Electricity for the 4-H Scientist
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Electricity for the 4-H Scientist - Eric B. Wilson
Eric B. Wilson
Electricity for the 4-H Scientist
Published by Good Press, 2022
goodpress@okpublishing.info
EAN 4057664563026
Table of Contents
LESSON NO. B-1
Electrical Conductors
Electrical Insulators
Play It Safe
Electrical Terms
WHAT TO DO: Make A Circuit Board
Parallel Wiring
Series Wiring
SUGGESTED DEMONSTRATIONS
Water And Electricity
For More Information
What Did You Learn?
LESSON NO. B-2
TOOLS FOR ELECTRICIANS
Basic Tools for Electrical Work
WHAT TO DO: Build a Tool Chest
Demonstrations You Can Give
For Further Information
LESSON NO. B-3
What's In A Lamp?
WHAT TO DO—Rewire A Lamp
How To Do It
What Did You Learn?
SUGGESTED DEMONSTRATIONS
For More Information
LESSON NO. B-4
MAKE A TROUBLE LIGHT.
What Size Cord?
Cord, Plug and Guard
How to Make the Trouble Light
What Did You Learn?
Ideas for Demonstrations and Exhibits
For More Information
LESSON NO. B-5
WHAT MAKES MOTORS RUN
Motors Are Magnets
We Can Improve It
We Need An Electromagnet
Switching Poles Automatically
Increasing Efficiency
WHAT TO DO: Make A Motor
Step No. 1-Armature
Step No. 2-Commutator
Step No. 3-Field
Step No. 4—Armature Supports and Brushes
Demonstrations You Can Give
For Further Information
LESSON NO. B-6
TAKING CARE OF ELECTRIC MOTORS
You'll Need
WHAT TO DO
What Did You Learn?
Demonstrations You Can Give
For Further Information
ELECTRIC MOTORS SERVICE CHART Sample
LESSON NO. B-7
READING THE ELECTRIC METER
Reading a Meter
What's Your Electric Bill?
Estimating Operating Costs
Adding Low Cost Helpers
WHAT TO DO: Find the Cost of Operating Electrical Equipment
Demonstrations You Can Give
For Further Information
LESSON NO. B-8
IRONING IS FUN WITH THE MODERN HAND IRON
Important Things to Know
The Iron and Safety
WHAT TO DO: Learn About Your Iron
IRONING IS FUN
Demonstrations You Can Give
For More Information
LESSON NO. B-9
WHAT TO DO
SAFETY TIPS
4-H Electric Hazard Hunt Guide
How Many Hazards Did You Find?
Demonstrations You Can Give
For Further Information
LESSON NO. B-10
HOW ELECTRIC BELLS WORK—FOR YOU
What to Do
Bells and Buzzers Can Tell a Lot
Why They Buzz or Ring—Electromagnetism
A Special Kind of Electricity
How to Control Them
Pick the Right Bell or Buzzer
How to Plan Your System
Materials You'll Need
Install According to Your Plan
Demonstrations You Can Give
For More Information
LESSON NO. B-11
FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL INJURIES
What to Do
Electricity Can Kill
Prevent Accidents
Think, Then Act
First Aid
Mouth-To-Mouth Rescue Breathing
What Did You Learn? True or False
Demonstrations You Can Give
For More Information
LESSON NO. B-12
HOW ELECTRICITY HEATS
What to Do
Resistance
Makes Heat
Make a Simple Resistance Heater
Conduction is Touching
Heat
Convection Depends on Air
Radiation is Like the Sun
Make Popcorn 3 Ways
What Did You Learn?
LESSON NO. B-13
MYSTERIOUS MAGNETISM
What to Do
See
a Magnetic Field
Make an Electro-Magnet
Make a Permanent Magnet
See How They Attract and Repel
Make Many From One
Magnetism and Animals
What Did You Learn?
LESSON NO. B-14
Give your appliances and lights a square meal
What to Do
Count Your Electrical Blessings
Some Homes Are Behind Times
Watch for Signs of Starvation
Each Circuit Big Enough
Only One Fuse Size Right
Make a Circuit Chart
Check the Wire Sizes
Replace Any Wrong-Size Fuses
Talk it Over With Your Parents
What Did You Learn?
Demonstrations You Can Give
For More Information
LESSON NO. B-15
YOU CAN MEASURE ELECTRICITY
What to Do
How They Work
Detect a Magnetic Field
Detect a Tiny Current
Make a Simple Galvanoscope
Measure the Voltage of Batteries
Test for Induced Current
What Did You Learn?
Demonstrations You Can Give
For More Information
LESSON NO. B-1
Table of Contents
Credit Points 3
GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH ELECTRICITY
Electricity serves you best when you understand how it works and use it properly. As a 4-H member, you should know about electricity and help to show others the way to obtain its tremendous work-saving benefits as well as how to use it with safety.
A good way to think of electricity is to compare it with water. It acts a lot like water. However it is made of tiny parts of atoms called electrons. When there are more than the normal number of electrons in anything, it is said to be negatively charged; when there is a shortage of electrons, it is positively charged. As water flows downhill, seeking it's level,
electrons flow from negative to positive, seeking to balance
the charge.
Electrical Conductors
Table of Contents
Even if you're never going to repair a lamp or make a chick brooder, you should know about conductors and insulators. This is because you happen to be a fairly good conductor of electricity. Electricity will pass easily through you to other conductors—the ground, for instance. When this happens you may get a shock, burn, or serious injury. But it doesn't ever have to happen, if you learn to understand your friend, electricity.
Silver, copper, iron, aluminum and many other metals are very good conductors. Water, acids, and salts are too. Electricity passes over or through them very easily. Like water pipes, the larger the conductor, the more electricity it can carry. When conductors are too small for the amount of electrons trying to move over them, they get hot, melt, may start fires. That's why wire size is important.
Electrical Insulators
Table of Contents
Insulators are the opposite of conductors. Electricity has trouble passing through some materials. Rubber, most plastics, dry wood, oils and glass are some of the good insulators. It's the amount and kind of insulation that counts. If it has enough force, electricity can pass through just about anything—even jump gaps!
Electricity, like water, flows along the easiest paths. It is always trying to get to the ground. The earth attracts it. It stays on the wires unless a person, a wet branch, or some other conductor gives it a path to the ground. Do not touch any wire which might be carrying electricity.
Play It Safe
Table of Contents
If you should touch a hot
wire accidentally and are standing on a dry piece of wood, the conducting pathway to the ground is not good and the electricity may keep running along its wire. But do not touch some other conductor with another part of your body. This would complete a circuit through your body and would be very dangerous. Always make sure there is plenty of good insulation