ccording to a December 2022 analysis published in , at least 30 “energy transition minerals and metals” (ETMs), such as cobalt, copper, nickel, and lithium, form the foundation of the energy transition, and demand for these ETMs is expected to rise dramatically. The International Energy Agency estimates that lithium, which is used in solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles, and batteries, will “see the fastest growth, analysis reports that more than half of the locations where ETMs are extracted are “on or near the lands of Indigenous and [rural workers].” For lithium in particular, research from finance company MSCI shows that 79% of lithium deposits are located within 35 miles of Native American reservations.
