaxis, and Vaccine. This book will aged in a matter of months. Perhaps in 100 years, this might serve as direct reference of the current undertakings made by countries and states to contain the novel coronavirus.

As with history, this book is devoid of any conspiracist inclination or the proposition of conspiracy, but contains certain scientific biases by the compiling author.

To my generation and future generations.

Table of Contents

I The Human Body (Basic Anatomy)

II Biochemistry

III Virus (Definition, History, Biochemistry,Pathophysiology)

IV Impact to Human Population through History

V The Bat (group of Viruses)

VI Novel Coronavirus 2019

VI Covid-19 Pandemic Summary

VII Current Medical Interventions

VIII Conclusion

The Human Body

Composition: The human body is composed of elements including hydrogen (9.5%), oxygen (65%), carbon (18.5%) , calcium (1.5%) and phosphorus (1.0%). Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium composed the less than 1% as with other trace elements (Zinc, Selenium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Chromium, Copper, etc.). The adult male body is about 60% water. The main electrolytes in body water outside cells are sodium and chloride whereas within cells it is potassium and other phosphates.

Cell

Basic Unit of Life. Composed of Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosome, Centrioles, Lysosomes, Nucleus (contains the DNA and RNA) where the virus replication/photocopying area, Mitchondria (powerhouse), Golgi Aparatus, and Centrioles.

Tissue

Human Body Four tissues: 1. Epithlia (lining) can be found in the intestines/gut, hair cilia in the Lungs, endothelial cells in the blood vessels. 2. Connective Tissue, the example is your skin. 3. Nerve Tissue 4. Muscle Tissue

Human Organs

Brain, Heart, Lungs, Digestive System (stomach/intestines), Liver, Kidney.

System

Circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries. The heart propels the circulation of the blood, which serves as a transportation system to transfer oxygen fuel, nutrients, waste products, immune cells and signalling molecules (i.e. hormones from one part of the body to another). Paths of blood circulation within the human body can be divided into two circuits: the pulmonary circuit which pumps blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and leave carbon dioxide and the systemic circuit, which carries blood from the heart off to the rest of the body. The blood consists of fluid that carries cells in the circulation, including some that move from tissue to blood vessels and back, as well as the spleen and bone marrow.

The digestive system consists of the mouth including the tongue and teeth esophagus, stomach (gastrointestinal tract small and large intestines and rectum), as well as the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and salivary glands. It converts food into small, nutritional, non-toxic molecules for distribution and absorption into the body. These molecules take the form of proteins (which are broken down into amino acids, fats, vitamins and minerals. After being swallowed food moves through the gastrointestinal tract by means of peristalsis the systematic expansion and contraction of muscles to push food from one area to the next. In the stomach, food is mixed with gastric acids to allow the extraction of nutrients, then, goes to the small intestines absorption of nutrients.

The endocrine system consists of the principal endocrine glands: the pituitary thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, parathyroids and gonads but nearly all organs and tissues produce specific endocrine hormones as well. The endocrine hormones serve as signals from one body system to another regarding an enormous array of conditions, and resulting in variety of changes of function.

The immune system consists of the white blood cells, the thymus, lymph nodes and lymph channels, which are also part of the lymphatic system. The immune system provides a mechanism for the body to distinguish its own cells and tissues from outside cells and substances and to neutralize or destroy the latter by using specialized proteins such as antibodies, cytokines and toll-like receptors.

The integumentary system consists of the covering of the body (the skin), including hair and nails as well as other functionally important structures such as the sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The skin provides containment, structure, and protection for other organs, and serves as a major sensory interface with the outside world.

The lymphatic system extracts, transports and metabolizes lymph, the fluid found in between cells. The lymphatic system is similar to the circulatory system in terms of both its structure and its most basic function, to carry a body fluid.

The musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton (which includes bones ligaments, tendons and cartilage and attached muscles). It gives the body basic structure and the ability for movement. In addition to their structural role, the larger bones in the body contain bone marrow, the site of production of blood cells. Also, all bones are major storage sites for calcium and phosphate. This system can be split up into the muscular system and the skeletal system.

The nervous system consists of the body's neurons which together form the nerves and ganglia which in turn form the brain and related structures. The brain is the organ of thought, emotion, memory and sensory processing; it serves many aspects of communication and controls various systems and functions. The special senses consist of vision, hearing taste and smell. The eyes, ears, tongue and nose gather information about the body's environment.

The reproductive system consists of the gonads and the internal and external sex organs. The reproductive system produces gametes in each sex, a mechanism for their combination, and in the female a nurturing environment for the first 9 months of development of the infant.

The respiratory system consists of the nose, nasopharynx trachea and lungs. It brings oxygen from the air and excretes carbon dioxide and water back into the air. First, air is pulled through the trachea into the lungs by the diaphragm pushing down, which creates a vacuum. Air is briefly stored inside small sacs known as alveoli(sing.: alveolus) before being expelled from the lungs when the diaphragm contracts again. Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries carrying deoxygenated blood, which absorbs oxygen out of the air and into the bloodstream. For the respiratory system to function properly, there need to be as few impediments as possible to the movement of air within the lungs. Inflammation of the lungs and excess mucus are common sources of breathing difficulties. In asthma the respiratory system is persistently inflamed, causing wheezing and/or shortness of breath. Pneumonia occurs through infection of the alveoli, and may be caused by tuberculosis, viral infections such as Flu or SARS-CoV2, or Emphysema, commonly a result of smoking, caused by damage to connections between the alveoli.

The urinary system consists of the kidneys ureters, bladder and urethra. It removes toxic materials from the blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body.

General Body Mechanism

The body's shape is determined by a strong skeleton made of bone and cartilage, surrounded by fat, muscle, connective tissue, organs, and other structures. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord which is a collection of nerve fibers connecting the brain to the rest of the body. Nerves connect the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body. All major bones, muscles, and nerves in the body are named, with the exception of anatomical variations such as sesamoid bones and accessory muscles.

Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body, which moves because of the beating of the heart. Venules and veins collect blood low in oxygen from tissues throughout the body. These collect in progressively larger veins until they reach the body's two largest veins, the superior and inferior vena cava which drain blood into the right side of the heart. From here, the blood is pumped into the lungs where it receives oxygen and drains back into the left side of the heart. From here, it is pumped into the body's largest artery the aorta and then progressively smaller arteries and arterioles until it reaches tissue. Here blood passes from small arteries into capillaries then small veins and the process begins again. Blood carries oxygen waste products, and hormones from one place in the body to another. Blood is filtered at the kidneys and liver.

The body consists of a number of body cavities separated areas which house different organ systems. The brain and central nervous system reside in an area protected from the rest of the body by the blood brain barrier. The lungs sit in the pleural cavity. The intestines, liver, and spleen sit in the abdominal cavity.

Physiology

The human body consists of many interacting systems of organs. These interact to maintain homeostasis keeping the body in a stable state with safe levels of substances such as sugar and oxygen in the blood. Each system contributes to homeostasis, of itself, other systems, and the entire body. Some combined systems are referred to by joint names. For example, the nervous system and the