What is the Difference Between: Similar Looking Alaska Animals
By Denise Saigh
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About this ebook
Denise Saigh
Denise Saigh has lived and traveled throughout Alaska as a fishery biologist, ecologist and an environmental scientist. She is involved in mushing, skijoring, telemarking, cross country and downhill skiing, mountain, rock and ice climbing, sea kayaking, fishing, scuba diving, biking, canoeing, hiking and flying. She has been involved with The Ninety-Nines: International Organization of Women Pilots, Alaska Mountain Rescue, X-C Ski Patrol, mushing clubs, bird treatment centers, science and environmental boards. Denise has taught skiing and camping to children and adults and taught biology, chemistry and art classes at the University of Alaska and Alaska Pacific University for 15 years.
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What is the Difference Between - Denise Saigh
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Birds
ARCTIC LOON
PACIFIC LOON
ARCTIC LOON
L 28 WS 45
WT 6 lb
Physical Features
Grey head and back of neck with red eyes Straight, slender long neck; round head and large pointed bill Black throat and white/black vertical striped chest Black/white vertical stripes on the neck meet the chest black/white stripes The black/white back is visible above the water line
Song High pitched, repeated rising oo-oowwee that is deeper than the Pacific Loon
Diet Dives for fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic vegetation
Predators Crow, raven bald eagles, and foxes
Lifespan 28 years
Summer Breeding
Nest: vegetation mound near tundra lakes
Female Breeding Age: 2–3 years
Lay: 1–3 eggs in May–June
Incubation: (male / female) 28–30 days
Fledge: 60–65 days
Alaska Habitat and Range
Freshwater ponds, tundra, and taiga
Seward Peninsula
Winter Migration
Coasts of the northeast Atlantic and eastern and western Pacific as far south as the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, China, and Japan
PACIFIC LOON
L 26 WS 46
WT 4 lb
Physical Features
Grey head and back of neck with red eyes Straight, slender long neck; round head, and large pointed bill Black throat and white/black vertical striped chest Black/white vertical stripes on the neck do not meet the chest black/white stripes
Song Mourning, rising repeated yodel oo-looeee
Diet Dives for fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic vegetation
Predators Crow, raven bald eagles, and foxes
Lifespan 30 years
Summer Breeding
Nest: edge of tundra lakes
Female Breeding Age: 2–4 years
Lay: 1–2 eggs in June
Incubation: (male / female) 23–25 days
Fledge: 60–65 days
Alaska Habitat and Range
Tundra, fresh water, and open oceans Coastal statewide
Winter Migration
Along the Pacific coast to Baja California
COMMON LOON
YELLOW-BILLED LOON
COMMON LOON
L 34 WS 54
WT 10 lb
Physical Features
Black head, white underparts, checkered black and white back, round head, and red eyes Triangular black and white neck band and a blackish blue bill held horizontally
Song Yodeled wheea-whee; 3 times Rising wail and whinnying alarm sound Male: often calls to female at night
Diet Freshwater diet: pike, perch, and trout Salt-water diet: rock fish, flounder, and herring Dive to 200 feet and stay submerged for 3 minutes
Predators Otters, bald eagles and ospreys
Lifespan 25 years
Summer Breeding
Nest: vegetation anchored
to bottom of lakes
Female Breeding Age: 3–4 years
Lay: 1–2 eggs in June
Incubation: (male / female) 26–31 days
Fledge: 75–80 days
Alaska Habitat and Range
Wooded lakes and rivers, tundra ponds and coastal waters Most of Alaska except the Arctic
Winter Migration
Between the Alaska arctic tundra to the Aleutians and east and west US coasts
YELLOW-BILLED LOON
L 34 WS 58
WT 11 lb
Physical Features
Black head, white underparts, checkered black and white backs, sloped head, and red eyes Straight black and white neck band and a pointed yellow bill Largest species of Loons
Song Similar to common loon but deeper
Diet Small fish, invertebrates, aquatic plants, insects, mollusks, frogs, crustaceans, and annelids Dive underwater to catch prey
Predators Gulls, jaegers and foxes
Lifespan 25 years
Summer Breeding
Nest: vegetation anchored to bottom of lakes
Female Breeding Age: 2–4 years
Lay: 2 eggs in May–June
Incubation: (male / female) 27–29 days
Fledge: 12 weeks
Alaska Habitat and Range
Tundra and freshwater lakes Northern coast
Winter Migration
Along the Pacific coast from the Aleutians to California
PELAGIC CORMORANT
RED FACED CORMORANT
PELAGIC CORMORANT
L 27 WS 39
WT 4 Ib
Physical Features
Metallic iridescence black feathers and feathered head White patch on rump Long thin light brown bill and black webbed feet
Song Croaking grunts while nesting
Diet Dive to 100 feet for bottom–living non-schooling fishes like sculpins, rockfish, and shrimp
Predators Ravens
Lifespan 18 years
Summer Breeding
Nest: cliffs on rocky shores and islands in colonies
Female Breeding Age: 2 years
Lay: 3–5 eggs in May–June
Incubation: (male / female) 25–37 days
Fledge: 50–60 days
Alaska Habitat and Range
Nests on steep cliffs along rocky and exposed shorelines, and breeds on western coast
Winter Migration
Aleutians, Southeast Alaska, and along US pacific coast
RED FACED CORMORANT
L 30 WS 46
WT 4.5 lb
Physical Features
Black to violet colored feathers, bright red face patch around eye, and feathered