How America Saved Italy and the World: Using Bretton Woods and the Marshall Plan after World War II to Bring Stability and Peace to Europe through Instruments of National Power, Blocking Communism
()
Currently unavailable
Currently unavailable
About this ebook
This excellent report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. As early as World War I, the United States possessed a vision for how to eliminate the propensity of interstate warfare. Actually achieving this vision proved difficult until after World War II. Then, US policy makers used a mix of security, economic, and regional incentives to bring their global vision into fruition. The 1948 Marshall Plan balanced the priorities of Italy's local security, economic, and regional security concerns to be effective. Immediately following the Italian landing operations, the Allies used civil affairs to re-establish the rule of law and secure the population. Believing economic competition ultimately led states to war, the United States then established international institutions to quell economic favoritism in Italy. When these Bretton Woods institutions proved insufficient, the United States then looked for a stimulus and modernization program to rebuild Italy and Europe. The purpose of this stimulus in the form of the Marshall Plan was to make recipient states capable of self-sufficient operation. The stimulus aimed to create regions insusceptible to alternative forms of government, namely communism. The enormous financial and political investment in the Marshall Plan required US policy makers to justify the costs to a skeptical public, one that sometimes failed to see the immediate connection between financial aid and security. Linking the Marshall Plan to the idea of containing the spread of communism allowed its passage and helped save Italy. The context and cost of the Marshall Plan make it a singularly unique type of US diplomacy. This same criteria provides a caution to those that advocate its re-application to modern problems.
Once the Allies entered Italy, suddenly two million Italian citizens became their responsibility, all who faced challenges similar to Peter Ghiringhelli. Throughout World War II, the Allies fought to apply a broader base of pressure on the Axis Forces, especially to open a second front and relieve their beleaguered Soviet compatriots bearing the brunt of the Axis assault. In Italy, they finally achieved that turning point. Troops landed in Sicily and began their long march into the heart of the Axis via the soft, Mediterranean underbelly. By immediately securing Italy while maneuvering, the Allies set future conditions for Italy's long-term stability. Yet achieving this long-term stability led to another problem, a problem of economics. As seen in the second story, US policy makers struggled with how to best use aid to recreate a self-sufficient Italian economy. In addition to destroying the social and political institutions that held the country together, World War II destroyed Italy's fragile economy. Industrial output stood at only twenty-nine percent of pre-war levels, with agricultural output at sixty-three percent. Italy always depended on its neighbors for certain basic raw materials such as cotton, metals, rubber, and natural energy products. Relative to young Peter's challenges, Italy imported nearly half of its wheat supply.
Progressive Management
Progressive Management: For over a quarter of a century, our news, educational, technical, scientific, and medical publications have made unique and valuable references accessible to all people. Our imprints include PM Medical Health News, Advanced Professional Education and News Service, Auto Racing Analysis, and World Spaceflight News. Many of our publications synthesize official information with original material. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work to uniformly present authoritative knowledge that can be rapidly read, reviewed or searched. Vast archives of important data that might otherwise remain inaccessible are available for instant review no matter where you are. The e-book format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference book that is as convenient, comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and portable - everything you need to know, from renowned experts you trust. Our e-books put knowledge at your fingertips, and an expert in your pocket!
Related to How America Saved Italy and the World
Related ebooks
Let's Make World War II the Last World War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWW2 Presidents: Biography of Famous People, #1 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary Of "Global Politics And Economy, 1945-1973" By José Pierri: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary Of "World History 1914-1968" By David Thomson: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWorld War II: American history, #2 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAmerican World Policies Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsStudy Guide to The Ugly American by Burdick and Lederer Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Economic Consequences of the Peace Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Life and Times of a Baby Boomer: How World War Two Gave Rise to a Golden Generation Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWhat the Non-Chinese Peoples Must Do to Compete and End P(l)andemics Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWhile America Sleeps: Self-Delusion, Military Weakness, and the Threat to Peace Today Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5When Shrimps Learn to Whistle Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Servant Economy: Where America's Elite is Sending the Middle Class Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Globalisation Fractures: How major nations' interests are now in conflict Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWinning the Peace: The Marshall Plan and America's Coming of Age as a Superpower Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Weary Titan: Britain and the Experience of Relative Decline, 1895-1905 Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5World War II: From the Rise of the Nazi Party to the Dropping of the Atomic Bomb Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Forces of War: Volunteers to Fight Our Wars, #1 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEscapes Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAmerica's Last Real Home Front Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLies Our Leaders Tell Us Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Decline of Nations: Lessons for Strengthening America at Home and in the World Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA Concise History of the Second World War: Its Origin, Battles and Consequences Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Destiny of The United States of America 2nd Edition : The United States of America: Facts, Analysis and Strategy Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsGale Researcher Guide for: The Origins of the Cold War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBritish Foreign Policy since 1870 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5What if Latin America Ruled the World?: How the South Will Take the North Through the 21st Century Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary of Tony Judt's Ill Fares the Land Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe United States and Fascist Italy, 1922-1940 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsGeneral Maxime Weygand, 1867-1965: Fortune and Misfortune Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Wars & Military For You
Masters of the Air: America's Bomber Boys Who Fought the Air War Against Nazi Germany Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Sun Tzu's The Art of War: Bilingual Edition Complete Chinese and English Text Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Art of War Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Resistance: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Killing the SS: The Hunt for the Worst War Criminals in History Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Last Kingdom Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Daily Creativity Journal Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Art of War: The Definitive Interpretation of Sun Tzu's Classic Book of Strategy Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Making of the Atomic Bomb Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Faithful Spy: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the Plot to Kill Hitler Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Art of War & Other Classics of Eastern Philosophy Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mein Kampf: The Original, Accurate, and Complete English Translation Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings77 Days of February: Living and Dying in Ukraine, Told by the Nation’s Own Journalists Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The God Delusion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Only Plane in the Sky: An Oral History of 9/11 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Rise of the Fourth Reich: The Secret Societies That Threaten to Take Over America Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Band of Brothers: E Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitler's Eagle's Nest Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Unacknowledged: An Expose of the World's Greatest Secret Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Doctors From Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Girls of Atomic City: The Untold Story of the Women Who Helped Win World War II Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5God Is Not One: The Eight Rival Religions That Run the World--and Why Their Differences Matter Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for How America Saved Italy and the World
0 ratings0 reviews