The Late Ada-Emilia Ruth Valmori Bsc.Hons. Her Dissertation

By Ada-Emilia Ruth Valmori (Hons)., BSc

These are the days of reflection; the times of our lives that one has to be afraid of the WORLD. What we have experienced does not reflect to what we had thought of life. ADA-EMILIA RUTH VALMORIS DESTINY, has been altered overnight, underneath the watchful eyes of GOD. God is her first witness, I am her second; the only living witness, her ambassador and the voice of the DECEASED; ADA-EMILIA RUTH VALMORI, whos now silenced. God and I, were witnesses that heard,sat, stood, and watched all with amazement. What a prize to pay for being the daughter, of those who fell from grace! Their kindnesses, and their treats are questionable. When someone is poor, they tend to have little or no protection. Dignity, and respect eroded by the mighty WORLD because somebody stepped on our toes! Still I could recall how frail and fragile she was; as she looked into my eyes. I have always tended to have admiration for those who love the truth, and would let JUSTICE REIGN. A man stamped his feet, a gentle tap dance, he sighed; and looked at ADA-EMILIA RUTH VALMORI, and said something that, GOD, THE NOW SILENCED AND I HEARD! Since I was born, I have never seen or been close to a corpse, the first corpse I saw was that of my daughter; You cannot begin to imagine, how distressful and stressful this has been to me as her mother but for her sake, nothing is too much to bear. I stood in the shadow of my daughters life; watched my child, as she faded away within three weeks. ADA-EMILIA RUTH VALMORI, spent twelve years at boarding schools. One year at GRACE DIEU MANOR HOUSE SCHOOL, AT COALVILLE, LEICESTER, ENGLAND. NINE YEARS AT A CONVENT SCHOOL called THE TOWERS AT UPPER BEADING, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND RUN BY IRISH NUNS. AN EX-STUDENT AT ST. CLARES INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE, BAMBURY ROAD, OXFORD, ENGLAND FOR TWO YEARS. ADA-EMILIA RUTH VALMORI WENT TO READ: (Humanities,

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris UK
• Release date: Jan 9, 2013
• ISBN: 9781479766840

Ada-Emilia Ruth Valmori (Hons)., BSc

I was born in Nigeria. My father had eleven children, five from my mother, who had three boys and two girls. I am her first daughter and the third child. My father died during the Nigerian Civil War. My mother, on her own, without social security or help from our extended families on both sides, brought us up on her own. I left school without any higher school certificates, but between 1988 and 1989, I did correspondence courses and I attained four GCSEs. In 1997, I started studying Law with the Open University, but sadly, in my second year, I dropped out because I could no longer fund myself. Since then, for eleven years, I have studied at the University of Hardships and learned how to write poetry on my own. My favourite poets are: T. S. Elliot, Dylan Thomas, Byron, and I also found it very fascinating to read ‘African Women’s Poetry’.

Book preview

THE LATE ADA-EMILIA RUTH VALMORI BSc (Hons).

AUTHOR OF:

HER DISSERTATION;

BASED ON PEOPLE OF AFRICAN ORIGIN

&

WE WILL MEET AGAIN

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A TRIBUTE POEM BY: R.I. IYEMERE

ALSO THE AUTHOR OF

THE ORDEALS

Copyright © 2013 by The Late Ada-Emilia Ruth Valmori BSc (Hons).

Library of Congress Control Number:       2012923620

ISBN:         Hardcover                               978-1-4797-6683-3

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                   Ebook                                      978-1-4797-6684-0

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Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Chapter One

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

List of Appendices

Bibliography

Ada-Emilia Virginia Ruth Valmori

History, Social History, English Literature

The anti-slavery movement in two slaving cities: a comparative study in urban politics.

This dissertation is submitted in part fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Humanities)

History, Social History, English Literature of the University of Birmingham.

THE UNIVERSITY

OF BIRMINGHAM

To my dearest Mother, this dissertation would not have been possible without your loving support and guidance. Thank you for all your help and guidance throughout the writing of this dissertation.

Lots of love from your daughter Ada xx.

20/05/05

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Abstract

The aim of this dissertation is to look at the anti-slavery movement in two slave trading cities for example Birmingham and Liverpool. To do this effectively the slavery movement will be looked at as well, as it will enable one to compare the involvement of industry and people in the Atlantic slave trade in each of these cities. For this comparative to be useful a port city (Liverpool) which imports slaves and raw materials must be compared to a city (Birmingham) which exports the raw materials to the port city to be used in the Atlantic slave trade; this enables one to investigate the dynamics of the anti-slavery movement in two cities as a consequence of the local context. Not only would this comparison help look at the dynamics of the anti-slavery movement in these two cities but it would show if the same type of individuals were involved in the anti-slavery movements in the two cities; this would be addressed by looking at gender, social class, religion and anti-slavery societies for example The Lunar Society in Birmingham.

The comparison of the anti-slavery movement in this two cities will be investigated in chapters one and two. Chapter one will be looking at the anti-slavery and slavery movements in Birmingham while chapter two will be looking at the anti-slavery and slavery movements in Liverpool. Chapter three which is also the final chapter will be a critical analysis of chapter one and two and conclusion. The literature that was used in this dissertation came from the Birmingham City Archives, Birmingham Central Library, Liverpool Maritime Museum and websites.

The main argument of this dissertation is that the level at which the Atlantic slave trade manifested itself in urban areas determined how effective the anti-slavery movement was in these areas.

Introduction

This dissertation plans to look at the anti-slavery movement in two cities involved in the slave trade, for example Liverpool and Birmingham. By looking at the anti-slavery movement in this way it enables one to compare the involvement of industry and people in the Atlantic slave trade. To do this effectively a comparison needs to be made between a port which imports slaves and other raw materials and a city which uses the slaves and raw materials to produce goods for the Atlantic slave trade. This study plans to investigate how effective the anti-slavery movement was in these two cities, and how significant slavery was to the economy of these two cities.

By choosing to construct a comparison on two slaving cities it enables one to investigate the dynamics of the anti-slavery movement in two cities as a consequence of the local context. Slavery is normally associated with the maritime economy of the city, for example Liverpool. The maritime economy deals with the movement of slaves, raw materials as well as the export of manufactured goods produced by industrial cities such as Birmingham. The industrial cities like Birmingham manufactured the equipment that captured and detained the slaves for transport. Birmingham made the manacles used to detain the slaves on the ship. The question is did the Atlantic slave trade manifest itself in urban areas? Did this in turn cause problems for future generations to learn about their heritage?

By choosing to compare two cities it enables one also to see if the same type of people were involved in the anti-slavery movement in these two cities; by looking at gender, social class, religion and the movers and shakers in each of the cities for example The Lunar Society and The Birmingham Female Society for the Relief of British Negro Slaves.

Chapter One

The British abolition movement can be perceived as being ‘the most successful pressure group in modern parliamentary history’ (Walvin, 2000, p.67). Within a space of only twenty