How Facebook Changed Social Connections and the Political Landscape Forever

In The Code: Silicon Valley and the Remaking of America, Margaret O'Mara explores how Silicon Valley came to be at the epicenter of technology in America. O'Mara, a historian at the University of Washington, worked in the Clinton White House in the early days of the internet. She shows how the explosive growth of social media, when paired with data from the sites users visited online, increased engagement—and how it flourished in an environment free from government oversight. The following excerpt describes how Facebook came of age at a time when society was seeking greater human connection—and in turn reshaped the political landscape in the hands of a social media master named Barack Obama.

Three billion smartphones. Two billion social media users. Two trillion-dollar companies. San Francisco's tallest skyscraper, Seattle's biggest employer, the four most expensive corporate campuses on the planet. The richest people in the history of humanity.

The benchmarks attained by America's largest technology companies in the twilight years of the 21st century's second decade boggle the imagination. Added together, the valuations of tech's so-called Big Five—Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Google/Alphabet and Microsoft—total more than the entire economy of the United Kingdom. Yet, few people had heard of "Silicon Valley" and the electronics firms that clustered there when a trade-paper journalist decided to give it that snappy nickname in early 1971. Even 10 years later, when personal computers mushroomed on office desks and boy-wonder entrepreneurs with last names like Jobs and