Autism Spectrum Disorder (Updated), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

Autism Spectrum Disorders are a group of developmental disabilities which affects a person’s ability to communicate and socialize with others.
It is an often used term to depict these related disorders that are under this spectrum of disorders sharing frequent characteristics.

Essential updates:

1. Specifically, some people with ASD are missing a piece of their chromosome 16.
Termed 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, this chromosomal defect often causes neurodevelopmental disability and language skills impairment.
Doctors may have discovered a way to reverse this genetic form of ASD.
Researchers used experimental drugs that were initially developed to treat cancer to restore normal brain function in mice with ASD-like symptoms.
The doctors hope in the future to replicate these findings and ultimately test the drugs in medical trials for people with ASD

2. A single intranasal dose of oxytocin in healthy humans has also been seen to enhance trust, generosity, and empathy.
Together with oxytocin, another hormone called vasopressin has been observed to help shape various social behaviors, including both aggression and pair-bonding at least in animals.
Certain studies have suggested that vasopressin may be implicated in the regulation of social behavior in humans, too.

3. Following research published last year, a new paper outlines the further success of a diagnostic blood test for autism.
These results could be able to diagnose the disorder at a younger age
This new test will be moved swiftly on to the next stage of research, so that it may soon be available to doctors

4. Ultrasound scans may be useful for detecting ASD in uterus
Doctors used fetal anomaly ultrasound scans to show that children with ASD may have more rapidly growing brains and bodies at the beginning of the second trimester than children without the disorder.

1. Autism is depicted as a medical disorder which affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills with pervasive deficiency of responsiveness to other people.
2. Asperger Disease
3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder
4. Childhood Autism
5. Atypical Autism

There is
1. Gross deficiency of language development
2. Bizarre and poor response to meaningful interaction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests in early childhood and is featured by:
1. Qualitative abnormalities in social interactions,
2. Markedly aberrant communication skills, and
3. Restricted repetitive behaviors, stereotyped conducts, interests, and actions (RRBs).

Data from the study of children with ASD and healthy controls show that the children with ASD had:
1. Significantly (P < .05) greater head and abdominal circumference,
2. Cerebellar diameter, and
3. Femur length at about 20 weeks' gestation, after controlling for maternal age and other demographic factors.
The data suggest that children with ASD grow at a faster rate during the 18- to 24-week gestational period

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is featured by:
a. Continual deficiencies in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts;
b. Limited, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or actions;
c. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (typically recognized in the first two years of life); and,
d. Symptoms cause medically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of present functioning.

The term “spectrum” indicates the wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment or disability that children with ASD can have.
Some children are mildly impaired while others are disabled.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnos

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Oct 16, 2018
• ISBN: 9780463142264

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Autism Spectrum Disorder

(Updated),

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What The patient Need to Treat Autism Spectrum Disorder)

This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder

What are Autism Spectrum Disorders?

Autism Spectrum Disorders are a group of developmental disabilities which affects a person’s ability to communicate and socialize with others.

It is an often used term to depict these related disorders that are under this spectrum of disorders sharing frequent characteristics.

Essential updates:

1. Specifically, some people with ASD are missing a piece of their chromosome 16.

Termed 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, this chromosomal defect often causes neurodevelopmental disability and language skills impairment.

Doctors may have discovered a way to reverse this genetic form of ASD.

Researchers used experimental drugs that were initially developed to treat cancer to restore normal brain function in mice with ASD-like symptoms.

The doctors hope in the future to replicate these findings and ultimately test the drugs in medical trials for people with ASD

2. A single intranasal dose of oxytocin in healthy humans has also been seen to enhance trust, generosity, and empathy.

Together with oxytocin, another hormone called vasopressin has been observed to help shape various social behaviors, including both aggression and pair-bonding at least in animals.

Certain studies have suggested that vasopressin may be implicated in the regulation of social behavior in humans, too.

3. Following research published last year, a new paper outlines the further success of a diagnostic blood test for autism.

These results could be able to diagnose the disorder at a younger age

This new test will be moved swiftly on to the next stage of research, so that it may soon be available to doctors

4. Ultrasound scans may be useful for detecting ASD in uterus

Doctors used fetal anomaly ultrasound scans to show that children with ASD may have more rapidly growing brains and bodies at the beginning of the second trimester than children without the disorder.

1. Autism is depicted as a medical disorder which affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills with pervasive deficiency of responsiveness to other people.

2. Asperger Disease

3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder

4. Childhood Autism

5. Atypical Autism

There is

1. Gross deficiency of language development

2. Bizarre and poor response to meaningful interaction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests in early childhood and is featured by:

1. Qualitative abnormalities in social interactions,

2. Markedly aberrant communication skills, and

3. Restricted repetitive behaviors, stereotyped conducts, interests, and actions (RRBs).

Data from the study of children with ASD and healthy controls show that the children with ASD had:

1. Significantly (P < .05) greater head and abdominal circumference,

2. Cerebellar diameter, and

3. Femur length at about 20 weeks' gestation, after controlling for maternal age and other demographic factors.

The data suggest that children with ASD grow at a faster rate during the 18- to 24-week gestational period

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is featured by:

a. Continual deficiencies in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts;

b. Limited, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or actions;

c. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (typically recognized in the first two years of life); and,

d. Symptoms cause medically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of present functioning.

The term spectrum indicates the wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment or disability that children with ASD can have.

Some children are mildly impaired by their symptoms while others are seriously disabled.

What are the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Causes:

The specific causes of these abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder stay unknown.

There are probably combinations of factors that cause autism.

1. There may be hereditary predisposition.

Identical twins more often have autism than fraternal twins or siblings

2. The illness is more frequent in boys than in girls

A number of other possible causes have been proposed:

1. Diet such as poor unbalanced diet

2. Intestinal tract changes affecting digestion

3. Mercury poisoning – may affect the brain

4. Inability of the body to properly use vitamins and minerals

5. Sensitivity to vaccine

There is the belief that the small quantity of mercury called thimerosal that is often used as a preservative in multi-dose vaccines may cause autism or ADHD.

Scientists do not know the exact causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but research suggests that both genes and environment play important parts.

Genetic factors

Familial factors affect the risk for autism spectrum disorders.

The rate of autism spectrum disorder in children born into families that already have a child with an autism spectrum disorder is as high as 18.7 %, and the danger is twice as high in children born to families with 2 or more children with an autism spectrum disorder

In identical twins who share the precise same genetic code, if one has ASD, the other twin also has ASD in nearly 90% cases.

If one sibling has ASD, the other siblings have 35 times the normal danger of also developing the disorder.

Doctors are starting to identify specific genes that may raise the risk for ASD.

Doctors have only had some success in finding exactly which genes are involved.

Most people who develop ASD have no reported family history of autism indicating that random, rare and possibly many gene mutations tend to affect a person's risk.

Any alteration to normal genetic data is called a mutation.

Mutations can be inherited, but some occur for no reason.

Mutations can be useful, harmful or have no effect.

A higher genetic risk does not indicate that a child will definitely develop ASD.

Many doctors are directing on how different genes interact with each other and environmental factors to better comprehend how they raise the risk of this disorder.

Environmental factors

In medicine, environment indicates anything outside of the body that can affect health.

This includes the air the person breathes, the water the person drinks and bathes in, the food the person eats, the medicines the person takes, and many other things that the bodies may come in contact with.

Environment also involves the surroundings in the womb when the mother's health directly affects the growth and earliest development.

Doctors are studying many environmental factors such as family medical disorders, parental age and other demographic factors, exposure to toxins, and complications during birth or pregnancy.

As with genes, it is likely that more than one environmental factor is involved in raising the risk for ASD such as obstetric complications, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal infections.

Maternal rubella is linked with significantly higher rates of autism and other disorders in children.

Most people who have been exposed to environmental risk factors do not form ASD.

Doctors are studying how certain environmental factors may involve certain genes turning them on or off, or raising or reducing their normal activity.

This process is called epigenetics and is supplying doctors with many new ways to study how disorders like ASD form and possibly change over time.

ASD and vaccines

Health prevention experts advise that children receive a number