Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France
    Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France
    Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France
    Ebook519 pages7 hours

    Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France

    By Robert M. Schwartz

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    Robert Schwartz examines the French government's attempts to suppress mendicity from the reign of Louis XIV to the Revolution. His study provides a rich account of the evolution of poverty, the varied and shifting attitudes toward the delinquent poor, and the government's efforts to control mendicity by strengthening the state's repressive machinery during the eighteenth century. As Schwartz demonstrates, popular conceptions of the mendicant poor in the ancient regime increasingly focused on the threat that they presented to the rest of society, thereby opening the way for the central state to augment its authority and enhance its credibility by acting as the agent protecting the majority of the populace from its threat to public security.

    Government efforts to control the activity of the "unworthy poor" -- those of sound mind and body who were seen to prefer idleness over productive work -- were most pronounced during two periods of repressive policing, one in the early eighteenth century and the other in the last two decades before the Revolution. From 1724 to 1733 beggars were interned in hopitaux, existing municipal institutions intended for the care of the "worthy poor," including orphans, the infirm, and the aged. But from 1768 until the outbreak of the Revolution, more stringent measures were taken. Sturdy beggars and vagrants were confined apart from the worthy poor on specially established, royal workhouses called depots de mendicite, and in the case of some repeat offenders, were sentenced to the galleys.

    This stepped-up level of policing arose not only from royal administrators' long-standing view of mendicity as criminal activity; it was also made possible because the propertied classes had likewise come to believe the mendicant poor were a danger rather than a nuisance. Economic and demographic conditions combined to swell the ranks of paupers and vagrants, especially in the 1760s and 1770s, and social tensions, along with calls for government action, multiplied in proportion to their numbers. As villagers came to call upon the improved royal police for help, a popular mental association of the state with public security began to take root.

    In arriving at these conclusions, Schwartz concentrates on law enforcement in a single area, Lower Normandy, but continually provides a perspective on local events by putting them in the context of national trends and realities. He tells the story of the poor in eighteenth-century France in sympathetic terms, giving a human face to poverty and to the men who policed its effects.

    Originally published in 1987.

    A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherThe University of North Carolina Press
    Release dateOct 10, 2017
    ISBN9781469639888
    Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France
    Author

    Robert M. Schwartz

    Robert M. Schwartz is associate professor of history at Mount Holyoke College.

    Related to Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France

    Related ebooks

    European History For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      How To Alienate Good People

      Oct 28, 2021

      ON 7 OCTOBER, THE ARCHBISHOPS OF Canterbury and York announced the membership of a new Racial Justice Commission “to help [them] fulfil their commitments to identify, respond to, and root out systemic racism in the Church”. Its remit includes reviews

      5 min read

    • Article

      Dissection Of A Doomed Doctrine

      Oct 27, 2022

      IF YOU HAVE SPENT ANY TIME in leftist spaces over the past 20 years, you’ll have heard repeatedly that the cause of our many social and political ills is neoliberalism. It is rather like the experience of the great social anthropologist, E.E. Evans-P

      4 min read

    • Article

      ‘Working’ Is The Quintessential Biographer's Instruction Manual

      May 9, 2019

      Political biographer Robert A. Caro lays out his writing process as a memoir, revealing useful techniques and telling encounters from his career.

      3 min read

    • Article

      Jonah Goldberg: Defenders And Opponents Of Critical Race Theory Are Prone To Exaggeration

      Jul 9, 2021

      Put aside what you may have heard — pro or con — about terms such as systemic racism or critical race theory (CRT) for a moment. There’s a lot of exaggeration out there among both defenders and critics. Instead, let me tell you a story. After the civ

      3 min read

    • Article

      Can Civics Save America?

      May 15, 2021

      Can Civics Save America?
      9 min read

    • Article

      Are Revolutions Doomed To Failure?

      Jul 16, 2020

      Are Revolutions Doomed To Failure?
      8 min read

    • Article

      Learning Nothing from Yesterday

      Jun 18, 2019

      Learning Nothing from Yesterday
      4 min read

    • Article

      Malthus Was Not a Malthusian

      Jan 1, 2020

      Malthus Was Not a Malthusian
      13 min read

    • Article

      Jonah Goldberg: Times Owes An Explanation For 1619 Project Reversal

      Sep 25, 2020

      Something strange is going on with The New York Times and the 1619 Project. By now you’ve probably heard of the 1619 Project. It began as a special issue of The Times’ Sunday magazine to mark the 400th anniversary of African slaves being brought to t

      3 min read

    • Article

      Ask a Scientist: How to Disarm Disinformation

      Jun 8, 2022

      Given the pervasiveness of disinformation, I recently had the chance to talk with Dr. Marjanovic bilingual senior prganizer with the UCS Center for Science and Democracy, about her recent guide—Countering Disinformation in Your Community—and asked he

      5 min read

    • Article

      The American Crisis

      Sep 12, 2018

      The American Crisis
      5 min read

    • Article

      A Sense Of Community

      Sep 6, 2022

      Most of my waking hours in Calais are spent prepping vegetables in an industrial kitchen alongside friendly strangers. We shout our life stories to each other over upbeat music in a frenetic space where cooking aromas compete. The atmosphere lifts ou

      4 min read

    • Article

      Quiche Lorraine

      Mar 7, 2024

      Quiche Lorraine
      7 min read

    • Article

      Shockwaves Of Revolution

      Jul 8, 2021

      Shockwaves Of Revolution
      10 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France - Robert M. Schwartz

      Q4ebook_preview_excerpt.html}rY bH)f51LSA*6Mvm]CmS_{4EUVHpo~7/>|*.//^oç?>?Y|/k^ƯO7],OO^~ëOgdgO///WnM(Um]*/'O y?T7mvE(M*]SrƷh)xLnrյk??x杫u}#?tNvٹηl0s/c]DoU^H>̽PYM!O]嫙}㦡-z]}! qc9WPշaڸF˷u|{tœQxP<ǒYeJ\Y/C{i)Õ_2h"ѽG?ʅd\hS|<у__>,;iqq}qޓO<~z|(d}U&Żж0;ߍp A'THO"rCF3OA"JI4{Q^%<_:Y__OMf#=hPxXee= pht&sXJ0lC_M"L>z`Юnْ2HS |۰z8;Z BN+=U(獯nYޓMkt@moŽ F|e\#AE޻2Y*9mw9 cvr6ms_ʟo㯗7<+bd,^e݉iu]q7@,"{㞗u˭>bGn!YrpwB^ܵn7Dfy=>]//PpoDv$/q2ޏ^$P qY#GWs ]솹o\2'40sza~'&Ĝڿ jUz'O(}ʻ\Uϴ?GỺ2yB &g 0Mb69 76̋F?ϏTCWk ͤH_ˮ*;(4 Ehg@4$> nZ}ޏ"n#}ݶU1w=s$즥 ><:.ΪN+sXeqy8ZL/*P%x9)&'e=:oN`(S=[Tv-sS cx߲tc~joՊ4oE-M_PN{2^;j62Ss61xG{OuW|/t a?B}0񼏋^%hMXo#hB'w淌(gةY?lj"*sFSf8B*s*xHl4l%ǢٵRdT(Fy-Cd+AC&[Bߺ W {&K{[<#;c6B3i'VFf*?o`w޲uP)ONƓ=(S'RvKKY-K\8̙Sy:S]TeKt3L[}HH[Y)Ky2nOd)<\8ȩ7!~TcxC8)Y#D/8fNG$M#=x06$73Mp]bO??}B.q&dxHAD:]0EUhut)3&Uc9X{UhQk1!ˢ-2 ~޷]m8H]}u " q*mt;?*i4j<=.ʙf, ɖDot;F*#=8*,7GNESbw5'b_ g\6Y@ 䴸ݴwRwa"?#qdpSWP-Z ԡmmqALaqZ~2~16"nУ]kN7SŸ'{aHx0vɃ`{ ~K̛1>#'`{TNس>(T;f+cvCu%͢W5?ODoϾw =mdRɣx&'Zc88`ⷁQƗ `: opi𓡲 b D@Ih-O!o]yx\=8i>)1Dq9h\bσMr~<Wߩ߹]ب=qUS$MbL .d3+' VEAyp5$` Tvf՗n:\š86\Q+NR:,sA2~|_tuϹ> ~{Q;N_Ȯh-9׮,/3 ֫gtr'5^xwG?#fOo|Մul0me#}02ϊu-S(NgU(k%H1o( re kAd#F(ry矚pa((=ov9>}~?E,Ie[Rfp,@DE| +}uDhR\id c(&9\ |qwD ˞>8iunv~tJ$cr xxq' )֮;aܲ!MKeŊlTծܵ/jE޺\hߠWaX.I!ҲsJfKFty_eVuqVwD< OYV*@+Y㦩\_} _~Vu(6I]T&*[*Cт2n'h7D؅-_B!ry^^đ֋dƗخ:;϶D3\ C'Ƀ9EQ] ɢJ&zs]})9`RܼjlUz|lX$v펊K}K( 'z=w$_tVDݝ]YsLK9v+7@ u] n0qDck> i)l7)\.yw)YV5sMHp0]-'Xp-F&fWޓMUtb^/EjB 2N[e3\ο FHQ#IwlJTډכիq۫k@ ڈˏR(uߵW'$+M dRÖ_tFX9ų aL79ݏ䉾 B0[1RB B+mͽPG2/:[(\x08V0,t ۮ:drpGT[}yx5g1`$vܟAβlWce9U1Gu&8u}+n W v* hqÚ7 Cن\/b,z먐%%d;ȧY.B"\WՏN[XH/FF@c@ mRbbVF@yۮ";XH.ohd&2h]o5HVܦ=enryaTLԥ *5l#C|V䜷d db)P`[ 1 D5=6b]qc¿˶)@BBP#`! {ƾ Hn \bM Qc3f0G\L򀯮E HgC.=s ]fU MQpߠM:A+K/ f\il\Ou8vY 4^ a'Ur\]e"]x=th(%8S"R^[^lc@7Bl{Lh;9U%RA0Yҙ(CeSC?l9\ٟՄj xz.ݶM Fdty5xZ$  X!tޅ*_.ez ?[ j1я 'ZEB2͵6nFJkjPЌ64?d?7?5W86ZFX k̅NXYDhZZբ> w4 l @aTdN' ()1/d]Z N2DOס# ~yE @4I`^ dYli'~ޭL$O^ahu0kYW293~V6߱fz[ȃo\Q<4ˀO&h]2kVİm[NKץ v;e|kVLAS`#ZE*-K\̚ʹ(۩OFKB3ظ/ ]&ZnpbLo7RJ$O"纨 =9Ѡ޽_Tb60A Ѿ3Qp #\jh2Z6zD*% bLD9Fz_&;9 !P~"s.RꀤdKSz~fcGbozGbj!=G<PL ji֕Ϝ FMA:Wՙ B<1HU1eY}2ӝ,z?SѴ9@Hy8fZBVAqE [5/kӥa&Ûs%Գkc'^#⳹j-6 Ɋ9K1v% j (~uދ~9j9;JdD{j@eY&:6CFT*C)vM]*[#/Cne4mc%r`."Wrݛ^<;HdlIQ#ңF[<7k5:muzaGy?P1ϩVb^&HąG~B=)>{!/ ^U4:>7-VfUri r:$%4uu|Lܩ-zzbH$V14Ep q[g^뾉tR^S&>U E7x`/Z11n4rMS]I\vz~ #!B1fvK G2 )fn+Rm! 7 RDB̟"EÙ&v $Q^# lWGI%<^ӓ^Fu',7*4L27p4z9BENкXqa#xJ'^/ 2zэ=&iVT&,ô:utiS)8Ys#1LQNVTwX*^mbl UЊFBu@Tb@8 b5H"3d@ *֓qp 0)K#׿+5M4s\&ZHdGP& LNIUq'\.!7"2S_mlU/߈-k5SW`AG%M0zDm LҊ1P5ٺG^\aiMAY;3˲hǨHgM&}l_0zDV'o,0@|3s= RU ɗ1J0Lʚ%#!(:6%E>(*xR{Tݵ<"r& s@J4ctCH~)3NbTuÜV*CQ>ρI2wh(뿞<rjr q(T"{2vevP,GOr`ڠxcBbds/<~*7Z="bʥxdFܦ.a!GWEed%r4yF>֢jsT6fIN=sF߶c in!b2J(ţA<8[ rgeirrX$LM;DDWl9f!2 ?F'F'CU;EW}d\6TnPIt_YȻ 3eUАe=dӨ 3i$%ve*p&x,d"̄uUJ$C1шc JILBU3F w <ʨҙĬT9U9>R!e4LHJ|J\J$gsQ./sņnfZMxg!0p^F4=ΏjF."](hB Jan]g܄>kGRzNRhRPk鍈G"2:* |,d +[|ֿ'hUhFmgmhOH 1G$j4aA Zi'NV,V@(~OZdR?~W%ك4 S52 旧Z-cpHf)Q-`-Km~2gMB" k B2&:J?[bUJ0Tub̹7v :T2+"ܐ|Dz+bn70S˄ \6#s0rMV`AD2p |jOFc+F2@a!\H{ƿ5g2V023Bl*zl¯S1&jANS_4ǘT߳2$6=nkg3m y #Wgt歜$N:O?afH D:BV3[Fm+B#a>5L5ELs p1rOс\cD3nZXI⪽7a'5TI[pzuC& Gn 0X0n!{cb- =>%@Zʊj90 GkY -Px'ܗ~h0#sbgEPA," H ew 2y ɌSf}WD#iNo &Cm\/5($ bԲe6=)+#A31c9 #fnvB?NM"{_mG G1#X"FzݔvDr2 FjwPh8b[4|0n`wJkiI{u=]7յDStEɋ %~r2+X1$JJ+O")FWDG1!v%l`սbтh*cV.{ձ OO,ńO90Ԅ!9>z4EV+V1a&9jG-"ۡ&~29Z ){[w1CkDeIch[8!]5Q#@ &ihEJ+>Ћ3*P;*ib c`o&0I} J' p(Xi6{{l;H~Gix@SEF02p geM'rN$5%U?( gcA )e&X*/p~Tn*Tz>;}r%%f-7Il F5 eޱE(p(ށ$Q " D+KݏvVor3Khf!R. m̮`Xe6Ms˴)rd[+k7{S %IzwN;*ƹ\aC0q9(i"DC$sPb8(&V4M۵5 .4)"⏲z OP1ؠaE *:&1 z'mlhM\Hcv@ bO"f釲_Pa9H6|?{9BDkQhp# sh 4ϖ#&:{9e yG[%Sw#)ݶS F|9Smz^=&k|wzUHga+H#ZًOhԕg]]Gi$pl}H\E$;^7*I'V$`5΄F=Yυ-J.<1ɍGq ^V O5/&}{S/&2JγnpG M;~|? 2Ӝ>6Y6[Y!3hf}$bXaVk[O:,O;FVqX7&=`#J.,!O $#^ł5p R͡kԩ9 20] ʒ܏(՚cF:-͚ \A5ʉzWTcߋu$|ßAı>p|&W:P2kpG|َ#Ѹ"Ss.N;WRv7  hIo㥭TN :5S.mRp|$䳤hC)yH!GpgbUċzĬ: COuZ8UZ&3Mt,JK&/VC]Ӻ2޿̑BL/$UJo~ AVv"cV}v7 ޕODHzHįP493LP om7۷Q(A贄MBvm uM|3 %f=Bn!C,ds'FW%.%`2r6YnɼpU]PGU?O qN EDPw֤DSB߸ק#'Z{MdYP!d3|4o[_eJ VO K\ q}m2Osq[;kDrNVJ;WŶpWrG4.ҐWo{ǺYK)=ۃ6SJBd?b=p4ECvhqbDQ3LId,U{\Vh\ӓhM>EQ%KֵQ3]֢!s%Je& X{~ai5eҨϜ M$QqRL/)f _$.d2z!!2,Bb%z1_D?,૟?':F'JZ37&$0K{k|x8b-3yME4j];r;,J`>*8ؖɑK|cnn(u9!ym_ǐRdVx "[dHs1O$'fphٮJaXt8cBKXt*6}PkQ4\lw@ Y9/Eb1kj.^GA>) $7n= # 4ojKQg8J~,`ߦS~Z bMCT]vryxQ-T0F 1خǴ5= ?7 LֲZRncF},VMߦ=B2PP)ɶ#"efoRZʝ)EH(NĘn} 26)V0"j: u+%8$|D *:Ccu-5Ad_dH#J/3u AgV*CM]inb<{$aX|g#4C)P䰖M>*xe J^$i3S= [%/~-6Դq!kylϰlTz.ѼkH2$x,dڿ\rd[idQɰVʔK֎#^::\O ~euN"pQbFZ~uM}׭<ނ ݬlrN?*̃j\,jL[},)c 1Hbh$eT =S<!w30Ǐ` l@Vf~8l7~{>a;n d2؇K,~G60w;DYWZ C&͋. j)G@((֜QKf<Q22D|=l4\J|чV mvC`)L̴ALxUTJ]l[LmK*>Ɛ&/qE; vw|^F@Sשj(WvQ cR5D Yʀ]yVt񃵶)m.'U ƨ.xc9-E*%q372ò4j-l.b j2׺"G ț1Zt~~ބf@oP/*Gd?sH7kA]s YabW͢>~dVj Ax+S~҄%:I-&I+#k fi< !pkؔ|$&[ V6oi0?^{|j6-ռ*n/Of7opRLKFn}&lQO_,R>G[#h! ܶBq#b9s*՘$2v Ji_VڈgR\8A!o*5Gui&nt˙ƆHfbY8V{%Wo -`^>VhMH-!DvcE!8b6&EtUL.#v5ft~ڽE F?X2~/6f7tiE,ע'aZ_H&}^uv.)Z1MLI(jq=Z64ڪTqqi^:FE*Ĥ *{PTZmY-bͤ楱iD+Yj!"zvW µ˒-wԂmn/[9O-pPFnh~DNf>OBKmu?*T0 A13.I W 1EovSn)'͔vi/FeaQVs nXCPc+\~5*sPj=6Bu$S6t7BPz25H} hEe֛r762X2T hgt===5![O{\Ӭ׳/J Ohڔ"֛-uG-y l*zvvEfۼqp*;F&?8SY@UWkcrn&dCf>Vg|z 15 K%;d|i9]|u&tzZ2s >QDg#R6ҞNk%{:o>V<5mF k_g< ¾rC%\m*\1m N ע8%mpPV`(Q+(a2G@ގ`Z?&7 {JA="Sym[̄Ԩě3 0e:Yp<,C? ' Ai,DZp] 3Dh4@+H~&ySUrwpĮ)` ]FB76WYy'E+־ؼTe9:5z<(.&~I2:v&6iDpr)QQ'#wz4Y~Íi)&qd11/z+D'<~-R3ڸ05"' a? ly{R䅶 i^Һ;9?,$(- s٦$[V>~`و  Ǐ?Xs/MOo>eQg 9Dv}Z9@Zgޅ?IsDHpp\MgH3b2ܐE]_p4 d)gJ m2gHiR4 ABw,6mjK봇q*qrq"V5r77G7绨cJ \X{cZ'`[2QTt0f9 Ƞ(`=ĝ2^jMG3q2p؟>DjQ(x&sOl}gMRǀ=ڨE`:- FiwUJ-v=
      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1