Renewable Energy Integration: Practical Management of Variability, Uncertainty, and Flexibility in Power Grids

By Lawrence E. Jones

Renewable Energy Integration: Practical Management of Variability, Uncertainty, and Flexibility in Power Grids, Second Edition, offers a distilled examination of the intricacies of integrating renewables into power grids and electricity markets. It offers informed perspectives from internationally renowned experts on related challenges and solutions based on demonstrated best practices developed by operators around the world. The book's focus on practical implementation of strategies provides real-world context for the theoretical underpinnings and the development of supporting policy frameworks. The second edition considers myriad integration issues, thus ensuring that grid operators with low or high penetration of renewable generation can leverage the best practices achieved by their peers. It includes revised chapters from the first edition as well as new chapters.

• Lays out the key issues around the integration of renewables into power grids and markets, from the intricacies of operational and planning considerations to supporting regulatory and policy frameworks.
• Provides updated global case studies that highlight the challenges of renewables integration and present field-tested solutions and new Forewords from Europe, United Arab Emirates, and United States.
• Illustrates technologies to support the management of variability, uncertainty, and flexibility in power grids.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Academic Press
• Release date: Jun 16, 2017
• ISBN: 9780128097687

Lawrence E. Jones

Dr. Lawrence E. Jones, a recognized thought leader and practitioner has over twenty-five years of experience in the energy industry. His expertise includes renewable energy integration, and the application of smarter technologies in the engineering, design and operations of energy systems and other critical infrastructures. He also focuses on system resilience, disruptive and innovative business and regulatory models, and strategies for addressing challenges to harnessing the opportunities at the food-energy-water nexus. Dr. Jones received the Renewable Energy World’s 2012 Award for Leadership in Technology, and the Utility Variable-Generation Integration Group 2012 Achievement Award. He is Vice President at the Edison Electric Institute, and Honorary Industry Fellow at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia.

Book preview

Renewable Energy Integration

Practical Management of Variability, Uncertainty, and Flexibility in Power Grids

Second Edition

Editor

Lawrence E. Jones

Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Praise for the Second Edition of Renewable Energy Integration

Praise for the First Edition of Renewable Energy Integration

Dedication

About the Editor

About the Contributors

Foreword from the USA

Foreword from Europe

Foreword from United Arab Emirates

Foreword from Europe (First Edition)

Foreword from the USA (First Edition)

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Overview of chapters

Who should read this book

How to read this book

Part 1. Policy and Regulation

Chapter 1. The Journey of Reinventing the European Electricity Landscape

1. Background

2. The Energy Union

3. Renewable integration in Europe—challenges and policy responses

4. Trends and future outlook

Chapter 2. Policies for Accommodating Higher Penetration of Variable Energy Resources (VERs)—U.S. Outlook and Perspectives

1. Recent renewable deployment trends

2. Technical challenges posed by wind generation for power system operation and planning

3. Economic challenges associated with high wind energy—the potential for curtailment

4. Transmission development for wind integration—challenges and success stories

5. FERC Order 764 on VER Integration

6. The future of renewable development in the United States

Chapter 3. Harnessing and Integrating Africa's Renewable Energy Resources

1. Introduction

2. Background and context

3. Sub-Saharan Africa in the global energy transition

4. The way forward

5. Conclusion

Part 2. Modeling of Variable Energy Resources

Chapter 4. Multi-Dimensional, Multi-Scale Modeling and Algorithms for Integrating Variable Energy Resources in Power Networks: Challenges and Opportunities

1. Power system dimensions and scales

2. Modeling and analysis

3. Optimization and control

4. Data handling and visualization

5. Integrated multi-dimensional analytics platforms

6. Conclusions

Chapter 5. Scandinavian Experience of Integrating Wind Generation in Electricity Markets

1. Introduction

2. The transmission system operators

3. The Baltic-Nordic spot market

4. Price zones

5. Day-ahead grid congestion management: market splitting

6. Maintaining the security of supply: regulating energy

7. Regulating energy and the security of supply: making the wind turbines part of the solution

8. Other mechanisms and policies for integrating wind in electricity markets

9. Efficient and nonefficient multistate markets (EU as a case)

10. Conclusion: The moral of the spot case from Northern Europe

Chapter 6. Case Study–Renewable Integration: Flexibility Requirement, Potential Overgeneration, and Frequency Response Challenges

1. ISO real-time market overview

2. Renewable generation effects in the ISO real-time market

3. Flexibility requirement

4. Intrahour flexibility requirement

5. Potential overgeneration problems

6. Inertia and frequency response

7. Sensitivities

Part 3. Variable Energy Resources in Power System and Market Operations

Chapter 7. Analyzing the Impact of Variable Energy Resources on Power System Reserves

1. Reserve types

2. Reserves and energy markets

3. European vs North American reserve definitions

4. Probabilistic methods for setting reserve requirements

5. Determining VER impacts on reserve requirements through power system modeling

6. Discussion

7. Summary

Chapter 8. Advances in Market Management Solutions for Variable Energy Resources Integration

1. Introduction

2. Wholesale electricity markets and market management systems overview

3. Market operation challenges from VER integration

4. Advances in market management solutions for VER integration

5. Conclusion

Chapter 9. Integrating Renewables in Australia: Policies, Market Design, and System Operations

1. Background

2.. Integrating renewables

3. Integrating renewable technologies

4. Integration: where markets meet policy and subsidies

5. The summer of 2016/2017

Part 4. Forecasting Renewables

Chapter 10. Forecasting Renewable Energy for Grid Operations

1. Introduction

2. Forecast applications in grid operations

3. Forecasting wind and solar energy: the basics

4. Emerging forecasting products

5. Looking ahead

Chapter 11. Incorporating Forecast Uncertainty in Utility Control Center

1. Introduction

2. Sources of uncertainty and variability

3. Overall uncertainty characteristics

4. Probabilistic operations and planning

5. Three levels of uncertainty integration in operations

6. Example: California ISO ramp uncertainty prediction tool

7. Conclusions

Part 5. Connecting Renewable Energy to Power Grids

Chapter 12. Global Power Grids for Harnessing World Renewable Energy

1. Introduction

2. Stages toward a global power grid

3. The global grid: an illustration

4. Harvesting RESs from remote locations

5. Interconnecting two continents over remote RES locations

6. Intercontinental interconnections by direct lines

7. Discussion

8. Conclusions

Appendix A. Cable cost projections

Appendix B. Electricity trade between Europe and the USA: detailed analysis

Chapter 13. Practical Management of Variable and Distributed Resources in Power Grids

1. Preface

2. The early history of high-voltage direct current transmission

3. HVDC for cable transmission

4. HVDC for bulk power transmission

5. Improved stability of the AC system by introducing HVDC

6. Voltage source converter versus line commutated converter

7. Large-scale variable generation integration

8. Taking DC to lower power transmission levels

9. Conclusion

Chapter 14. Integrating New and Renewable Energy in the GCC Region

1. Background: demand challenges and changing environment in the Gulf Cooperation Council

2. The GCC interconnection super grid

3. Utilizing the GCC interconnection HVDC link for increasing securing of supply and managing variability

4. Facilitating the integration of renewable energy in the GCC and beyond

Part 6. System Flexibility

Chapter 15. Operational Flexibility of Power Systems

1. Operational flexibility in power systems

2. Definition and metrics of operational flexibility

3. Modeling power system flexibility via the power nodes modeling framework

4. Assessment and visualization of operational flexibility

5. Aggregation of operational flexibility

6. Conclusion

Chapter 16. Grid Integration of Renewables in India

1. Introduction

2. Policy initiatives

3. Regulatory initiatives

4. Transmission initiatives

5. Grid management initiatives

6. Concluding remarks

Chapter 17. The Danish Case: Taking Advantage of Flexible Power in an Energy System with High Wind Penetration

1. Introduction

2. Distribution of generator capacity in Denmark

3. The Danish markets for balancing the electricity system

4. Wind is a part of the balancing solution—not the problem

5. Case example: an hour with negative prices for downward regulation

6. Decentralized combined heat and power plants are a part of the balancing solution

7. Conclusions and recommendations based on the Danish experience

Part 7. Demand Response and Distributed Energy Resources

Chapter 18. DM for Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: A Northwest Perspective

1. Role of demand management in integrating variable energy resources

2. DM in the Northwest today

3. Future of DM in the Northwest

4. Thoughts on the way forward

Chapter 19. Case Study: Demand-Response and Alternative Technologies in Electricity Markets

1. Overview of PJM wholesale market

2. Opportunities for demand-response in the wholesale market

3. PJM experience with demand-response

4. Experience with alternative technologies in the wholesale market

5. Potential future evolution for demand-response and alternative technologies

Chapter 20. The Implications of Distributed Energy Resources on Traditional Utility Business Model

1. The evolution of traditional utility business model

2. Gradual transformation of the ESI

3. Why the rise of distributed energy resources?

4. Rethinking the fundamentals

5. New definition of service

6. Responding to disruptive technologies

7. Conclusions

Part 8. Energy Storage

Chapter 21. Energy Storage in the United States

1. Introduction

2. Will energy storage be a game changer and revolutionize the electric power sector?

3. Bringing barriers down: facilitating market access and building financial viability while improving reliability

4. Conclusion: a better way to promote change in the electric power sector?

Chapter 22. Salisbury Residential Battery Trial

1. The South Australian context

2. Emerging technology

3. Battery and solar PV economics

4. Objectives of the Salisbury trial

5. Design of the Salisbury trial

6. Trial outcomes

7. Towards implementing battery storage integration

8. Salisbury trial observations

Chapter 23. Energy Storage and the Need for Flexibility on the Grid

1. Energy storage as an integral part of the grid

2. An ecosystem of technologies enabling flexibility

3. Conclusions

Part 9. Variable Energy Resources in Island Power Systems

Chapter 24. Renewables Integration on Islands

1. Introduction

2. Lessons from renewable integration in larger systems

3. Small scale of islands magnifies the challenges

4. Change in approach

5. Conclusion

Chapter 25. Intentional Islanding of Distribution Network Operation with Mini Hydrogeneration

1. Introduction

2. Case study

3. Intentional islanding

4. Conclusions

Part 10. Solar Energy Integration

Chapter 26. Economic and Reliability Benefits of Solar Plants

1. Introduction

2. Technology categories and production characteristics

3. Overview of valuation methods

4. Survey of research and operational results

5. Conclusions

Chapter 27. German Renewable Energy Sources Pathway in the New Century

1. Introduction

2. Increasing challenges of RES integration into the German electricity system

3. Future outlook

Part 11. Enabling and Disruptive Technologies for Renewable Integration

Chapter 28. Control of Power Systems with High Penetration Variable Generation

1. Introduction and motivation

2. The case for advanced control methodologies

3. The roles of inertial response, primary control, and secondary control: past and future

4. Frequency regulation in power systems

5. Optimal control design

6. Distributed control design for practical implementation

7. Case study results: multiobjective evaluation of optimal control performance

8. Conclusions

Chapter 29. Enhancing Situation Awareness in Power Systems: Overcoming Uncertainty and Variability with Renewable Resources

1. Introduction

2. Optimizing situation awareness in power system tool designs

3. The future of SA in grid operations

Chapter 30. Managing Operational Uncertainty through Improved Visualization Tools in Control Centers with Reference to Renewable Energy Providers

1. Introduction

2. Background on SCADA, remote terminal units, and protocols

3. Current IEC 60870-5-101 situation

4. SCADA alarm processing

5. Situational awareness platform

6. Abnormal state notification

7. Benefits of situational awareness visualization platforms

8. Conclusion

Chapter 31. Monitoring and Control of Renewable Energy Sources using Synchronized Phasor Measurements

1. Introduction

2. Real-time monitoring using synchrophasors

3. Detection tools for wind farm oscillation monitoring

4. Testing and validation

5. Conclusions

Chapter 32. Every Moment Counts: Synchrophasors for Distribution Networks with Variable Resources

1. Introduction

2. Variability, uncertainty, and flexibility in distribution networks

3. Microsynchrophasor technology

4. Applications for μPMU measurements

5. Moving forward

Future Outlook

Index

Copyright

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Praise for the Second Edition of Renewable Energy Integration

Like many other industries, the energy sector is undergoing a transformation. As a number of countries strive to reduce the environmental footprint of their energy production, new technologies are opening up unforeseen possibilities and challenging the status quo. There is no doubt that renewable energy, including hydropower, is part of the solution. This work brings together a wide range of information and visions to better understand the importance of developing and integrating various sources of clean energy to ensure the long-term viability of our industry and to help society move toward sustainability. In short, this forward-looking work will educate and equip readers for the future.

Éric Martel, President and Chief Executive Officer, Hydro-Québec

We are living through a second Renaissance. And as this, the second edition of Renewable Energy Integration, makes clear, nowhere are the possibilities and stakes of this Renaissance moment clearer than in our energy infrastructure. Now is a moment, like 500 years ago, when humanity sets out on brave new voyages of discovery—voyages whose outcome is uncertain. This book takes what we have found so far from these voyages and expertly compiles the definitive map of the renewable energy landscape as we now know it: from Africa, to India, to Denmark and California; from pumped hydro to compressed air storage; from market management systems to smart grid operations; from residential batteries to global power distribution. It is a must-read for every captain, every pilot of our energy renaissance.

Dr. Chris Kutarna, Author, Age of Discovery: Navigating the Risks and Rewards of Our New Renaissance

The universal agreement on a set of sustainable development goals reached in 2015 puts at its heart the need for sustainable energy for all including a commitment to achieve universal access to affordable, reliable, modern energy. At the heart of closing the energy access gap, providing energy services for the 1 billion people who lack access to electricity today, is off-grid renewable energy. By supporting energy systems that allow for a thriving off-grid energy market to operate alongside grids, countries can exploit new renewable energy technologies at low prices and new business models to reach those that have always been considered the last mile, first. Integration offers a cheaper, quicker way to end energy poverty.

Rachel Kyte, Chief Executive Officer, SE4ALL and Special Representative of the UN Secretary General

Today, one-third of U.S. power generation comes from zero-emissions sources—nuclear energy and renewables, such as hydropower, wind, and solar. As this trajectory continues, the topics covered in the second edition of Renewable Energy Integration are center stage. This book provides practical examples of the electric power industry's evolutionary transformation, as electric companies work to deliver the energy future that customers want and expect in ways that continue to enhance reliability and affordability. The insights in this book provide greater understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing the electric power industry as it continues to integrate renewables—in both developed and developing countries.

Thomas R. Kuhn, President, Edison Electric Institute

Renewable energy is changing the electricity market and electric power systems at a phenomenal rate. This has profound consequences not only on grid operation but also on economy, market, and customer behavior and awareness. This is an outstanding book that offers a global view of renewable energy. In 33 chapters, internationally leading professionals describe experiences and consequences related to physics, systems modeling, grid and island operations, and integration, as well as market, policy, and regulation issues. This is a must-read book for all power system professionals, planners, managers, engineers, or researchers who want to understand the impact of renewable energy.

Gustaf Olsson, Professor in Industrial Automation, Lund University, Sweden

This is a sweeping, essential reference work by a highly distinguished group of experts examining every important facet of renewable energy integration.

Peter Fox-Penner, Professor and Director, Boston University Institute for Sustainable Energy

I am very pleased to be asked to comment on this second edition as I was asked for the first edition. This topic of efficient integration of renewable energy is one of the most important in terms of securing a rapid transition to less carbon-intensive energy systems. It is also one of those key issues governments around the world are devoting a lot of attention to; and rightly so as this will increasingly prove crucial to securing a lower-carbon footprint of the power and sectors. The challenges and opportunities are well brought out by the rich analyses offered in this edition, whether devoted to particular topics or more country-specific studies. Flexibility, market design, technological solutions, dynamic components of a modern energy system—whatever your focus area, this volume provides insights for you. I recommend you dive in.

Christian Pilgaard Zinglersen, Head of the Clean Energy Ministerial Secretariat at the International Energy Agency

The last decade has seen exponential growth of renewable energy resources for the power grid. This text provides a timely and comprehensive perspective on not only engineering concerns but also policy issues and market incentives to allow the large-scale integration of renewables. The second edition provides a valuable update to the first edition as the primary integration issues are rapidly evolving under higher penetration levels and as practical experience has been gained around the world.

Kevin Tomsovic, Professor and Director of CURENT an NSF/DOE Engineering Research Center, University of Tennessee

Well done! Dr. Lawrence Jones has the merit of addressing both the technical and economic aspects of the practical aspects of integrating renewables, which the excitement and euphoria generated by the development of renewable energies do not allow to evoke substantially. The new issues, such as storage that this edition analyzes, give us the opportunity to harness the huge endowment of renewable resources in Africa. Read this book with circumspection to benefit most from it.

Eng. Abel Didier Tella, Director General, Association of Power Utilities of Africa

As we continue to live in interesting times, our sector bears unique challenges to energy security, resource management, and energy access. The global journey and in-depth array of insights from the thought leaders included in this edition are extremely helpful. It highlights the impact of federal and state policies critical to integrating variable energy resources. There is a need for flexibility on the grid for reliability and enhanced situational awareness. These renewable sources all have to operate in a competitive power market. I believe this book illustrates well that the addition of incremental renewable sources has economic benefit and will add to the resiliency of the grid.

Hon. Vicky A. Bailey, Former Assistant Secretary, International Affairs and Domestic Policy, Department of Energy, and Former Commissioner, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

What started as a wave of additions of central station renewables (primarily wind and solar) onto the bulk power system has in recent years morphed into the addition of a whole family of distributed energy resources (DERs). Some are variable (e.g., rooftop solar) and some can mitigate variability and make the grid more resilient (e.g., storage, microgrids and combined heat and power). Even the long-standing effort to promote energy efficiency now can have a locational and temporal value. All of these resources must be integrated, managed, and valued. Dr. Jones, in his second edition of Renewable Energy Integration, has again assembled a unique team of experts to address the technical, regulatory, and business model challenges posed by the technology revolutions happening in the energy sector. The book also takes a global perspective, with case studies illustrating how different countries and regions are tackling these issues. Very informative!

Philip Mihlmester, Executive Vice President-Global Energy, ICF

Lawrence Jones has done it again! The first edition of this book was already a success in terms of pulling together a diverse array of experts who provided broad insights on many aspects of renewable integration. This second edition goes a couple of steps further, confirming (if needed) Lawrence's incredible ability to network people around a common cause. The world is definitely heading toward higher, if not 100%, penetration of renewables. This development is accelerated by the fast-track deployment of new cost-effective technologies and the growing appetite of consumers and businesses for renewable power for a sustainable future. But this is just the beginning. The changes afoot in the industry over the next 10–15 years will provide an incredible opportunity for mankind. I am thoroughly convinced that, collectively, our global community will fully participate in and support the greening of the economy and of the energy sector, notwithstanding a few bumps along the way. Enjoy reading!

Pierre Bernard, Founder and Managing Partner, Bernard Energy Advocacy, and Chairman Friends of the Supergrid

Dr. Lawrence Jones and the exceptional team of expert contributors have made an outstanding effort to write this timely must-read book, which will serve as a great reference source for future innovations, state-of-the-art technology adoption, and integration of renewable energy in power grids for a sustainable future.

Dr. Anil K. Garg, President, World Renewable Energy Technology Congress, and CEO of Energy and Environment Foundation Delhi, India

Embracing renewable resources has emerged as an important grid strategy, aside from decarbonization. Wind and solar resources have become the least-cost supply options for many electric utilities. Undoubtedly, more utilities will encounter renewable integration technical challenges in the future. A big mahalo to Lawrence Jones for advancing our understanding how to better integrate higher penetrations of intermittent renewable resources, as Hawaii advances toward our 100% renewable energy goal.

Michael Champley, Former Commissioner, Hawaii Public Utilities Commission

This book hits the mark on some of the significant factors for the proper integration of renewable and distributed technologies to the power grid. It is a great read and enhances the first edition with important additions on energy storage, a potentially transformative technology. Dr. Lawrence Jones continues to make major contributions to elevate the discussion surrounding renewable technologies and the evolving power grid by assembling the views of strategic thought leaders on an essential topic. Well done!

David Owens, Retired Executive Vice President, Edison Electric Institute

This second edition of Renewable Energy Integration comes in the nick of time, as global energy systems are transformed before the eyes of policy makers and industry professionals. For Australians witnessing world leading rates of rooftop solar penetration and South Australia's variable renewable energy levels exceeding 40% of supply, the scope of the book is appropriately ambitious and practical. It identifies emerging issues and leading practice in forecasting and visualization; system flexibility; grid codes; the blurring interface of transmission and distribution system operations; and the orchestration of distributed energy resources including storage. This invaluable guide illustrates that enabling low-cost, low-carbon energy sources at scale was just the first challenge—the real feat will be in integrating renewable resources within a remade energy ecosystem.

John Bradley, Chief Executive Officer, Energy Networks Australia

This second edition of Renewable Energy Integration provides timely, critical insights to the rapidly evolving landscape of power systems that incorporate increasing amounts of renewable energy technologies. In just a few short years since the first edition, renewables have become least-cost resources in many parts of the world, and integration knowledge has advanced considerably. This important book is a must-have for academics, practitioners, and decision makers.

Dr. Doug Arent, Executive Director, Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

The knowledge and experience on how to manage massive deployment of cost-efficient renewable power in electricity grids are not available everywhere. The value of books describing how to do this has immense value in parts of the world where experience does not exist. This book deserves to be widely read as it is conveying experience and analysis in a clear and useful way. It may speed up utilization of low-cost energy and thereby provide for economic development in regions where old habits and perceptions may delay progress.

Tomas Kåberger, Executive Board Chairman, Renewable Energy Institute

The last half century of the renewable energy story has been largely defined by the drive to improve the cost-effectiveness of renewable generation resources. As the cost competitiveness question has now been sufficiently answered, the next looming challenge (and opportunity) is the depth of renewable integration across existing and new energy networks, globally. Dr. Jones's book should serve as an indispensable and approachable resource for those in the public and private sectors, seeking to deal with a complex set of policy, technical, and operational challenges, on the next phase in the journey toward a greater renewable energy future.

Jarett Carson, Managing Director, EnerTech Capital

In the UK we have seen a rapid increase in renewable generation connected to our distribution networks in recent years. This has presented not only challenges for network companies but also opportunities to work more innovatively and use new technologies to deliver benefits to all customers. The challenges of renewable integration are common across the world as we move to a more sustainable energy future, and this volume provides valuable insights from a wide range of experts making an important contribution to this transition.

David Smith, Chief Executive, Energy Networks Association

Praise for the First Edition of Renewable Energy Integration

In order to double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix – one of the three goals of the UN Sustainable Energy for All initiative - there will need to be tools and methods for integrating high levels of variable renewable electricity into power systems and markets worldwide. This book makes an important contribution to the regulatory, operations, economic and technical aspects of that challenge. By bringing together cutting edge approaches, Dr. Jones has done much of the hard work for us. It is an extraordinary snapshot of the state-of-the-art, and I am very glad to recommend it to decision-makers in both industrialized and emerging economies alike.

Dr. Kandeh Yumkella, Under Secretary of the United Nations, Special Representative to the United Nations Secretary General, and CEO for UN Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) Initiative General of the United Nations, Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All)

With the demand for water, food and energy growing beyond all measure and with the supply of these inextricably linked ‘resource spheres’ under increasing threat, we are facing what many experts predict will be a ‘perfect storm’. The threat to human life, as well as to whole sectors of the economy, is very real. Renewable energy can be a vital part of the solution and if this comprehensive and authoritative set of essays can help to accelerate both the generation and integration of renewable energy supplies then it will have served an invaluable purpose.

Paul Polman, Chief Executive Officer of Unilever, and Chairman, World Business Council for Sustainable Development

A typically outstanding effort by Dr. Jones and his assembled expert authors. A timely, must read for managing the energy trifecta of addressing climate concerns and energy poverty while maintaining economic viability and promoting more secure, reliable and sustainable fuel choices. The chapters deal head on with the key issues of the day (VER, storage, distributed energy, etc.) and suggest that while we should enjoy the success of the unconventionals revolution, we need to use the breathing space this moment provides to seriously move on to more sustainable energy forms.

Frank Verrastro, Senior Vice President and James Schlesinger Chair for Energy & Geopolitics, Center for Strategic and International Studies

Bravo! This book is an important resource. As renewable energy plays an increasingly important role in electric grids in the years ahead, this rich volume will help policymakers, utility executives, technology providers and many more.

David Sandalow, Inaugural Fellow, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University

The efficient integration of renewable energy is one of the most important challenges posed by the move towards sustainable energy systems. Renewable energy challenges the norms and traditions accumulated over the last century, and it requires new dynamic approaches that match the needs and requirements of a modern, sustainable power system. Many of these issues are considered in this publication, which gives new insights into how power systems can move forward and provide society with clean, reliable and affordable electricity.

Christian Pilgaard Zinglersen, Deputy Permanent Secretary, Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building

The use of renewable energy in modern power systems has accelerated rapidly in recent years – beyond what some skeptics thought possible. There could not be a more timely topic than the practical integration of these resources into large-scale grids. This collection of expert guidance is not only valuable now, but surely will need a fresh edition on an annual basis for the foreseeable future as technology continues to evolve.

Reid Detchon, Vice President, United Nations Foundation, and Executive Director, Energy Futures Coalition

Dr. Lawrence Jones has assembled an exceptional team of experts to provide deep insights into the challenges of fully leveraging renewable generation across the globe. This book will serve as a great reference source for interested readers from all levels of knowledge regardless of their area of interest. From policy to engineering to operations, it has insights for all. Innovation in the electric energy sector offers great promise for clean, reliable, resilient and affordable power across the globe, however this same innovation is increasing the complexity of an already complex system. This book gives the reader an introduction into this promise as well as into the complexity that it will bring.

Becky Harrison, Chief Executive Officer, GridWise Alliance

Transitioning our power system to clean, renewable energy is one of the most important challenges of our lifetime. In many ways the task is familiar, as since the days of Edison and Westinghouse grid operators have accommodated fluctuating electricity demand and abrupt power plant failures to keep electricity supply and demand in balance. From remote Pacific islands to mainland Europe, Jones insightfully spans the globe to distill the success stories of grid operators who now reliably obtain more than a quarter of their electricity from wind and solar energy. The path forward for integrating even higher levels of renewable energy is clear, and we have the technology to do it today.

Rob Gramlich, Senior Vice President, American Wind Energy Association

Electrical systems around the world are undergoing radical change due to the rapid growth of solar and wind energy. We must modernize the grid to make it compatible with these critically important energy sources. This collection provides real-world examples of how the power sector, and society’s leaders generally, can achieve this goal, which is key to energy security, environmental protection, and economic progress.

Andrew L. Shapiro, Founder & Partner, Broadscale Group

As the world searches for pathways towards a sustainable and inclusive energy future, one of the fundamental opportunities lies in ensuring that renewable energy technologies meet their vast potential. To that end, it has become evident that we need to urgently address the tools, regulations, and operational and institutional issues that will serve to elegantly integrate renewable energy generation into the wider power system. Through rigorous analysis and sensitively designed contributions, Dr. Jones has brought us a book on just the right topic at just the right time. It clearly and coherently presents the state-of-the-art on this complex set of issues, and provides us with the confidence that these challenges can be addressed.

Dr. Morgan Bazilian, Adjunct Professor, Sustainable Engineering Lab, Columbia University

To simultaneously address climate change and meet the needs of the global poor for clean energy, renewable energy on a very large scale will have to play a central role. This book provides a detailed response to the central challenge in making this dream a reality: how to integrate clean but intermittent energy sources within utility systems that require a high degree of central planning and coordination.

Alan Miller, Principal Climate Change Specialist, International Finance Corporation (retired)

Solar and wind power is growing around the globe. Merits are obvious; fuel free electricity production is advantageous in terms of climate footprint and absence of other pollutants. However, integration of these variable power sources is challenging. This book is a comprehensive collection of contributions ranging from very technical challenges to market models and policies for this new era of electricity. Read and you will broaden and deepen your expertise in how to best integrate renewables in our power systems.

Dr. Magnus Olofsson, President, Elforsk—Swedish Electrical Utilities’ Research & Development Company

Great book! Lawrence Jones has managed to capture the most important renewable energy topics in a single volume, and he has done so through the contributions of working experts in each topic. If you are interested in renewable energy integration, this book captures the current state-of-the-art for the entire field.

Mark Ahlstrom, CEO WindLogics

Renewable generation is becoming ever more prolific. The timing of this book is perfect. It combines practical examples with theory and will guide decision makers dealing with today’s issues as well as those seeking ways to deal with tomorrow’s challenges. The lessons learned will help avoid pitfalls and provide insight and inspiration. The topics covered are relevant to both developed and developing countries, those countries starting from a low renewables base as well as those with high proportions of renewables.

Eric Pyle, Chief Executive New Zealand Wind Energy Association

The timing of the publication is just perfect. Renewable energy has gone mainstream globally i.e. 45 GW of new wind installations in 2013. The content and focus of this remarkable book is both unique and demanding. It’s all about integration: of markets, physical infrastructure, policies. This integrated approach is as often lacking in current debates as it is needed for progress. And the design both of the modern electricity markets and a modern grid are crucial for a transition to safer, cleaner energy world of the future. No transition without transmission, and no communication without electrification. Reading this book you might learn how integration can accelerate the transition.

Dr. Klaus Rave, Chairman Global Wind Energy Council

With wind and solar energy expanding at an ever-quickening pace, the time is right for a thorough and cross-disciplinary assessment of the integration challenge. This book hits the mark, with the industry’s leading experts addressing a wide assortment of topics that are central to managing higher shares of variable generation.

Dr. Ryan H. Wiser, Staff Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Renewable Energy Integration is a critically needed and wonderfully comprehensive book that highlights the next frontier; not how much renewable energy potential exists, but how to most effectively and seamlessly merge this new power system with the old one.

Daniel Kammen, Class of 1935 Distinguished Professor of Energy, University of California, Berkeley

Understanding the intricacies discussed in Renewable Energy Integration is a predicate for achieving universal access to affordable, sustainable, reliable energy across a diverse portfolio of fuel sources. Towards this end, we must be able to maintain the balance and resilience of the power grid using technology, regulatory, and market forces. Dr. Lawrence Jones’ outstanding compendium, based on an in-depth array of insights from an unique cast of renowned thought leaders, demonstrates that he clearly understands how critical this subject is for quality of life, continued economic growth and prosperity around the globe.

Hon. Vicky A. Bailey, former Assistant Secretary, International Affairs and Domestic Policy, Department of Energy and Former Commissioner, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

There are many that have made a convincing case that we could move to 80% renewable electricity generation by 2030. As we unlock the greatest wealth creation opportunity since the mobile phone revolution, I am sure this resource from Dr. Jones and his assembled dreamteam will find its way onto the desks of every major grid operator and electricity policymaker in the World.

Jigar Shah, Founder SunEdison and Author of Creating Climate Wealth

The future of the energy landscape cannot be envisioned without taking into account renewable energy. It is a secret for no one however that the integration of renewable energy into the grid is an important challenge that will need to be overcome if we want to ensure its deployment to full capacity. Dr. Lawrence Jones brings together critical contributions from experts across the globe to address precisely these issues in a must-read, unique publication. It is an invaluable resource for anyone in the industry who wants a comprehensive overview of one of today and tomorrow’s hottest topics.

Pierre Bernard, Founder and Managing Partner, Bernard Energy Advocacy

Dedication

This book is dedicated to my wife Facia and our children, Nohealani, Tobias, and Raphael.

They remind me why we must dream big, and harness our imagination to think the unthinkable, while always taking purposeful steps to have positive impact in our interconnected world.

Also

This book honors the operators of power grids around the world. They are the unsung heroes and heroines who work around the clock, ensuring that we have electricity to light up our nights and fuel our lives.

About the Editor

Dr. Lawrence E. Jones is a thought leader and practitioner with over 25  years of experience in the energy industry. His expertise includes renewable energy integration and the application of smarter technologies in the engineering, design, and operations of energy systems and other critical infrastructures. He also focuses on system resilience, disruptive and innovative business and regulatory models, and strategies for addressing challenges to harnessing the opportunities at the food–energy–water nexus.

He joined Edison Electric Institute (EEI) in September 2015 as vice president, International Programs. The program serves over about 70 international electric companies with operations in over 90 countries around the world as International Members.

Prior to joining EEI, Dr. Jones was North America vice president for Utility Innovation & Infrastructure Resilience at Alstom Grid Inc., where he assisted utilities worldwide with formulating strategies for deploying new technology solutions, and also served on the company's Global Business Development team for Smart Grids and Smart Cities. While at Alstom, Dr. Jones also served as vice president, Policy, Regulatory Affairs & Industry Relations, director of Strategy and Special Projects, Worldwide in the Network Management Systems division and led its Global Renewable Energy Integration initiatives. In June 2014, he was appointed to serve on the US Department of Commerce's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee.

Dr. Jones is an advocate for the use of smart, clean, and renewable energy technologies enabled by resilient infrastructures around the world. He is the editor of the first and second editions of Renewable Energy Integration: Practical Management of Variability, Uncertainty and Flexibility in Power Grids and was the principal investigator of the 2010/11 Global Survey on Renewable Energy Integration in Power Grids funded by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) at US Department of Energy. For this work, he received the Renewable Energy World Network 2012 Excellence in Renewable Award for Leadership in Technology and the Utility Variable Generation Integration Group 2012 Achievement Award. In 2000, while at the Royal Institute of Technology, he cofounded the International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power and Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms.

In September 2010, Dr. Jones was appointed by the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to a 3-year term on the 15-member Federal Smart Grid Advisory Committee and was reappointed to serve another 3-year term, which ended in 2016. He also serves on the advisory boards of several industry conferences and smart grid research programs within the Americas, Europe, and Africa.

Dr. Jones is involved with several entrepreneurial and philanthropic initiatives. He is a cofounder and the president of the Board of Directors of the Center for Sustainable Development in Africa (CSDA).

Dr. Jones is frequently an invited speaker at industry conferences and academic symposia for diverse audiences across the globe. He has published and been cited in scholarly journals, trade magazines, and newspapers and has also appeared on TV and radio around the world.

Dr. Jones received his MSc, licentiate, and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. He is an honorary industry fellow at Monash University in Australia and a senior member of the IEEE. Dr. Jones lives in Arlington, Virginia, with his wife and their three children.

About the Contributors

Anders N. Andersen holds a master's degree in Mathematics and Physics and a bachelor's degree in Economics from Aarhus University. He is the head of the Energy Systems department at EMD International A/S and is an Extension associate professor in energy planning at Aalborg University. He has more than 25  years of experience in the energy industry.

Göran Andersson obtained his MS (1975) and PhD (1980) degrees from the University of Lund, Sweden. Since 2016, he has been a professor emeritus in electric power systems at ETH Zürich. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) (1997), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1994), the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (1992), the Royal Physiographic Society (2010), the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (2015), and a foreign member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (2016).

Reza Arghandeh is an assistant professor in the ECE department and the Center for Advanced Power System in Florida State University. He was a postdoctoral scholar at the CIEE, University of California, Berkeley. He completed his PhD in Electrical Engineering at Virginia Tech and holds master's degrees in Industrial and System Engineering from Virginia Tech and in Energy Systems from the University of Manchester. He was a power system software designer at Electrical Distribution Design Inc. in Virginia during 2011–13.

George W. Arnold has over 40  years of experience in the telecommunications, information technology, and energy sectors in both industry and government. Dr. Arnold was a vice president at Bell Labs and served as national coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. He received his EngScD degree in EE and CS from Columbia University.

Tatiana M.L. Assis received her DSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Over the last 15  years, Dr. Assis has worked with power systems dynamics and her experience includes collaborations with the Brazilian Electric Power Research Center and the Brazilian ISO. She is currently a professor at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

K.V.S. Baba, currently working as CEO, POSOCO, has experience in the power system planning, system operation, system reliability, open access, and renewable integration. He currently represents India on the CIGRE Study Committee C2 on Power System Operation.

Chaitanya A. Baone received the BTech degree in Electrical Engineering from Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India, in 2006, and the MS and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Dr. Baone is currently with the Electric Power Systems Laboratory, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York.

Carl Barker holds a B.Eng from Staffordshire Polytechnic and a M.Sc. from Bath University in the UK. He joined GE's Grid Solutions in Stafford, UK in 1989, initially working on the design and development of individual HVDC and SVC projects then becoming System Design Manager, responsible for all technical aspects of HVDC projects. He is, at present, a Consulting Engineer within the business providing technical support across many activities. Carl is a Chartered Engineer in the UK and a member of the IET (UK), a Senior Member of the IEEE, the regular member for CIGRE B4 for the UK and an honorary visiting professor at Cardiff University.

Maxime Baudette is a PhD student in the Electric Power and Energy Systems department at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. He received the MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from KTH (Sweden) and Supélec (France) in 2013. He is a member of the Smart Transmission System Laboratory (SmarTS-Lab) research group at KTH.

He has keen interest in real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, and wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS).

Audun Botterud is a principal research scientist in the MIT Laboratory for Decisions and Information Systems and a member of the research staff at Argonne National Laboratory. He has worked at SINTEF Energy Research in Trondheim, Norway. He received his MSc in Industrial Engineering (1997) and his PhD in Electrical Power Engineering (2004) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway.

Matthias A. Bucher is a specialist for balancing market design at the Swiss TSO Swissgrid. He received his BSc, MSc, and DrSc degrees in electrical engineering and information technology from ETH Zurich in 2011 and 2016, respectively. He was an academic visitor at the University of Washington in 2015.

Richard Candy worked in various senior technical positions for the South African power utility Eskom from 1972 to 2015. He provided real-time support for energy management computer systems with a focus on the man–machine interface, advanced alarm processing, and visualization within a SCADA-based control center environment. Dr. Candy previously worked for EON Consulting and currently works for SqwidNet, a subsidiary of Dark Fiber Africa. His focus is on the development of both the South African Smart Grid and the Internet of Things. He has a PhD in software engineering.

Spyros Chatzivasileiadis is an assistant professor at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Before that he was a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States, and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States. Spyros holds a PhD from ETH Zurich, Switzerland (2013), and a diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece (2007). In March 2016 he joined the Center of Electric Power and Energy at DTU.

Harry Colebourn, CEng MIET, is an electrical engineer with 45  years of experience in power transmission and distribution network businesses. He holds graduate and postgraduate qualifications in Science, Engineering, and Business Administration.

Erik S. Connors is a research lead at Huge in Atlanta, Georgia, where he focuses on providing optimal user experiences across a variety of domains, and is a former senior research associate at SA Technologies. Dr. Connors received his PhD from the College of Information Sciences and Technology at Pennsylvania State University.

Patricia D'Costa is a distributed energy resources (DER) analyst at ICF within the Energy Advisory Services group. Her research is focused on renewables and grid modernization efforts across the United States. She advises utilities, organizations, and agencies on best practices for DER evaluation and integration into their systems. Ms D'Costa holds a BS in Industrial Engineering and MS in Energy Systems from Northeastern University.

Christopher L. DeMarco has been a member of the faculty at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, since 1985. Dr. DeMarco has served as chair of the Electrical and Computer Engineering department and is currently Grainger professor of Power Engineering and site director for the Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC). His research and teaching interests center on dynamics and control of energy systems.

Daniel Dobbeni has over 40  years of experience in the energy industry. He was CEO of the Elia Group from 2003 to 2012 and president of the European Network of Transmission System Operators from incorporation till June 2013. He was chairman of 50Hertz GmbH and Coreso SA. He received his MSc in Industrial Engineering in Brussels and Business Management from Vlerick, Belgium, and CEDEP, France.

Ken Dragoon has worked in the electric power industry for 35 years. He founded Flink Energy Consulting in 2014, working with clients on the transition to renewable energy. He began his career in hydropower planning and modeling and transitioned naturally to managing other renewable resources in 2003. He authored Valuing Wind Generation on Integrated Power Systems (Elsevier, 2010) and a number of other papers and reports relating to integrating renewable resources. He has an MS in physics from University of New Hampshire.

Ahmed Ali Al-Ebrahim is the chief executive officer of Gulf Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority (GCCIA). He joined GCCIA in 2007 as director of Operations & Maintenance. He has almost 30  years of experience in power systems and infrastructure operation and planning, previously working as CEO of Sintegro International and as manager of Operations & Control in the Ministry of Electricity of Bahrain. Ahmed holds an MBA in Business Administration from DePaul University, United States, an MSc in Electrical Power Engineering from the University of Strathclyde, Scotland, and a BSc in Electrical Power Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, United States.

Erik Ela is a senior technical leader at the Electric Power Research Institute. He previously worked at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and was a lead in steady-state power system operations, wholesale electricity market design, and other topics related to bulk power integration of renewable resources, and at the New York Independent System Operator implementing improvements to markets and operations. Mr Ela has the BS, MS, and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering.

Mica R. Endsley is the president of SA Technologies and a former chief scientist of the U.S. Air Force. Her research focuses on situation awareness and human–automation integration. Dr. Endsley received her PhD from the University of Southern California in Industrial and Systems Engineering.

Damien Ernst obtained his master's degree from the University of Liège, Belgium, in 1998 where he researched electricity networks, focusing on the loss of synchronism phenomena that can lead to blackouts in a matter of seconds. His 3-year postdoctoral research, which was funded by the FNRS and was spent at CMU and MIT in the United States and at ETH in Zurich, focused on reinforcement learning techniques to solve control and decision-making problems in electricity networks. He returned to the University of Liège as a full professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, where he was also the EDF-Luminus Chair on Smart Grids from 2011 to 2016. His current fields of research include energy and artificial intelligence.

Pavel V. Etingov graduated with honors from Irkutsk State Technical University specializing in electrical engineering in 1997. P.V. Etingov received his PhD degree in 2003 from the Energy Systems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia. He is currently a staff research engineer at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, and a member of the IEEE Power & Energy Society, CIGRE, and WECC committee and group.

Steve Fine is a vice president with ICF and leads the distributed energy resources team within the Energy Advisory Services group. He works with many major U.S. power companies and developers in evaluating the impact of DERs on their system and the implications for their business models. Mr Fine has an MA in Economics from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and a BA from the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Santiago Grijalva is distinguished professor of Electrical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology and chairman of ProsumerGrid, Inc. He has been the principal investigator for research projects under Department of Energy, ARPA-E, EPRI, PSERC, NSF, and National Laboratories. Dr. Grijalva has been the recipient of Fulbright, University of Illinois, and Organization of American States Fellowships, and received awards including Georgia Tech ECE Outstanding Faculty and IBM Faculty Award. His MS and PhD degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering are from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.

Udi Helman is a consultant and researcher on renewable energy and energy storage technologies. Previously he worked for BrightSource Energy, the California Independent System Operator, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission where he focused on electricity market design issues. Among recent publications, he coauthored Operational Benefits of Meeting California's Energy Storage Targets (NREL 2015). Other papers have appeared in several books, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Energy, and The Journal of Neuro Computing. He has a PhD from the Johns Hopkins University in applied economics and systems analysis.

Anders Plejdrup Houmøller has more than 20  years of experience in the electricity supply industry and 7  years of experience from the IT and software industry. Mr Houmøller holds a master's degree in Physics and bachelor's degrees in Mathematics, Computer Science, and Commerce.

Lola Infante is senior director of Generation Fuels and Market Analysis at the Edison Electric Institute. She has authored a book on European electricity markets as well as multiple articles and papers on energy-related topics. Prior to joining EEI, she worked at the Center for the Advancement of Energy Markets and at GAB-Robins in Paris, France. She holds a BA from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, a master's degree in International Economics and Finance from Paris Sorbonne, a master's degree in Energy, Environment, Science, and Technology, and a PhD from the Johns Hopkins University.

Mohit Joshi is currently working as deputy manager at National Load Despatch Centre, POSOCO in the System Operation department. He has around 9  years of experience in grid management, transmission pricing, markets, and renewable energy integration studies.

Brendan Kirby is a private consultant with numerous clients including the Hawaii PUC, NREL, UVIG, EPRI, AWEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and others. He has 42  years of electric utility experience and has published over 180 papers, articles, book chapters, and reports. Brendan is a licensed professional engineer with an MS degree in Electrical Engineering, from Carnegie Mellon University, and a BS in Electrical Engineering from Lehigh University. Publications are available at www.consultkirby.com.

K.V.N. Pawan Kumar is currently working as deputy manager in Market Operations department at NLDC, POSOCO. He has around 8  years of experience in policy, regulatory affairs, renewable integration, and open access. He is also a member of IEEE.

Kiran Kumaraswamy is a market development director at AES Energy Storage. Prior to joining AES, he worked as a senior manager in ICF's Transmission and Ancillary Services Group of the Energy Advisory Services group. Mr Kumaraswamy holds a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Madras, India.

Constance H. Lau is president and chief executive officer of Hawaiian Electric Industries, headquartered in Honolulu. She also serves as chairman of Hawaiian Electric Co. and American Savings Bank. Since 2012, Ms Lau has chaired the National Infrastructure Advisory Council. A graduate of Yale College with a BS in Administrative Sciences, she earned a juris doctor from the University of California's Hastings College of Law and an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

Helena Lindquist is the CEO and founder of LightSwitch, a company devoted to accelerating international knowledge and technology transfer in the fields of renewable energy and sustainability. She has an academic and professional background in international relations and European affairs and holds a master's degree in European Studies from the University of Bath, UK.

Clyde Loutan has over 25  years of experience in the energy industry. He started his career at Pacific Gas and Electric Company and is currently a senior advisor at the California Independent System Operator Corporation focusing on renewable integration and control performance. Mr Loutan holds BS and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from Howard University, Washington DC.

Jian Ma has a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, in 2008. He is currently a senior electrical engineer with Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, Missouri. Mr Ma is a senior member of IEEE, a licensed professional engineer in the state of Washington, and a certified Project Management Professional.

Yuri V. Makarov received his MSc degree in Computers and PhD in Electrical Engineering from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (now St. Petersburg State Technical University), Russia, where he was also an associate professor at the Department of Electrical Power Systems and Networks. Dr. Makarov previously conducted research at the University of Newcastle, University of Sydney, Australia, and Howard University, United States. He previously worked at Southern Company Services, Inc. and the California Independent System Operator. Currently, he is a chief scientist in Power Systems at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Ian McLeod is the head of Smart Energy and Digital Asset Management for Enzen, Global Ambassador for Edison Electric Institute's International Programs, advisory board member for Smart Wires, Bidgley, James Cook University and Monash Energy Materials and Systems Institute, and chairman of Queensland Futures Institute Energy Committee. He is a former CEO of Ergon Energy with over 30  years of industry experience. His associated awards are 2015 Edison Electric Institute International Innovation Award (spatial), EPRI Technology Transfer Award (smart grid), Engineers Australia Award for Innovation, Research and Development (electrical storage), and 2015 Climate Alliance Business Leadership Awards for Business Innovator of the Year.

Richard McMahon is vice president, Energy Supply and Finance for the Edison Electric Institute (EEI). Mr McMahon leads the industry activities on clean energy supply including natural gas, renewable energy, energy storage, and distributed generation. He is a guest lecturer at Georgetown University on these topics. He received an MBA in Finance from The George Washington University and a BA from Duquesne University. He has completed the Executive Program in Leadership at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.

Matthias Müller-Mienack received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the Brandenburg Technical University in Germany. Dr. Müller-Mienack worked as the offshore project manager, the head of European Grid Concepts, and the head of Corporate Strategy for 50Hertz (TSO) in strategic grid planning. In parallel, he was convenor of the ENTSO-E WG 2050 Electricity Highways. Currently, he is the