Mother Jones

Friends, Foes, and Frenemies

SYRIA’S CIVIL WAR doesn’t have two clearly defined sides. Hundreds of opposition groups have taken up arms against the Assad government—and sometimes each other. The conflict has also become a proxy war for countries including the United States, Russia, Iran, and Turkey. Not to mention the Kurds, Hezbollah, and ISIS. Here are the main players you need to know:

SYRIAN GOVERNMENT

PRIMARY GOALS: Survive, retake Syria
MAIN ALLIES: Russia, Iran
MAIN ENEMIES: FSA, ISIS, Nusra, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar

President Bashar al-Assad’s regime has used everything from torture to chemical weapons to fend off the rebellion sparked in 2011. It has also gotten

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