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On the Seashore Cassell's "Eyes and No Eyes" Series, Book VII - R. Cadwallader Smith
The Project Gutenberg eBook, On the Seashore, by R. Cadwallader Smith
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: On the Seashore
Author: R. Cadwallader Smith
Release Date: December 22, 2003 [eBook #10513]
Most recently updated: July 28, 2012
Language: English
Character set encoding: US-ASCII
***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ON THE SEASHORE***
E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Thomas Hutchinson,
and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
CASSELL'S EYES AND NO EYES
SERIES
BOOK VII
ON THE SEASHORE
By
R. CADWALLADER SMITH
WITH EIGHT COLOUR PLATES AND MANY
BLACK-AND-WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS
CONTENTS
LESSON
I. FIVE-FINGERED JACK
II. A STROLL BY THE SEA
III. BIRDS OF THE SHORE
IV. CRABS
V. SHRIMPS, PRAWNS AND BARNACLES
VI. PLANTS OF THE SHORE
VII. FLOWER-LIKE ANIMALS
VIII. SEA-WEEDS AND SEA-GRASS
IX. THE JELLY-FISH
X. SHELLS AND THEIR BUILDERS (1)
XI. SHELLS AND THEIR BUILDERS (2)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
COLOUR PLATES
GULLS
THE REDSHANK
HERMIT CRABS FIGHTING
THE COMMON LOBSTER AND HERMIT CRAB
CRUSTACEA
WEST PAN SAND BUOY
SHELLS
BLACK AND WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS
COMMON FIVE-FINGERED STARFISH
TEST OR SHELL OF A SEA-URCHIN
THE CRAB
PURSE CRAB
HERMIT CRAB IN WHELK'S SHELL
HERMIT CRAB WITH SEA FLOWERS
THE LOBSTER
THE SHRIMP
SEA LILY
SEA ANEMONE
SEA-WEED FROND
SEA MAT
MEDUSA
A MEDUSOID
PRECIOUS WENTLETRAP
COWRIES
CASSELL'S
EYES AND NO EYES
Seventh Book
ON THE SEASHORE.
LESSON I.
FIVE-FINGERED JACK.
What fun it is down by the sea at low tide! Scrambling among the slippery rocks, we quickly fill a bucket with curious things. Some are dead, others very much alive; but all have a story to tell us--the story of the life they lead on the bed of the sea, or among the sands and rocks of the shore.
Look, here is a Starfish! It is lying on the sand, left high and dry by the waves, for now the tide is low. The Starfish looks limp and lifeless, its five reddish-coloured arms
are quite still.
We know it is an animal that lives in the sea, and dies when washed ashore. But what does it do in the sea? How does it move without legs or fins? How can it live without a head? Has it a mouth? What does it eat, and how does it find its food?
Like so many other sea-animals, the Starfish is a puzzle. Some of its little tricks puzzled clever people until quite lately. But we know most of its secrets now.
Pass your finger down one of its arms, or rays. It feels rough, being covered with knobs and prickles. Now turn the Starfish over, and look carefully at its underside. In the centre, where the five arms meet, is the animal's mouth. A harmless sort of mouth, you think, too small to be of much use. Really, it is a terrible mouth, the mouth of an ogre!
We notice a groove down the centre of each ray. But what are those little moving things which bend this way and that, as if feeling for something? Now that is exactly what they are doing. They are the feet of the Starfish. Each tiny foot is really a hollow tube, which can be pushed out or drawn in. At the tip of each is a powerful sucker, which acts rather like those leather suckers boys sometimes play with. Suppose the Starfish wishes to take a walk along the bed of the sea. First, it pushes out its tube-feet. Each sucker fixes itself to a stone or other object, and then the animal can draw its body along. You will see presently that the suckers can do other work too.
Our Starfish will die, however, unless we carry it to a pool. Before doing so, we must look at the tip of each ray for a small reddish spot. That is the Starfish's eye. Are those little eyes of much use in helping the creature to find its dinner? I think not. Most likely the Starfish smells its way.
If we put the animal on its back in a rock-pool we shall see the tube-feet at work. Once in the water our Starfish revives, and makes efforts to right itself. Can it turn over and crawl away?
The little tube-feet come out of their holes and begin to bend about. Now those near the edge of one arm
feel the ground. Each tiny sucker at once takes hold, more and more of them touch the ground as the ray is turned right side up, and at last the Starfish turns over, and, slowly but surely, glides away.
COMMON FIVE-FINGERED STARFISH.
Stones, shells, or rocks do not stop it. The rays slide up and over them. If we had feet like those of the Starfish, a journey up the wall of a house, over the roof, and down again, would be nothing to us. Nature gives all creatures the kind of foot which suits the life they lead. And it is hard to imagine feet more useful to the Starfish than those wonderful sucker-feet!
Ask any fisherman what he thinks of the harmless
Starfish, and he will call it a pest and a nuisance. It gets into the crab traps,
he says, and eats all the bait. And when we are line-fishing it sucks the bait off our hooks, and sometimes swallows hook and all.
Small wonder that Five-fingers, or Five-fingered Jack, as it is called, has no friend among fisher-folk.
On pulling up a useless Starfish instead of a real fish, the fisherman tears the offender in half and throws the halves back into the waves. By doing this he harms himself more than the Starfish! Each half grows into a perfect Starfish with five rays complete. We can say that each part of this animal has a separate life, for each part can
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