Fungal Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
()
About this ebook
This book describes Fungal Pneumonia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Pneumonia is the main infectious cause of death in developed countries.
Most pneumonia is produced by viruses or bacteria.
Fungal pneumonias on the other hand are rare
Pneumonia is a frequent infectious disease and the main cause of death from an infection in the developing world.
Among the great range of respiratory pathogens, fungi are responsible for only a small part of community-acquired and nosocomial (hospital) pneumonias.
The fungal respiratory infections induce worry in the expanding population of immunosuppressed patients.
Fungi may develop in body sites without producing disease or they may be a true pathogen, producing a broad variety of medical syndromes.
Fungal pneumonia is an infectious disorder in the lungs produced by one or more endemic or opportunistic fungi.
It is normally a disease affecting people with weakened immune systems (immune compromised).
When it involves a person with a normal functioning immune system (immune competent) it is normally self-limiting and may not even require to be treated in some instances.
There are many different species of fungi that can produce pneumonia.
Many are not often heard of since it is so infrequent in human diseases.
It happens mainly as opportunistic infections when the immune system is compromised.
Leukemia, diabetes and HIV are some of the disorders where the immune system may be weak to the position that fungi can invade the lung tissue.
Fungal pneumonia can go on to become disseminated disease where it involves other organs like the brain, liver, kidneys and heart and cause life threatening complications.
Causes
Fungi may produce lung disease through direct infection of pulmonary tissue, through infection of pulmonary air spaces/lung cavities, or via their capability to activate an immunological response when fungal material is inhaled.
The latter mechanism happens in cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergillus-induced asthma and external allergic alveolitis due to fungi (e.g., maltworker's lung, farmer's lung).
With the exception of aspergillosis, these infections are normally absent to a significant degree in immunocompetent persons.
They tend likely to involve:
1. Those who have traveled abroad to areas where they are endemic, or
2. Happen as opportunistic infections in patients who are immunocompromised as a result of:
a. Cancer treatment, due to
b. Immunomodulation after solid organ transplantation, or
c. HIV infection.
Most strains of this fungal mold are harmless, but a few can produce severe illnesses when people with weakened immune systems, underlying lung disease or asthma inhale their fungal spores.
In some people, the spores activate an allergic reaction.
Other people form mild to serious lung infections.
Pulmonary infection happens after inhalation of spores/conidia, or by the reactivation of latent infection.
Endemic fungal pneumonia pathogens
1. Histoplasma capsulatum causing histoplasmosis.
2. Coccidioides immitis causing coccidioidomycosis.
3. Blastomyces dermatitidis causing blastomycosis.
4. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causing paracoccidioidomycosis.
Opportunistic fungal pneumonia pathogens
1. Candida spp. causing candidiasis.
2. Aspergillus spp. causing aspergillosis.
3. Mucor spp. causing mucormycosis.
4. Cryptococcus neoformans causing cryptococcosis.
Outdoors, fungi can be found in decaying leaves and compost and on plants, trees and grain crops.
When mold spores are inhaled, immune system cells enclose and kill them.
The treatment for fungal pneumonias must involve antifungal agents.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Fungal Pneumonia
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapte
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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Fungal Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
Fungal Pneumonia,
A
Simple
Guide
To
The Condition,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2020 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes Fungal Pneumonia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What You Need to Treat Fungal Pneumonia)
This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Fungal Pneumonia
What is Fungal Pneumonia?
Fungal pneumonia is a lung infection produced by fungi.
Pneumonia is a frequent infectious disease and the main cause of death from an infection in the developing world.
Pneumonia is the main infectious cause of death in developed countries.
Most pneumonia is produced by viruses or bacteria.
Fungal pneumonias on the other hand are rare.
Among the great range of respiratory pathogens, fungi are responsible for only a small part of community-acquired and nosocomial (hospital) pneumonias.
The fungal respiratory infections induce worry in the expanding population of immunosuppressed patients.
Fungi may develop in body sites without producing disease or they may be a true pathogen, producing a broad variety of medical syndromes.
Fungal pneumonia is an infectious disorder in the lungs produced by one or more endemic or opportunistic fungi.
It is normally a disease affecting people with weakened immune systems (immune compromised).
When it involves a person with a normal functioning immune system (immune competent) it is normally self-limiting and may not even require to be treated in some instances.
There are many different species of fungi that can produce pneumonia.
Many are not often heard of since it is so infrequent in human diseases.
It happens mainly as opportunistic infections when the immune system is compromised.
Leukemia, diabetes and HIV are some of the disorders where the immune system may be weak to the position that fungi can invade the lung tissue.
Fungal pneumonia can go on to become disseminated disease where it involves other organs like the brain, liver, kidneys and heart and cause life threatening complications.
What are the causes of fungal pneumonia?
Causes
Fungi may produce lung disease through direct infection of pulmonary tissue, through infection of pulmonary air spaces/lung cavities, or via their capability to activate an immunological response when fungal material is inhaled.
The latter mechanism happens in cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergillus-induced asthma and external allergic alveolitis due to fungi (e.g., maltworker's lung, farmer's lung).
With the exception of aspergillosis, these infections are normally absent to a significant degree in immunocompetent persons.
They tend likely to involve:
1. Those who have traveled abroad to areas where they are endemic, or
2. Happen as opportunistic infections in patients who are immunocompromised as a result of:
a. Cancer treatment, due to
b. Immunomodulation after solid organ transplantation, or
c. HIV infection.
Most strains of this fungal mold are harmless, but a few can produce severe illnesses when people with weakened immune systems, underlying lung disease or asthma inhale their fungal spores.
In some people, the spores activate an allergic reaction.
Other people form mild to serious lung infections.
Pulmonary infection happens after inhalation of spores/conidia, or by the reactivation of latent infection.
Hematogenous dissemination of fungal infection leading to a systemic mycosis is likely to happen mainly in immunocompromised patients.
Endemic fungal pneumonia pathogens
1. Histoplasma capsulatum causing histoplasmosis.
2. Coccidioides immitis causing coccidioidomycosis.
3. Blastomyces dermatitidis causing blastomycosis.
4. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causing paracoccidioidomycosis.
Opportunistic fungal pneumonia pathogens
1. Candida spp. causing candidiasis.
2. Aspergillus spp. causing aspergillosis.
3. Mucor spp. causing mucormycosis.
4. Cryptococcus neoformans causing cryptococcosis.
The immune system, when properly functioning, stops fungi from invading living tissue in most instances.
Fungal infection mold is not avoidable.
Outdoors, it can