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    An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf
    An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf
    An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf
    Ebook118 pages1 hour

    An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf

    By Richard A. Hook, William L. Robinson, Thomas F. Weise and L. David Mech

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    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 26, 2013
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      Book preview

      An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf - Richard A. Hook

      The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Experimental Translocation of the

      Eastern Timber Wolf, by Thomas F. Weise and William L. Robinson and Richard A. Hook and L. David Mech

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net

      Title: An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf

      Author: Thomas F. Weise

      William L. Robinson

      Richard A. Hook

      L. David Mech

      Release Date: January 19, 2011 [EBook #35006]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXP. TRANSLOC. EASTERN TIMBER WOLF ***

      Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Leonard Johnson

      and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at

      http://www.pgdp.net

      FOREWORD

      The Fish and Wildlife Service is proud to present this bulletin describing an experimental attempt to re-establish an endangered species in part of its native range. Two States, a Federal agency, a university, and two private conservation groups pooled their resources to make the project possible. This effort exemplifies the type of cooperation the Department of the Interior believes is imperative in beginning the gigantic task of trying to save and restore the threatened and endangered animals in this country today.

      Our pride is bittersweet, however. The experiment was a complete success in providing the information sought: What might happen when a pack of wolves is transplanted to a new area where the native population has been all but exterminated by Man? It was the answer to this question that was disappointing. Nevertheless, experiments are for learning, no matter what the answers may be. We are convinced that the answers provided by this project will ultimately be most helpful in future attempts to restore endangered animals to parts of their native ranges where they can begin again on the road to recovery.

      DIRECTOR

      U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service

      Additional Copies Available from

      UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

      FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

      REGION 3

      Federal Building

      Fort Snelling

      Twin Cities, Minnesota 55111

      AN EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLOCATION OF

      THE EASTERN TIMBER WOLF

      [1] Marquette, Michigan 49855

      [2] Division of Cooperative Research, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Md. 20810. Mailing address: North Central Forest Experiment Station, Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN. 55101.

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      ABSTRACT

      Two male and two female eastern timber wolves (Canis lupus lycaon), live-trapped in Minnesota were released in March 1974 near Huron Mountain in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Their movements were monitored by aerial radio-telemetry.

      The wolves separated into a group of three and a single animal after release. The single, a young female, remained in the release region in an area of 346 square miles (896 km²). The pack of three moved generally westward for 13 days and then explored a 1,631 square-mile (4,224 km²) region but settled after 2 months in a 246 square-mile (637 km²) area about 55 miles (88 km) southwest of the release site. The adult female, which mated while captive prior to release, failed to whelp.

      In early July, one male was killed by an automobile, and the other was shot. The remaining female from the pack then began to move over a much larger area again. On September 20th she was trapped by a coyote (Canis latrans) trapper and shot. Two months later the single female was killed by a deer (Odocoileus virginianus) hunter.

      These results indicated that wolves can be transplanted to a new region, although they may not settle in the release area itself. The displacement of the translocated wolves in this experiment apparently caused an initial increase in their daily movements, and probably increased their vulnerability, at least during the first 2 months after release. The two females examined post-mortem were in good physical condition indicating that food supplies were adequate in Michigan.

      Human-caused mortality was responsible for the failure of the wolves to establish themselves. Therefore recommendations for a more successful re-establishment effort include a stronger public-education campaign, removal of the coyote bounty, and release of a greater number of wolves.

      INTRODUCTION

      The eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) originally occurred throughout the eastern United States and Canada but is now extinct in most of the United States. The only substantial population left inhabits northern Minnesota (Fig. 1). The estimated wolf population in the Superior National Forest

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