Inner and Outer Meanings of Koran (Quran)

By M.Singh Parashar

In this translation of Koran all the verses have been rearranged subject wise . The Koran has been divided into two parts( a) The divine and infallible Koran (b) The human and fallible Koran (due to absence of the hidden meanings ). Suggestions :-Follow the following rule :- an eye for an eye, an eye for a nose, an eye for an ear , an eye for a teeth . Collect the eyes and give these to the eye bank . Do not cut of the hand of the thief . Take out an eye of the thief and give to the blind man . By this system an error of justice can be rectified by returning the eye back to the man who has been wrongly declared as a thief . Do not stone the adulterer to death . Take out an eye, kidney and other organs out of the body of the adulterer or rapist and collect the money by selling these organs and give this money to the victim of rape etc .A constructive punishment is better than a destructive punishment

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse
• Release date: Nov 8, 2013
• ISBN: 9781481774130

M.Singh Parashar

M. Singh Parashar was born in India in 1939 and gained an Msc from Indore University . After working as a research officer for the Forest Research Institute in Dehradun for five years , he moved to France for further training in 1978.

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© 2013 by M.Singh Parashar. All rights reserved.

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Published by AuthorHouse 10/22/2013

ISBN: 978-1-4817-7264-8 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-4817-7413-0 (e)

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CONTENTS

PREFACE

SUBJECT INDEX

This work is dedicated to martyr Satwant Singh,

martyr Beant Singh and martye Kher Singh

PREFACE

In this translation the Koran has been divided into two part i.e. the divine and infallible Koran and the human, and fallible Koran. The divine part was revealed by God as the voice of conscience of Mohammed and this part is worth being accepted by men of all religions. The outer meanings of the human Koran are mystical and a wrong interpretation can lead into error and bloodshed. All the verses of Koran have been arranged subject wise. For proper understanding of Islam there is a need of allegorical interpretation. Many verses of Koran are capable of more than one interpretation. To decipher the hidden meanings or the liberal meanings, it is necessary to carry out the metaphorical and multiple possible textural interpretations of Koran. A major part of Koran should not be taken literally. Philosophers are supposed to solve the riddles of the universe. Unfortunately they multiply the puzzles of the world by indulging in double talk and take shelter under mysticism, intuition and other unverifiable and non-sensible things and places. We should confine our beliefs to this world alone. We should make our assumptions as minimum as possible and accept only empirically verifiable facts. Our belief in God will become stronger by making the religion free from immaterial, unverifiable and transcendental or non-sensible things. In this translation Koran has been explained in the light of philosophy and science. Religion should be based on a single article of faith i.e. God exists. God can be felt or conceived and He is always unknowable. Killing in the name of something which is unknowable is an act of foolishness. Men of all religions suffer from religious prejudice. Socrates said that a wise man is he who knows that he knows nothing. The complete or final truth is always unknowable. Modern conditions have caused a decline in moral values. The wind of immorality is best resisted by Islam (like a tall mountain). This causes us to say that Mohammed was one of the greatest prophet. The sharia of all religions is one and same. The aim of Islam is to make people of pure hearts and clean hands. People before Moses knew that adultery is wrong. God is like a lighthouse and He provides light to men of all religions. God or truth is single. We should not forget that many rules of conduct and ways of life given by Mohammed are his own original contribution. The human Koran is fallible and it can be saved by true, real, metaphorical and hidden or secondary meanings. Peace in the society can be created by accepting the common elements in all religions. We should allow every man his right of ijtihad and allow the freedom of expression. A free thinking can open a closed mind. We should cancel or ignore all t hose verses of Koran which are directed against the idolaters, Christianity and Judaism. This is necessary for creating peace in the world. Idolaters, Christians and Jews should accept Mohammed as a prophet or great reformer.

The God of all religions is one and same. Wahabibs asked people to return to original purity and simplicity. Reason is the judge of all men of all religions. We should collect the honey from the flowers of all religions. There is something extremely good in every religion. Prophets were human being and error is always done by human beings. Hence, no scripture is free from error. All prophets were fallible and we should ignore the shortcomings of the prophets and look at the good things spoken or done by prophets. We should regard the shortcomings of the prophets as mystical and beyond our capacity to understand. Unfortunately people look at the darkest sides of the religion of other people. No man or religion is perfect. We should take the net result of a rule or system into our calculations. Injustice is a bigger evil than terrorism. The best way to fight terrorism is to remove injustice.

Terrorism is caused by a wrong interpretation of the verse of sword. Fanatics regard all non-muslims as infidels and they think that an act of killing the non-muslims amounts to a service done to God. By the word unbeliever Mohammed meant evil doer. A man becomes muslim by his good conduct and not by a declaration of faith or name. In the light of this theory of Khawarij many muslims are not muslims and many non-muslims are muslims. Sinners believe in God and they enjoy theft, sexual misconduct, smoking, drinking and killing the innocent people. They know good; and believe in God, and do the evil. Many people like Nietzsche are atheists by mouth or pen and they are theist by their hearts. Nietzsche used to keep a statue of Buddha in his room and he believed that life is by cosmic will. He also believed in the doctrine of eternal recurrence. Hence, I think that there is not a single unbeliever in the world and all men are believer by their heart. Mohammed was the giver of the laws and a judgment on the interpretation must be made by a learned judge and no individual should be allowed to take the law into his hands. Utility causes us to accept blindly a belief in God without making a rational inquiry. Reason is like a walking stick and we are like a blind man who reduces the danger of falling down by making his walk in the field of noumena as short as possible. Hence, there is a need of reducing the creed or the articles of faith to a minimum. Law and order in the society is created by religion. Life is full of problems and peace of mind is created by a blind and firm belief in a God who hears and answers our prayers. Epicurus believed that religion is a source of fear. The truth is that religion is a source of great inner strength and it is created by a feeling that God is with us. Lockey asked people not to accept anything without making an enquiry. We have to adjust to modern conditions without losing our Islamic values or spirit. The sunnites lay stress on traditions. Traditions are facing new challenge from the modern conditions of life.

A prayer:—There is no god but God and Mohammed is the messenger of God. Mohammed is our Guru, guide, teacher, master, lighthouse, lamp, walking stick, eyeglasses, and path finder. Mohammed will keep us on the path of truth, justice, moral purity, good conduct, altruism, charity, peace and Jihad. Mohammed will save us from ungodly people. Believers will enjoy peace and a happy life inside the fort of Mohammed. Believers will enjoy peace under the tree of Mohammed. We will follow the guidelines laid down by Mohammed. We will obey the rules of conduct made by Mohammed. We will cross the sea of life in the boat of Mohammed. Mohammed is our judge and retaliation has been prescribed by Mohammed. During the darkness of vast sea a sailor can detect the right direction by looking at the pole star of Mohammed. A lost traveler can come back to the right path by looking at the road map of Mohammed and by reading Koran and Hadith. Mohammed is the bright sun and true light is provided by Mohammed. We were lost, dead and defeated people and a new life was given to us by Mohammed. O Master, we will take an active part in Jihad and fight like Khalid and Serekudha. Allah is with us. Mohammed is with us. The Koran is with us. Hadith is with us.

SUBJECT INDEX

1 God, soul and nature:—Upnishads, Vedanta, Sankara, Spinoza, Mansur and Jalaludin Rumi declared that God and soul are identical. Thou art that and Thou art God and similar other statements are not correct. The soul of a good man is identical with the Universal Soul. The soul of a bad man is not identical with the Supreme Soul. The soul of a man can never be fully purified. A Pak ruh is identical with Allahruh and a napak ruh (Satan) is not identical with Talaruh. The moral nature of a man is due to God and his immoral nature is due to nature. Nature is good as well as bad. The moral nature of a man is due to his superego and the immoral nature is due to Id. The soul of a good man is divine and the soul of an evil doer is not divine. A bad man can say, ‘Thou art Satan’. Jews declared that Jehovah is inside every man. Pantheism declared: All is One. Plato, Saint Augustine and Stoics declared that human soul is a part of God. Mencius said that the essence of Tao and human essence (te) are identical. Mencius said that human mind is a part of Tao. Lao-Tzu said that the essence of man (chi) is a part of the Universal essence. Spinoza said that human mind and the world are two aspects of one and same thing. We can believe that the soul of a good man is identical with the Universal Soul. But we cannot accept that the soul of a bad man is identical with the Cosmic Soul. Tolstoy said that the kingdom of God is inside you. The above theory caused people to say, Know thyself. People say that the voice of conscience is the voice of God. Some people say that conscience is acquired and it is not innate. The Sufi master said, To say I, amounts to saying that I and God are two.

(a) Material or immaterial:—Descartes and many other people believed that soul is immaterial. According to Epicurus and Spinoza the soul is physical. Descartes and many other philosophers believed that the soul is superior to body. Only a good soul is superior to body. The soul of a bad man is not superior to his body.

The number of souls:—Plato, Descartes, Jews, Jains and many other schools believed that the souls are infinite in number.

(b) The pre-existence of the soul:—According to Jainism the souls are eternal and infinite in number. Plato, Descartes, Leibniz and Manichaeism and Islam believed that our souls were created by gods or God. Plotinus said that the human soul was created by the world soul. Sankara said that all souls emanated from the Cosmic Soul or Brahman. Plato tried to prove the pre-existence of soul by his doctrine of remembrance or recollection of knowledge by the soul. Experience of every specie is recorded in the seed and it appears as an apriori knowledge in the future generations. Remembrance of the experience gained during our previous lives is due to seed. Plato declared that soul is harmony. Socrates rejected this theory as the soul is simple and harmony is complex. Plato said that the soul comes from stars. Plotinus declared that the soul is created by Divine Reason. The population of the world is increasing. From where the new souls are coming? Manichaeism and Manes declared that the soul was created by God and the body was created by Satan. Berkley and Bergson believed that soul is created by a life force or élan vital. Life was created by a supernatural force. Berkley said that soul is prior to body. Leibniz said that the number of monads is infinite and monads were created and are maintained by God. Human soul is the chief monad and monads are immaterial and consciousness or perception is due to monads. Monads are distributed throughout the body.

Thomas Aquinas said that the soul is created at birth. This was rejected by Bertrand Russell on the ground that God becomes a party to births due to rape etc. Many people say: The essence is prior to existence. Seed is immortal. Seed exists before the body comes into existence. Saint Augustine said that soul is transmitted through the seed.

The Pure Religion and soul:—Man is the creator of his own soul. A good soul is created by thinking and doing good and a bad soul is created by thinking and doing bad. A good soul is a store of good within and a bad soul is a store of evil within. Only good souls are immortal. Existence is prior to spiritual essence. Soul is a product of the body. Matter or food is converted into a good spirit by good thoughts and deeds.

Matter or food is converted into bad spirit by evil thoughts and deeds.

(c) The seat of the soul:—Descartes believed that the pineal gland is the seat of the soul. Epicurus declared that the soul is distributed throughout the body. Leibniz said that human body is a colony of monads.

(d) Soul or mind Vs body:—Plato believed that soul is divine. Plato regarded that soul is like a sailor and human body is like a ship. Self is like a rider and human body is like a horse. Plato believed that the mind and soul are always together. According to Aristotle mind and soul can exist separately. Plato and Phythagorus regarded the human body as a prison, husk, fetters, nails, coffin, and tomb of the soul. According to Islam and Sikhism flesh is holy. According to Christianity flesh is unholy. According to the Pure Religion human body is like an open field or tractor and soul is the crop of flowers produced from it. Soul is like the noble ideas. The noble ideas of Mohammed are immortal and there is a cultural transmission of noble ideas. e) The nature of soul:—A belief in transmigration of soul is an illusion. Seed is wet. Hence, some philosophers regarded soul as wet.

Aristotle believed that soul is the form of body. Seed is the form of the body. Plato rejected a belief that soul is the form of body.

Descartes said that soul is like a stamp and body is like the wax.

Is soul changeless?:—Bhagwad Gita and many other books say that soul is unchangeable and body is always undergoing a process of constant change. According to Bhagwad Gita the soul of a man remains unchanged through-out his life. According to Pure Religion the soul of a man is destroyed by rape, adultery, theft and other evils. The soul of a man becomes great by charity, fasting, altruism and other virtues. Hume said that soul is a shifting bundle of perception. Buddha also came out with his doctrine of anatma. Buddha and Hume believed that there is no permanent self and they rejected a belief in changelessness of soul. A belief in the existence of immaterial soul was also rejected by Locke.

(f) The Identity of a man:—Aristotle said that man is mind. The identity of a man can be made by his memory. But the memory can be destroyed by an injury. The identity of a man made by DNA test is better than by finger prints, photo or memory. The memory can be increased by inserting a chip in the hippocampus.

Plato regarded soul as a form of memory. According to the Pure Religion mind of today is a photocopy of the mind of yesterday. An old photocopy is replaced by a new photocopy and a false impression is created that the photocopy remains unchanged. Everything inside our body is in a process of constant flux. Everything inside a man is always undergoing a process of change. It is wrong to say that the self remains the same throughout the life. Socrates told us that the aim of life is to make the soul as great as possible i.e. to become a mahatma or akbreruh. Confucius said that the aim of life is to become a superior man. The soul is destroyed by prostitution and it becomes great by making charity.

(g) Soul and the causal laws:—Locke said that there is nothing immaterial in man. Descartes said that soul is not subjected to the causal laws of nature. Kant said that God, soul and freedom of the will belong to the noumenal world, and these are not subject to the causal laws of nature. I agree with Locke, Spinoza and Hobbes that man is no more than a machine and there is nothing immaterial inside man. Man is fully governed by the causal laws of nature. Berkley said that man is greater than a machine. Soul is regarded as a non-corporeal and non-physical thing. Locke believed that every part of human body is subject to causal laws of nature. Motion is created by the law of action and reaction which takes place at the surface of organic mind. Motion is created by the reflection of impulses. Motion is created by a magnet and there is no soul in a magnet. A leaf moves towards the sunlight. Motion is created by the osmotic pressure.

Epicurus also believed that soul is material and it is destroyed at death.

(h) Mind and Body:—Descartes, Leibniz, and many other philosophers wrongly believed that there is no causal connection between mind and body. Spinoza said that mind and body are not separate. According to Pure Religion mind and body are like the two ends of a single rod and these are always guided by the law of cause and effect. Impulses are sent by the body to mind and these are reflected from the organic matter of mind and the law of action and reaction is always obeyed. Thinking is a reaction from the surface of the mind.

(i) Kant and Sankare believed that the noumenal or real self is different from the phenomenal self and the noumenal self is not subject the law of cause and effect.

(j) God and soul:—According to Plotinus and Islam God is greater than soul. The worshipped is greater than the worshipper. The creator is greater than the created. According to Sankare soul of every man emanated from the Soul of God. Mencius said that man is a part of Tao. Chuang Chou Tzu said that Tao and chi are identical. Kant said that the moral law in human nature is due to God. Buddhist said that Buddha’s nature is present in every man. Mansur said, ‘I am Truth or Allah.’ Sufism and Hinduism accepted that the Supreme Soul and individual souls are identical. According to Hinduism all souls have emanated from Brahman. Hegal said, The Absolute is present in every man. According to Pure Religion a good soul is a spark of God in man and a bad soul is a spark of devil or animals in man. God reveals himself only in the heart of good people.

Berkley said that matter is unreal and ideas are put into the mind of man by God. God is good and holy and evil ideas cannot be put by Him in the mind of man. There is a divine as well as an evil element in man. Conscience is a representative of God in man.

(k) The types of souls:—Aristotle wrongly believed in three types of souls i.e. vegetative soul, animal soul and the rational soul of human beings. There is almost no distinction between the plants and microscopic organism. Biologically there is no difference between man and animals. Madhva said that the souls of human beings are different from each other. According to the Pure Religion there are only two types of souls. The souls of good people are of one and same type and the souls of bad people are of another type. According to Plato a soul can be divided into three parts i.e. rational, irrational and appetitive parts. Freud divided the self into three parts i.e. ego, superego and Id.

(l) The survival of soul:—According to the Pure Religion soul is not immortal and it is destroyed by prostitution, rape, theft etc. Plato tried to prove the survival of soul from the cyclic processes found in the phenomena of nature. Soul is regarded by him and Bhagwad Gita as the changer of bodies. Only few processes are cyclic or similar to day and night. Majority of the processes found in nature like one way traffic. A belief in the survival of soul was accepted by Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Avecina and other thinkers. A belief in the survival of soul was rejected by Epicurus, Democritus, Sankara, Spinoza, Tolstoy, Hume, Nietzsche, Stoics, Voltaire, Hobbes, Aristotle, Averroes and many other thinkers. They regarded soul as a material thing. According to mortalism death is the final end. Seed is immortal. The germ-cell is a photocopy of the next generation. A belief in the transmigration of soul was accepted by Hinduism, Plato, Druze, Philo etc. According to this belief the soul descends into beasts, plants, insects etc. This belief gave birth to the caste system, vegetarianism and non-violence. A belief in the transmigration of soul was rejected by Saint Augustine, Schopenhauer and Mirza Gulam Ahmed. Bhagwad Gita declares that the soul is immortal and the body is destroyed forever. The seed is immortal and there is a cultural transmigration of the noble ideas. m) The resurrection of dead:—A belief in the resurrection of the body was also rejected by Tolstoy, Hobbes, Hume, Stoics, Voltaire, Aristotle, Epicurus, Democritus, Nietzsche, Dewy, Bhagwad Gita and others.

(n) Socrates said that no harm can be done to the soul. A soul is destroyed by evil deeds. Sankara believed that our souls are absorbed into the Universal Soul and the individuality of the soul is lost. Ramanuja believed that the individuality of the soul is maintained after the death. A belief in the resurrection of dead is accepted by Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

(n) Thinking, feelings, consciousness and perception are created by a physicochemical process in the nervous system.

Leibniz believed that soul is independent of body. Descartes wrongly believed that man is greater than machine and the soul is not subjected to the laws of nature. Descartes said, I think, I feel therefore I am. Mind is a product of matter. Soul is not the thinker. The mind was regarded by him as spiritual in nature. Man is made up of 30,000,000,000,000 cells. Mind is like a magnetic tape and experience is recorded on it and this tape is destroyed after death. However, with an advance in science it will be possible to take out the mind of a dead man and make a copy of it on a disk.

Mind is a feeling thing like mercury and human body is like a glass tube containing mercury. Thinking is due to reflection of impulses from the organic surface of the mind. Thinking is a reaction or rebound and it is always guided by Newton’s law of action and reaction. Ideas are electromagnetic impulses in the brain. Thinking is like the movement of a liquid contained inside a barometer. Mind is like a mirror and impulses are reflected from it. External and internal impulses are reflected from the surface of the mind. Mind is like a photographic plate and impressions recorded on it and they depends on the nature and duration of the external and internal stimuli or light. Mind is like a chemical reaction which is a state of equilibrium. Hobbes said thinking is due to internal motion and it is always governed by the laws of mechanics. Internal and external stimuli are reflected from the surface of the mind and the law of action and reaction is always obeyed. Consciousness is a material process.

Descartes, Plato and many other philosophers believed that soul sees, perceives and understand through the eyes and other organs of the body. Democritus said that consciousness is purely a mechanical process. Consciousness or life in an egg is created by external heat and it is always governed by the causal laws of nature. Hobbes believed that mind is always governed by the causal or mechanical laws of nature. Neurons becomes active and copy what is being watched by us. Some of the functions of the mind are imitated by chips. Plato said that reflection is due to soul. Consciousness is created by a combined effect of all the cells of the body. Each cell behaves in two ways i.e. as an individual thing and as a part of the whole organism. Genes are particles without consciousness. A group of neurons becomes most active in their reaction to a particular stimuli. Consciousness arises from the firing of neurons i.e. electrical and chemical impulses in the nervous system. Thinking is a reaction from the mind. Consciousness is like a flow of current. Many philosophers wrongly believed that consciousness is due an immaterial substance. Thinking is due to a movement of neurons. Memory is created when a group of neurons becomes active in their reaction to certain stimuli.

Hegal believed that the knower and the thing known are one. The perceiver and the thing perceived are products of matter.

The cells of an early embryo can be displaced. A cell which is going to become mind can be replaced a cell which is going to become a leg. Human body is made of 100 trillion living cells. In 1495 the Siamese twins were conjoined. They had two bodies joined at the naval by a membrane which carried a common liver. They had a common sex organ of reproduction and different heads or minds. Adultery committed by one sex organ is transmitted to two minds. Ethical problem is created by the twins joined at belly as they have got two minds and a single sex organ. If two pieces of an early embryo becomes separated than two perfect individuals are produced.

o) The vital principle:—It is wrong to say that life is created by a cosmic vital principle or élan vital. Life is created by physicochemical process. Living thing came out of nonliving matter. Microbes can be made genetically. During the past, the atmosphere was without oxygen. The DNA or protein compound was formed under the impact of electricity and heat radiation on a small pit containing water, and all types of salts and the process was accelerated by mechanical, gravitation and chemical stimuli and gave birth to the process of polymerization. It is wrong to say that a cluster of cells becomes more than a living thing. Man is made up of approximately 3000 000 000 0000 cells Darwin said that the resemblance in the structure and activity of all living things prove a common origin of all living things. Genes in the bacteria gave birth to a multicellular animals. The evolution of all animals that breathe with their lungs took place from fish. The earth is about 4.5 billion years old and life started about 3.6 billion years age. Biologically there is no difference between man and animals. With the help of genetic engineering it is possible to create human-animal chimeras. A bear can be created with a human mind.

(p) The Islamic theory of soul:—The Koran justified a belief in the resurrection of the dead by the revival of the dead earth after the rain. A belief in the resurrection is also supported in the Koran by the miracle of the survival of the dead birds. Averroes denied a belief in the resurrection of the dead by his argument that the old bodies must die in order to give birth to the new bodies. The passive corporeal intellect dies with the death of the body.

The doctrine of the torture of the grave:—The soul of every martyr makes a quick journey to the garden of Eden where it looks at the bliss of the virtuous and sufferings of the wicked. Martyrs go straight to the Garden of Eden. They recline their own couches, eat meat and fruits and enjoy the company of dark eyed hours. Then the spirit of the martyrs returns to the earth and dwell with the body. Between the time of death and burial ceremony the spirit of a dead sinner makes a quick journey to hell where it sees the torture of the sinners. Questions are put to the soul by angel Munkar and angel Nakir. They have got huge teeth and wild hairs. Every muslim has to give answer to the questions put to him by these angels. The grave of the muslims who have no sins on record is changed into a luxurious space. The graves of the sinners are changed into an oppressive space. The torture of the grave will come to an end on the day of resurrection of the dead. This is similar to questions put by god Yamraj of Hinduism.

On the day of resurrection the spirit and the body are united by God.

2 Are God and Nature identical? Nature was regarded by Aristotle as the sum of totality of all things. I regard nature as the giver of laws to matter. Zeno, Aristotle, Parmenide, Spinoza, Hegal, Pantheism, Sankara, Chu Hasi, Neoplatonism, monism, Stoics and many other thinkers identified nature as equal to God. This belief is against Islam as this causes us to say that God and matter are identical. Most of the philosophers regard God as immaterial. Pantheism leads to a belief that all things are divine and this leads to idolatry.

Locke said that the laws of God are the laws of nature. God is always good and nature is good as well as bad. Bruno said that the world is like a living animal. Parmenides, Aristotle, pantheism, Spinoza and many other schools believed that God is a changeless being. Spinoza also accepted local changes. This is similar to the sea level which remains unchanged by the arrival of new water from rivers and by the loss of water due to evaporation etc. Nature is always undergoing a process of change. Tao is always static.

Hiraclitus and Buddha regarded everything as is in a state of flux. Matter is passive, divisible and visible. God is active. God is a perfect being and nature is imperfect. Sankara and Spinoza regarded God as the efficient and material cause of the world. According to Islam and Judaism God is greater than nature. The builder or creator is greater than the thing created by him. God is infinite and nature is finite. God is invisible and nature is visible. God is unknowable and nature is knowable. God is eternal and nature was created by God. According to Islam and Descartes God is greater than nature and nature is fully within the control of God. Descartes, Islam and many other schools believed that nature is fulfilling the purpose of God. Rousseau asked people to return to nature. Stoics asked people to live in harmony with nature. Nature is a source of good and evil. The way of nature or evolution is marked by violence, deception, rape, slavery and all other evils. Nature is blind and does not discriminate between good and evil. God is always good. Hegal believed that nature is greater than a machine. Locky believed nature equals to a machine. Taoism and Rousseau asked people to return to nature. Nature is amoral and God is holy. Plato and Stoics said that God is divine and a perfect soul and nearly equals to the form of good. Hinduism and Koran tell us that God is truth. Nature causes the predators and prey to misrepresent each other.

Saint Paul said, The upper nature is at war with the lower nature. Schopenhauer said that the Cosmic Will is irrational. Taoist said that Tao is unkind and a belief in the wild destructive forces of Tao was accepted. The way of nature is the way of Tao. Nature is cruel, blind, prodigal, dead slow and does not differentiate between good and evil. The rule of might is right is accepted by nature and rejected by God. Kill or be killed is the law of nature. Eat or be eaten is the law of jungle. Rape is approved by nature and rejected by God. God is concerned with good and evil. Nature is concerned with the survival of the physical body and God is concerned with the survival of morals.

On other planets there is no conflict between good and evil. Before the evolution of man from ape there was no conflict between good and evil. Taoists asked people to follow the way of nature. Lao Tzu accepted the wild destructive forces of nature. Buddha said that the Ultimate Reality has no opposite.

God is always good and nature is good as well as bad. Every chapter of Koran starts with a declaration that God is Most Merciful and Most Compassionate.

Aristotle, Spinoza, pantheism, Neoplatonism, Taoism Hobbes identified God with nature. Nature is also a good mother. Taoist accept Tao as our protector. Food, clothes and other things are produced by Tao and Allah.

3 The Divine, holy and infallible Koran:—Part I

This part of Koran was written under the influence of the divine nature of Mohammed. The outer and inner meanings of the verses of this part are nearly same.

1) Prayers and a trust in God:—The Koran says that His throne is as big as the heaven and the earth and He does not become tired by preserving both of them. He is the Exalted, and Majestic. 2:255 True believers are those who are humble during their prayers, and they keep aloof from profane talk, and they give alms to the destitutes. 23:1 Think about the situation of a man whose heart has been opened by God to Islam and has received light from his Lord. But woe to those whose hearts have become hard, and God is not remembered by them. There is no doubt that they are in error. 39:22

(Prayer amounts to total self-surrender. Prayer is a talk with God. Prayer is an absorption into God. Prayer is a contact with God. Aristotle believed that there can be no contact with God. During a small area of life a blind faith is superior to knowledge. The reason of the heart said, God hears and answer our prayers.) Remember when the house was built by Abraham and Ishmael, they said, O Lord, accept this from us. You are All-Hearing and All-Knowing. O Lord cause us to surrender to You. O Lord make our progeny a people who surrender to you. O Lord explain us how to perform the worship ceremony, and be merciful to us. You are the All-Pardoning and Merciful. O Lord send them a messenger out of our own people. It is God who sends us rain, food and other things. The Opening In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate to all. The Lord of the worlds is to be praised, He is Merciful to all, Compassionate to each of us, He is the Lord of the Day of Reckoning. It is only to You we come to worship, and we seek help from You. Guide us to the right path, The path of those upon whom your love is great, Not of those who are hated by You, Nor of those who have lost their path. (This prayer is for right guidance.)

Prayers in the praise of God:—Praise be to God. To Him belong all that is contained in the heaven and on the earth. Praise be to Him in the transcendental world! He is One, Wise and Omniscient. (Feelings tell us that our prayers are heard and answered by God) Who so makes prayer to Me, his prayers are answered by Me. Hence, let them be obedient to Me, and put their trust in Me so that they are rightly guided. 2:186 There is no God but Him, the Living, and the Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs what is in the heaven and what is on the earth. Who can plead with Him except by His permission? He knows their past and the present deeds. They can purify themselves by reading His signs and He gave them the Book and knowledge. You are Omnipotent and All-Wise. 2:129 Who will reject the faith of Abraham except a fool? We have chosen Abraham in this world and in the noumenal world he will be living among the just. When they asked Abraham: ‘Submit’, he said, ‘I have submitted to the Lord of the worlds.’ 2:130 Abraham prescribed this faith on his children, as was done by Jacob and said: O my children, God has selected the true religion for you. Do not die except in complete surrender. 2:132 Were you witness to the death of Jacob? He said to his children: ‘Whom are you going to worship after my death?’ They said, ‘We will worship your God and the God of our forefathers, Abraham, Isaac and Ishmael: the One true God and we will surrender to Him.’ 2:133 O Lord, do not held us responsible if we forget or fall into error. O Lord, do not put a heavy burden on us as was put by you on the men of the past. O Lord, do not put on us a burden which is more than our capacity to bear. Give us pardon and forgive our sins, and be merciful towards us. You are our Protector, make us victorious over the unbelievers.’ 2:282 O Our Lord, do not allow our hearts to go astray after guidance has been given by you. Grant us mercy out of your grace. You only are the munificent Giver. O Lord, You are the Gatherer of the mankind on a day which is bound to come without fail. The appointed time will not be cancelled by God. 3:9 They say, O Lord, we believe in you. Save us from the torment of fire, and forgive our sins. They are steadfast, sincere, charitable, and with every break of day they seek pardon from the Lord. 3:17 If they cause a damage to their souls, let them remember the name of God and ask for forgiveness for their sins. 3:140 God loves the steadfast. 3:147

A prayer for pardon:—O Lord forgive our sins and mistakes. 3:148 No sin is committed by you by making your prayer short during your expedition on the earth, if you are afraid of a surprise attack by the unbelievers. The blasphemers are your manifest enemies. O Prophet, if you happened to be among the believers during the prayer service, let a group of them get up for prayers with you, let them take up their arms. After conducting their prayers let them retreat to the rear, and let another group who has not yet performed their prayer move forward and make prayer with you; and let them also be equipped with arms. Blasphemers will be happy to find you unarmed and without your equipment, and in such a situation you will be attacked by them. 4:104 It is no sin to put aside your arms at a time when your are sick or exposed to rain but always be alert. God has kept ready a shameful chastisement for the blasphemers. After the prayer is over, make mention the name of God standing, sitting and reclining. During the time of peace perform your prayers regularly; for prayer is prescribed for the believers, to be performed at fixed times. 4:104 Say: O Lord, show me the infliction that has been promised to them. O Lord, do not leave me among those who are the evildoers. And we will show you the scourge that has been promised to them! (A view of hell and heaven on television or in a photo will be very useful in creating law and order in the world) 23:95 O Lord, we have heard a caller, inviting us to faith: Believe in your Lord. And we believed. O Lord, forgive our sins and purify us from our evil deeds. And make us to die in the company of the pious. O Lord, give us that which was promised by You to the elects. You never break the words given by You. 3:194 Moses said, O Lord, forgive me and forgive my brother. Bestow on us Your mercy, You are the Most Merciful. 7:151 And they were told, Live in this town and eat anything liked by you, make prayer for forgiveness and enter the gate prostrating: We will forgive your sins.’ 7:160 And pious are those who follow the Books and are steadfast in prayers. 7:170 When Koran is recited to you, listen to it with complete silence, so that you may receive His mercy. Remember your Lord in private with humbleness and awe, and without any loudness in the morning and in the evening, and be not among those who are careless. Those who are in touch with your Lord, are without any pride during the prayer service. They praise Him and bow down before Him. 7:206 The true believers are those who, when the name of God is recited, their hearts become full of awe, whose faith is increased by listening to revelations. They make prayers steadfastly and put their trust in their Lord, and they give alms out of that which is given by Us to them. Such is the nature of the true believers. They will become nearer to their Lord and get a pardon and a generous provision from their Lord. 8:4 O believers, obey God and His apostle, and do not go away from him as you hear the revelations. Do not behave like those who say, We hear, but they pay no attention to what was heard by them. The lowest beasts in the sight of God are those who are deaf, dumb and lack the rational faculty. (According to Aristotle, man only has got a rational soul. Descartes believed that brutes have no rational capacity. Scientifically brutes also have got a less developed rational faculty). Had God noted any virtue in them, He would have provided them hearing. (Altruism is also shown by animals and birds). And even if they had received a capacity to hear, they would have refused to listen, and remain careless. 8:23 God became merciful to the prophet, the muhajirin and the ansar, who gave him support in the period of stress, and at a time when some of them were about to lose their courage. He became merciful to them. (God is the giver of inner strength) God is He is Merciful and Compassionate to all. He also forgave those who were left behind. They were disheartened to such an extent that they were about to die, the vast earth had become very small for them. They came to believe that except God, there is no protector. Then He became merciful to them so that they may repent. God is All-Pardoning and All-Merciful to all. 9:118 O believer, be afraid of God and support those who are fighting for the cause of God. 9:119

Their prayers will be: O Lord, glory be to you! and in their greetings they will say: Peace be to you! And in the end they will say, Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds! 10:10 Moses said, Make prayers at dawn and at the end of the day, and for some hours during the night. Sins are erased by good deeds. This is an advice for those who reflect. Have patience. God will not deny the reward of those who do good deed. 11:115 Yet man makes prayer for evil, as intensely as he makes prayer for good. Man is always impatient. 17:11 Your Lord best knows what lies in your heart. There is no doubt that those who make prayers to Him will be forgiven by Him. 17:28 Moses said, "O Lord, Create courage in my heart and make my work easy and free my tongue from its impediment, so that people may understand the words spoken by me. Appoint a counselor out of the members of my family, Aaron my brother. Fill me with strength through him, and make my work easy. So that we may give you glory frequently and remember you frequently. There is no doubt that all of us are being looked after by You. 20:35

Those who repent and do good acts and believe in Him, God will cancel their sins and substitute their sins with favors. God is All-Pardoning and Merciful to all. 25:70 Hence, give glory to God, during the morning and night! Glory be to Him in the heaven and on the earth, at midday and at noon. 30:10

Turn back to Him and be afraid of Him. Be steadfast in prayer and worship no other god beside Him. 30:34 He endowed Luqman with wisdom, and said: Give thanks to God. Whoso gives thanks has much to gain, and whoso denies His blessings, God is Self-Sufficient and worthy of all praises. 31:13

O My Son, be steadfast in prayers, command justice and forbid evil, endure with fortitude whatever may happen to you. That is the duty prescribed on all. 31:19 Luqman In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful to all. 31:1 Alif Lam mim There are the revelations of the Wise Book, a guide and mercy to the just who perform prayers, gives alms, and firmly believe in the next life. They have received right guidance from God and they will prosper without fail. 31:1

And what about the one who bows down and passes the night in adoration, either standing or bowing, and he is afraid of the hereafter and has hopes of mercy from the Lord? Say: Can such a person be treated as equal to an ignorant man? Say: O My faithful followers, be afraid of your Lord, and do good deeds in this phenomenal life and earn a rich reward. God’s earth is vast. Those who endure with fortitude shall get unlimited reward. Say: It is prescribed for me to worship none except Him. I have been commanded to become the first muslim." 39:16

Prayers for seeking forgiveness from God:—Those who came after them say: "O Lord, forgive us and forgive our brothers who accepted the faith before us. Do not fill our hearts with ill will against those who are believers.

You are our Lord, All-Merciful and Compassionate to all." 59:10 Forgiver In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate to all! Ha Mim This Book has been sent down by the Omnipotent, the One and the Omniscient.

He is the Forgiver of sins, He is the Accepter of repentance, and He is stern in giving punishment. His bounty is infinite. 40:3 There is no god but He, and He is the end of the journey of our lives. 40:3 He is a Living and Eternal God. There is no god but Him. Hence, make prayers to Him with a sincere heart. Praise be to God, Lord of the Universes. 40:65 Praise be to God, the Lord of the heavens and the earth, Lord of the Universes. He is the Greatest being in the heavens and earth! He is Omnipotent and Wise One. 45:37 The houses for prayers are for the worship of God. Hence, worship none but Him. When the worshippers of God get up for making prayers, assemble around him in a mass. 72:19 (Prayers are made to God for saving us from new sins. During prayers thanks are given to God. The value of the prayers is lost by making prayers for daily bread and other worldly goods. We should demand from God nothing except right guidance and divine knowledge. We can demand peace, health and other worldly goods only for other people. It is better to beg from God a union of one’s soul with the Universal Soul. In case of extreme danger we may demand from God peace and protection from enemies. Taoists say that Tao is beyond the reach of prayers). That your past and future sins may be cancelled by God, and He may perfect His favor upon you; and guide you to the right path, and bestow on you His great help. 48:3 That you may believe in God and His messenger, and that you may do service to Him, and be in awe of Him and praise Him during the morning and in the evening. Those who obey you are in fact obeying God. The hand of God is above their hands. (By the hand of God we mean the mystical force of God) Oath:-Whoso breaks his oath is himself accountable for it; whoso honor his oath to God shall get a rich reward from Him. 48:10

You will find them bowing down in prostration, seeking mercy and favor from Him. The residue of prostration are left on their faces. (This is true. Invisible, mystical marks are accepted by the reason of the heart) Their description has been recorded in Torah and Evangel: they are like the seed which send its shoot and fortifies it, it thickens and stand firmly on its stalk, a source of delight to the sowers. From them He wants to mortify the unbelievers. God has promised forgiveness and rich reward to those who believe and do good deeds. 48:29

Tolerate patiently what is said by them, and give glory to your Lord before sunrise and before sunset. Glorify Him in the night, and make an extra prostrations. 50:43 The fear of God:—O Believers, be afraid of God, and let every soul take into account what has been earned by it for the morrow; and be pure before God—God knows all the deeds done by you. 50:8

Obey God and His sent ones so that you may receive His pardon. Be quick in making prayers for pardon from your Lord and a paradise as big as heaven and earth, kept ready for the pious. 3:136 O Believers, remember the name of God as many times as possible, and praise Him morning and evening, so that He and His angels may bless you and bring you out of darkness into the light. He is All-Merciful to the believers. 33:44 It is only an advice to the pious. We fully know that some people out of you will deny it. It is a source of grief to the unbelievers: it is a truth and there is no doubt about it. Hence, praise the name of your Lord Almighty! 69:52 And Noah said: O Lord, leave no blasphemers on earth. If you allow them to live they will lead your worshippers astray, and they produce nothing but evil doers and blasphemers. O Lord, forgive me, and forgive my parents, and all those who seek refuge in my house. Forgive every believing man and believing woman, and bring a quick destruction of the evil doer. 71:28

You do not need to move your tongue too quickly, to understand this revelations. We will take care of its collection and recitation. When we read it follow it with full attention. We Ourself will explain its meaning. 75:21

(Man becomes superior to animals by his spiritual and cultural activities. A man becomes pure by prayers, reading the books, fasting, charity and pilgrimage).

Oath and the effect of a belief in God:—Do not swear by God as an excuse for you and cause you to abstain from doing good works, God is All-Hearing and Omniscient. God will not hold you to account for being careless in the oaths. God will hold you responsible for the deeds done by you. God is Forgiving and Lenient. 2:224 The guidance provided by God is a true guidance and we have been ordained to surrender to the Lord of the worlds, and to make prayer to Him and to become afraid of God. It is to Him we shall be herded together. 6:73

Make prayers to your Lord, a private and humble petition. He does not love the transgressors. Do not make the earth corrupt after it has been purified. Make prayer to Him with submission and hope. The righteous people can always earn His mercy. 7:57 If you make a pledge with God, fulfill it, and do not break your oaths after they have been made by you. After making a pledge, God becomes your surety. All the deeds done by you are fully known to God. And do not behave like the woman who unravels the thread after weaving firmly. You regard oaths among yourselves as a mean to deceive each other, whenever a group becomes more numerous than the other. 16:92 You will not take an oath with a purpose to deceive each other, and go astray after receiving right guidance, and you suffer from misfortunes due to obstructing others from the path of God. A harsh punishment is in your store. Do not sell the covenant of God for a small price. Your riches of the world of phenomena are transitory and the reward given by God is eternal, if you can understand. Everything in your possession will come to an end and what is received from God is everlasting. 16:97

They swear by God that if an order to march is received by them, they would march out. Say: Do not swear by God. Your obedience is sufficient. All the deeds done by you are fully known to God. 24:54

Be patient with the judgment of your Lord, We are keeping a watch over you. Give glory to your Lord when you are awaken, Praise Him during the night, and also when the setting of the stars takes. 52:49 The Koran has been sent down by Us to you in gradual and true revelations. Hence, wait for the judgment of your Lord with patient, and do not yield to unbelievers and sinners out of them. Mention the name of your Lord morning and evening. Praise Him during the night and prostrate to Him. 75:28 (Oaths taken during the prayers are like an agreement made with God. Oaths taken for abstaining from drinking, gambling and other sins are useful. Prayers can be made only to a physical God who is sensitive to our prayers. Prayers cannot be made to an incorporeal spirit or impersonal Force. Prayers through music was accepted by Confucius, Sikhism and Sufism. Plato believed that music is good for building character. Mysticism was accepted by Sufism, Hinduism and Buddhism. Perjury is a willful false statement made under an oath. The sex-king is unfit to lead the prayer service).

Prayer, drinking and sexual intercourse:—O Believers, postpone your prayers when you are drunk, but wait till you can understand the meanings of the words spoken by you. Abstain from prayers when you have become impure due to the sexual intercourse, till you purify yourself by ablution. This law is exempted during your travel. If you are sick, or on a journey, or if you have come from toilet, or a sexual intercourse has been committed by you with a woman, if water is not available then rub your hands and face with sand. God is All-Pardoning and Forgiving. 4:43 Ablution:—O believers, when you stand up for making a prayer wash your faces and hands up to the elbow, and clean your heads and feet up to the ankles. If you are unclean, purify yourself. If you are sick or on a journey or if you have come from the toilet or had an intercourse with a woman and no water is available to you, then take clean dust and wipe your hands and feet with it. God does not want to put burden on you; His only intention is to make you