The Prince: Bilingual Edition (English – Italian)
()
About this ebook
Instead of memorizing vocabulary words, work your way through an actual well-written novel. Even novices can follow along as each individual English paragraph is paired with the corresponding Italian paragraph. It won't be an easy project, but you'll learn a lot.
Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian diplomat, philosopher and writer during the Renaissance era. Machiavelli led a politically charged life, often depicting his political endorsements in his writing. He led his own militia, and believed that violence made a leader more effective. Though he held surprising endorsements, Machiavelli is considered to be the father of political philosophy and political science, studying governments in an unprecedented manner that has forever shaped the field.
Read more from Niccolò Machiavelli
The Prince Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Prosperity & Wealth Bible Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Complete Art of War Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Discourses Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Prosperity Bible Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/54 Books by Niccolo Machiavelli Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Prince: Second Edition Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Prosperity Bible: The Greatest Writings of All Time on the Secrets to Wealth and Prosperity Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Machiavelli on Business: Strategies, Advice, and Words of Wisdom on Business and Power Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/530+ Classic Philosophy Book Collection: The Art of War, Poetics, The Republic, The Meditations, The Prince and others Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Art of War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHistory of Florence Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Harvard Classics: All 71 Volumes Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Quotable Machiavelli Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Secret of Prosperity: The Greatest Writings on the Art of Becoming Rich, Strong & Successful Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Quotable Machiavelli Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Prince: Bilingual Edition (English – German) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Prince with Study Guide: Deluxe Special Edition Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Related to The Prince
Related ebooks
The Cambridge Medieval History - Book IX: Charles the Great and the Holy Roman Empire Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLatin Literature Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Best Works of Anton Chekhov: Plays, Short Stories, Novel and A Biography Including The Steppe, Ward No 6, Uncle Vanya… Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRenaissance in Italy: The Age of the Despots Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSenso(and other stories) Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Garibaldi: The Man and the Nation Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA History of Germany From the Earliest Times to the Present Day Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Kreutzer Sonata Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Canne al vento Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLong Live Latin: The Pleasures of a Useless Language Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Cobra and Scarab: A Novel of Ancient Egypt Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFirst Italian Reader: A Dual-Language Book Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Canterbury Tales (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPetrarch: The Canzoniere, or Rerum vulgarium fragmenta Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The History of Italy Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsItalian Picture Word Book Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsShakespeare's Sonnets Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Two Stories/Deux nouvelles: A Dual-Language Book Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsOresteia Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Ovid, Metamorphoses (3.511–733): Latin Text with Introduction, Commentary, Glossary of Terms, Vocabulary Aid and Study Questions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsOur Joyce: From Outcast to Icon Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Two Latin Plays for High-School Students Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTales From The Jazz Age Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRedeeming The Prince: The Meaning of Machiavelli's Masterpiece Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDe Mulieribus Claris by Giovanni Boccaccio - Delphi Classics (Illustrated) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsOn the Generation of Animals Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRecognizing Persius Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLibanius the Sophist: Rhetoric, Reality, and Religion in the Fourth Century Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Italian For You
Learn Italian! Impara l'Inglese! ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND: In Italian and English Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Easy Learning Italian Conversation: Trusted support for learning Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Learn Italian: 500 Real Answers (Italian Conversation) Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Italian For Dummies Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Learn Italian in a Hurry: Grasp the Basics of Italian Rapidamente! Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Italian for Beginners Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5Easy Italian Phrase Book: 770 Basic Phrases for Everyday Use Rating: 1 out of 5 stars1/5Dirty Italian: Everyday Slang from "What's Up?" to "F*%# Off!" Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsStreet Slang: Italian Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Easy Learning Italian Grammar: Trusted support for learning Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsItalian English Frequency Dictionary - Essential Vocabulary - 2.500 Most Used Words & 421 Most Common Verbs Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Italian Frequency Dictionary For Learners - Practical Vocabulary - Top 10.000 Italian Words Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Collins Italian Phrasebook and Dictionary Gem Edition Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsItalian All-in-One For Dummies Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Italian Grammar Drills Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Learn Italian: Italian for Kids - Bilingual Stories in English and Italian Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Conversational Italian Dialogues: Over 100 Italian Conversations and Short Stories Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Big Green Book of Italian Verbs Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5501 Italian Verbs, Fifth Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Italian Verb Drills, Fourth Edition Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Complete Italian Step-by-Step Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Complete Writings of St. Francis of Assisi: Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Everything Italian Phrase Book: A quick refresher for any situation Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Easy Italian Step-by-Step Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5
Related categories
Reviews for The Prince
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
The Prince - Niccolò Machiavelli
THE PRINCE
IL PRINCIPE
Bilingual Edition
English - Italian
Niccolo Machiavelli
translated by
William Kenaz Marriott
CHAPTER I — HOW MANY KINDS OF PRINCIPALITIES THERE ARE, AND BY WHAT MEANS THEY ARE ACQUIRED
Cap.1 Quot sint genera principatuum et quibus modis acquirantur. [Di quante ragioni sieno e’ principati, e in che modo si acquistino]
All states, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have been and are either republics or principalities.
Tutti li stati, tutti e' dominii che hanno avuto et hanno imperio sopra li uomini, sono stati e sono o repubbliche o principati.
Principalities are either hereditary, in which the family has been long established; or they are new.
E' principati sono o ereditarii, de' quali el sangue del loro signore ne sia suto lungo tempo principe, o e' sono nuovi.
The new are either entirely new, as was Milan to Francesco Sforza, or they are, as it were, members annexed to the hereditary state of the prince who has acquired them, as was the kingdom of Naples to that of the King of Spain.
E' nuovi, o sono nuovi tutti, come fu Milano a Francesco Sforza, o sono come membri aggiunti allo stato ereditario del principe che li acquista, come è el regno di Napoli al re di Spagna.
Such dominions thus acquired are either accustomed to live under a prince, or to live in freedom; and are acquired either by the arms of the prince himself, or of others, or else by fortune or by ability.
Sono questi dominii cosí acquistati, o consueti a vivere sotto uno principe, o usi ad essere liberi; et acquistonsi, o con le armi d'altri o con le proprie, o per fortuna o per virtù.
CHAPTER II — CONCERNING HEREDITARY PRINCIPALITIES
Cap.2 De principatibus hereditariis. [De’ principati ereditarii]
I will leave out all discussion on republics, inasmuch as in another place I have written of them at length, and will address myself only to principalities.
Io lascerò indrieto el ragionare delle repubbliche, perché altra volta ne ragionai a lungo.
In doing so I will keep to the order indicated above, and discuss how such principalities are to be ruled and preserved.
Volterommi solo al principato, et andrò tessendo li orditi soprascritti, e disputerò come questi principati si possino governare e mantenere.
I say at once there are fewer difficulties in holding hereditary states, and those long accustomed to the family of their prince, than new ones; for it is sufficient only not to transgress the customs of his ancestors, and to deal prudently with circumstances as they arise, for a prince of average powers to maintain himself in his state, unless he be deprived of it by some extraordinary and excessive force; and if he should be so deprived of it, whenever anything sinister happens to the usurper, he will regain it.
Dico, adunque, che nelli stati ereditarii et assuefatti al sangue del loro principe sono assai minori difficultà a mantenerli che ne' nuovi; perché basta solo non preterire l'ordine de' sua antinati, e di poi temporeggiare con li accidenti; in modo che, se tale principe è di ordinaria industria, sempre si manterrà nel suo stato, se non è una estraordinaria et eccessiva forza che ne lo privi, e privato che ne fia, quantunque di sinistro abbi l’occupatore, lo riacquista.
We have in Italy, for example, the Duke of Ferrara, who could not have withstood the attacks of the Venetians in '84, nor those of Pope Julius in '10, unless he had been long established in his dominions.
Noi abbiamo in Italia, in exemplis, el duca di Ferrara, il quale non ha retto alli assalti de' Viniziani nello 84, né a quelli di papa Iulio nel 10, per altre cagioni che per essere antiquato in quello dominio.
For the hereditary prince has less cause and less necessity to offend; hence it happens that he will be more loved; and unless extraordinary vices cause him to be hated, it is reasonable to expect that his subjects will be naturally well disposed towards him; and in the antiquity and duration of his rule the memories and motives that make for change are lost, for one change always leaves the toothing for another.
Perché el principe naturale ha minori cagioni e minore necessità di offendere: donde conviene che sia più amato; e se estraordinarii vizii non lo fanno odiare, è ragionevole che naturalmente sia benevoluto da' sua. E nella antiquità e continuazione del dominio sono spente le memorie e le cagioni delle innovazioni: perché sempre una mutazione lascia lo addentellato per la edificazione dell'altra.
CHAPTER III — CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES
Cap.3 De principatibus mixtis. [De’ principati misti]
But the difficulties occur in a new principality.
Ma nel principato nuovo consistono le difficultà.
And firstly, if it be not entirely new, but is, as it were, a member of a state which, taken collectively, may be called composite, the changes arise chiefly from an inherent difficulty which there is in all new principalities; for men change their rulers willingly, hoping to better themselves, and this hope induces them to take up arms against him who rules: wherein they are deceived, because they afterwards find by experience they have gone from bad to worse.
E prima, se non è tutto nuovo, ma come membro, che si può chiamare tutto insieme quasi misto, le variazioni sua nascono in prima da una naturale difficultà, la quale è in tutti e' principati nuovi: le quali sono che li uomini mutano volentieri signore, credendo migliorare; e questa credenza gli fa pigliare l'arme contro a quello; di che s'ingannono, perché veggono poi per esperienzia avere peggiorato.
This follows also on another natural and common necessity, which always causes a new prince to burden those who have submitted to him with his soldiery and with infinite other hardships which he must put upon his new acquisition. In this way you have enemies in all those whom you have injured in seizing that principality, and you are not able to keep those friends who put you there because of your not being able to satisfy them in the way they expected, and you cannot take strong measures against them, feeling bound to them. For, although one may be very strong in armed forces, yet in entering a province one has always need of the goodwill of the natives.
Il che depende da un’altra necessità naturale et ordinaria, quale fa che sempre bisogni offendere quelli di chi si diventa nuovo principe, e con gente d'arme, e con infinite altre iniurie che si tira dietro el nuovo acquisto; in modo che tu hai inimici tutti quelli che hai offesi in occupare quello principato, e non ti puoi mantenere amici quelli che vi ti hanno messo, per non li potere satisfare in quel modo che si erano presupposto e per non potere tu usare contro di loro medicine forti, sendo loro obligato; perché sempre, ancora che uno sia fortissimo in sulli eserciti, ha bisogno del favore de' provinciali a intrare in una provincia.
For these reasons Louis the Twelfth, King of France, quickly occupied Milan, and as quickly lost it; and to turn him out the first time it only needed Lodovico's own forces; because those who had opened the gates to him, finding themselves deceived in their hopes of future benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince.
Per queste ragioni Luigi XII re di Francia occupò subito Milano, e subito lo perdé; e bastò a torgnene, la prima volta le forze proprie di Lodovico; perché quelli populi che li aveano aperte le porte, trovandosi ingannati della opinione loro e di quello futuro bene che si avevano presupposto, non potevono sopportare e' fastidii del nuovo principe.
It is very true that, after acquiring rebellious provinces a second time, they are not so lightly lost afterwards, because the prince, with little reluctance, takes the opportunity of the rebellion to punish the delinquents, to clear out the suspects, and to strengthen himself in the weakest places.
È ben vero che, acquistandosi poi la seconda volta e' paesi rebellati, si perdono con più difficultà; perché el signore, presa occasione dalla rebellione, è meno respettivo ad assicurarsi con punire e' delinquenti, chiarire e' sospetti, provvedersi nelle parti più deboli.
Thus to cause France to lose Milan the first time it was enough for the Duke Lodovico to raise insurrections on the borders; but to cause him to lose it a second time it was necessary to bring the whole world against him, and that his armies should be defeated and driven out of Italy; which followed from the causes above mentioned.
In modo che, se a fare perdere Milano a Francia bastò, la prima volta, uno duca Lodovico che romoreggiassi in su' confini, a farlo di poi perdere la seconda li bisognò avere, contro, el mondo tutto, e che li eserciti sua fussino spenti o fugati di Italia: il che nacque dalle cagioni sopradette.
Nevertheless Milan was taken from France both the first and the second time.
Non di manco, e la prima e la seconda volta, li fu tolto.
The general reasons for the first have been discussed; it remains to name those for the second, and to see what resources he had, and what any one in his situation would have had for maintaining himself more securely in his acquisition than did the King of France.
Le cagioni universali della prima si sono discorse: resta ora a dire quelle della seconda, e vedere che remedii lui ci aveva, e quali ci può avere uno che fussi ne' termini sua, per potersi mantenere meglio nello acquisto che non fece Francia.
Now I say that those dominions which, when acquired, are added to an ancient state by him who acquires them, are either of the same country and language, or they are not.
Dico, per tanto che questi stati, quali acquistandosi si aggiungono a uno stato antiquo di quello che acquista, o sono della medesima provincia e della medesima lingua, o non sono.
When they are, it is easier to hold them, especially when they have not been accustomed to self-government; and to hold them securely it is enough to have destroyed the family of the prince who was ruling them; because the two peoples, preserving in other things the old conditions, and not being unlike in customs, will live quietly together, as one has seen in Brittany, Burgundy, Gascony, and Normandy, which have been bound to France for so long a time: and, although there may be some difference in language, nevertheless the customs are alike, and the people will easily be able to get on amongst themselves.
Quando e' sieno, è facilità grande a tenerli, massime quando non sieno usi a vivere liberi; et a possederli securamente basta avere spenta la linea del principe che li dominava, perché nelle altre cose, mantenendosi loro le condizioni vecchie e non vi essendo disformità di costumi, li uomini si vivono quietamente; come s’è visto che ha fatto la Borgogna, la Brettagna, la Guascogna e la Normandia, che tanto tempo sono state con Francia; e benché vi sia qualche disformità di lingua, non di manco e' costumi sono simili, e possonsi fra loro facilmente comportare.
He who has annexed them, if he wishes to hold them, has only to bear in mind two considerations: the one, that the family of their former lord is extinguished; the other, that neither their laws nor their taxes are altered, so that in a very short time they will become entirely one body with the old principality.
E chi le acquista, volendole tenere, debbe avere dua respetti: l'uno, che il sangue del loro principe antiquo si spenga; l'altro, di non alterare né loro legge né loro dazii; talmente che in brevissimo tempo diventa, con loro principato antiquo, tutto uno corpo.
But when states are acquired in a country differing in language, customs, or laws, there are difficulties, and good fortune and great energy are needed to hold them, and one of the greatest and most real helps would be that he who has acquired them should go and reside there. This would make his position more secure and durable, as it has made that of the Turk in Greece, who, notwithstanding all the other measures taken by him for holding that state, if he had not settled there, would not have been able to keep it.
Ma, quando si acquista stati in una provincia disforme di lingua, di costumi e di ordini, qui sono le difficultà; e qui bisogna avere gran fortuna e grande industria a tenerli; et uno de' maggiori remedii e più vivi sarebbe che la persona di chi acquista vi andassi ad abitare. Questo farebbe più secura e più durabile quella possessione: come ha fatto el Turco, di Grecia; il quale, con tutti li altri ordini osservati da lui per tenere quello stato, se non vi fussi ito ad abitare, non era possibile che lo tenessi.
Because, if one is on the spot, disorders are seen as they spring up, and one can quickly remedy them; but if one is not at hand, they are heard of only when they are great, and then one can no longer remedy them.
Perché, standovi, si veggono nascere e' disordini, e presto vi puoi rimediare; non vi stando, s'intendono quando sono grandi e non vi è più remedio.
Besides this, the country is not pillaged by your officials; the subjects are satisfied by prompt recourse to the prince; thus, wishing to be good, they have more cause to love him, and wishing to be otherwise, to fear him.
Non è, oltre a questo, la provincia spogliata da' tua officiali; satisfannosi e' sudditi del ricorso propinquo al principe; donde hanno più cagione di amarlo, volendo esser buoni, e, volendo essere altrimenti, di temerlo.
He who would attack that state from the outside must have the utmost caution; as long as the prince resides there it can only be wrested from him with the greatest difficulty.
Chi delli esterni volessi assaltare quello stato, vi ha più respetto; tanto che, abitandovi, lo può con grandissima difficultà perdere.
The other and better course is to send colonies to one or two places, which may be as keys to that state, for it is necessary either to do this or else to keep there a great number of cavalry and infantry.
L'altro migliore remedio è mandare colonie in uno o in duo luoghi che sieno quasi compedi di quello stato; perché è necessario o fare questo o tenervi assai gente d'arme e fanti.
A prince does not spend much on colonies, for with little or no expense he can send them out and keep them there, and he offends a minority only of the citizens from whom he takes lands and houses to give them to the new inhabitants; and those whom he offends, remaining poor and scattered, are never able to injure him; whilst the rest being uninjured are easily kept quiet, and at the same time are anxious not to err for fear it should happen to them as it has to those who have been despoiled.
Nelle colonie non si spende molto; e sanza sua spesa, o poca, ve le manda e tiene; e solamente offende coloro a chi toglie e' campi e le case, per darle a' nuovi abitatori, che sono una minima parte di quello stato; e quelli ch'elli offende, rimanendo dispersi e poveri, non li possono mai nuocere; e tutti li altri rimangono da uno canto inoffesi, e per questo doverrebbono quietarsi, dall'altro paurosi di non errare, per timore che non intervenissi a loro come a quelli che sono stati spogliati.
In conclusion, I say that these colonies are not costly, they are more faithful, they injure less, and the injured, as has been said, being poor and scattered, cannot hurt.
Concludo che queste colonie non costono, sono più fedeli, etoffendono meno; e li offesi non possono nuocere sendo poveri e dispersi, come è detto.
Upon this, one has to remark that men ought either to be well treated or crushed, because they can avenge themselves of lighter injuries, of more serious ones they cannot; therefore the injury that is to be done to a man ought to be of such a kind that one does not stand in fear of revenge.
Per il che si ha a notare che li uomini si debbono o vezzeggiare o spegnere; perché si vendicano delle leggieri offese, delle gravi non possono: sí che l'offesa che si fa all'uomo debbe essere in modo che la non tema la vendetta.
But in maintaining armed men there in place of colonies one spends much more, having to consume on the garrison all the income from the state, so that the acquisition turns into a loss, and many more are exasperated, because the whole state is injured; through the shifting of the garrison up and down all become acquainted with hardship, and all become hostile, and they are enemies who, whilst beaten on their own ground, are yet able to do hurt.
Ma tenendovi, in cambio di colonie, gente d'arme si spende più assai, avendo a consumare nella guardia tutte le intrate di quello stato; in modo che lo acquisto li torna perdita, et offende molto più, perché nuoce a tutto quello stato, tramutando con li alloggiamenti el