The Libation Bearers: With linked Table of Contents
By Aeschylus
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Aeschylus
Aeschylus (c.525-455 B.C) was an ancient Greek playwright and solider. Scholars’ knowledge of the tragedy genre begins with Aeschylus’ work, and because of this, he is dubbed the “father of tragedy”. Aeschylus claimed his inspiration to become a writer stemmed from a dream he had in which the god Dionysus encouraged him to write a play. While it is estimated that he wrote just under one hundred plays, only seven of Aeschylus’ work was able to be recovered.
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The Libation Bearers - Aeschylus
The Libation Bearers
by Æschylus
Translated into English Verse by
E. D. A. Morshead, M.A.
late fellow of new college oxford, assistant master of winchester college
©2015 SMK Books
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission except for brief quotations for review purposes only.
SMK Books
PO Box 632
Floyd, VA 24091-0632
ISBN 13: 978-1-5154-0084-4
Table of Contents
Introduction
Dramatis Personae
The Libation Bearers
Introduction
Of the life of Æschylus, the first of the three great masters of Greek tragedy, only a very meager outline has come down to us. He was born at Eleusis, near Athens, B. C. 525, the son of Euphorion. Before he was twenty-five he began to compete for the tragic prize, but did not win a victory for twelve years. He spent two periods of years in Sicily, where he died in 456, killed, it is said, by a tortoise which an eagle dropped on his head. Though a professional writer, he did his share of fighting for his country, and is reported to have taken part in the battles of Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea.
Of the seventy or eighty plays which he is said to have written, only seven survive: The Persians,
dealing with the defeat of Xerxes at Salamis; The Seven against Thebes,
part of a tetralogy on the legend of Thebes; The Suppliants,
on the daughters of Danaüs; Prometheus Bound,
part of a trilogy, of which the first part was probably Prometheus, the Fire-bringer,
and the last, Prometheus Unbound
; and the Oresteia,
the only example of a complete Greek tragic trilogy which has come down to us, consisting of Agamemnon,
Choephorae
(The Libation-Bearers), and the Eumenides
(Furies).
The importance of Æschylus in the development of the drama is immense. Before him tragedy had consisted of the chorus and one actor; and by introducing a second actor, expanding the dramatic dialogue thus made possible, and reducing the lyrical parts, he practically created Greek tragedy as we understand it. Like other writers of his time, he acted in his own plays, and trained the chorus in their dances and songs; and he did much to give impressiveness to the performances by his development of the accessories of scene and costume on the stage. Of the four plays here reproduced, Prometheus Bound
holds an exceptional place in the literature of the world. (As conceived by Æschylus, Prometheus is the champion of man against the oppression of Zeus; and the argument of the drama has a certain correspondence to the problem of the Book of Job.) The Oresteian trilogy on The House of Atreus
is one of the supreme productions of all literature. It deals with the two great themes of the retribution of crime and the inheritance of evil; and here again a parallel may be found between the assertions of the justice of God by Æschylus and by