Authorised Guide to the Tower of London
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Authorised Guide to the Tower of London - W. J. (William John) Loftie
Project Gutenberg's Authorised Guide to the Tower of London, by W. J. Loftie
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
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Title: Authorised Guide to the Tower of London
Author: W. J. Loftie
Release Date: September 11, 2004 [EBook #13436]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TOWER OF LONDON ***
Produced by Audrey Longhurst, David Garcia and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team.
AUTHORISED
GUIDE TO THE TOWER OF LONDON.
BY
W.J. LOFTIE, B.A., F.S.A.
REVISED EDITION.
WITH TWELVE VIEWS AND TWO PLANS,
AND A
DESCRIPTION OF THE ARMOURY,
BY
THE VISCOUNT DILLON, P.S.A.
(Curator of the Tower Armouries.)
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY.
AND SOLD AT THE TOWER.
1904
Reprinted 1907.
PRICE ONE PENNY.
THE TOWER OF LONDON.
GENERAL SKETCH.
The Tower of London was founded in 1078, by William the Conqueror, for the purpose of protecting and controlling the city. To make room for his chief buildings he removed two bastions of the old wall of London, and encroached slightly upon the civic boundaries. Part therefore of the Tower is in London, and part in Middlesex, but it forms, with its surrounding fortifications, a precinct in itself which belongs neither to the city nor the county. It covers an area of 18 acres within the Garden rails.
The present buildings are partly of the Norman period; but architecture of almost all the styles which have flourished in England may be found within the walls. It is well to remember that though the Tower is no longer a place of great military strength it has in time past been a fortress, a palace, and a prison, and to view it rightly we must regard it in this threefold aspect.
It was first built as a fortress, and has a central Keep, called the White Tower.
The Inner Ward is defended by a wall, flanked by thirteen towers, the entrance to it being on the south side under the Bloody Tower. The Outer Ward is defended by a second wall, flanked by six towers on the river face (see Pl. IX, X and XI), and by three semicircular bastions on the north face. A Ditch or Moat,
now dry, encircles the whole, crossed at the south-western angle by a stone bridge, leading to the Byward Tower
from the Middle Tower,
a gateway which had formerly an outwork, called the Lion Tower.
The Tower was occupied as a palace by all our Kings and Queens down to Charles II. It was the custom for each monarch to lodge in the Tower before his coronation, and to ride in procession to Westminster through the city. The Palace buildings stood eastward of the Bloody Tower.
The security of the walls made it convenient as a State prison, the first known prisoner being Ralf Flambard, Bishop of Durham, who had been active under William Rufus in pushing on the buildings. From that time the Tower was seldom without some captive, English or foreign, of rank and importance.
In the Tudor period the Green
within the Tower was used on very rare occasions for executions. [See page 32.] Condemned prisoners were usually beheaded on
Tower Hill.
Emerging from the Mark Lane railway station, the visitor obtains an excellent view of the great fortress. Within the railed space of Trinity Square, the first permanent scaffold on Tower Hill was set up in