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Captive in a chicken coop: The plight of debt bondage workers

India outlawed this form of forced labor: An employer pays a cash sum in exchange for weeks of labor and extracts penalties if terms are not met. But it persists — and appears to be on the rise.
Shanta Bai is a "debt bondage" worker in the sugarcane fields of India — accepting payment in advance for a certain number of days. Record heat has made it more difficult to put in hours, and drought has hampered the harvest. Earlier this year, she was held captive in a chicken coop with her husband and several others who were told they had not put in enough time to repay their debts.

For nearly a week last summer, Shanta Bai, a farmworker, says she was held captive in a chicken coop in a remote farm on the outskirts of a village in southern state of Karnataka in India. She was locked in the cramped quarters with other women. They used the corner of the coop for going to the bathroom.

Her husband, Jairam, also a captive, was tied up in a cowshed nearby.

The couple say they were were among a dozen farm workers from the neighboring state of Maharashtra who were being held in what's called "debt bondage" by the contractor who had brought them to work in the farms during the sugarcane harvest season. That phrase means they owed money to the contractor and would not be released until they (or their relatives) repaid the debt.

"We were told that we hadn't done sufficient work to cover the amount he had paid us. He said we owed him two lakh rupees [the equivalent

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